萌发绿豆种子中的一种大豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂钝化酶

通过 30 %～ 6 0 % (NH4 ) 2 SO4 分级沉淀、DEAE_SepharoseCL_6B离子交换层析、SephacrylS_2 0 0凝胶过滤层析和WatersAP_1离子交换层析 ,从萌发的绿豆 (Vignarabiata (L .)Wilczek)种子中分离纯化出一种可降解大豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂 (STI)的蛋白酶。SDS_PAGE测定该酶的分子量为 2 9.8kD。该酶催化降解STI的Km 值为 76 9.2BAEE/mL ,Vmax为 115 .3BAEE·mL-1·min-1。该酶在 5 0℃、pH 8.0、相对酶活力 5 0 0 0BAEE/mL和 4h的反应时间时可将脱脂大豆粉中的STI活性钝化 90 .91%。该酶在温度低于 5 0℃及pH 6 .5～ 8.5时能保持其活性。     

萌发绿豆中水解大豆胰蛋白酶抑制子蛋白酶的纯化及固定化

大豆是豆类植物中最早发现存在蛋白酶抑制子的 ,由于其存在影响了豆类的利用价值 ,因此研究人员一直在寻找着解决办法。采用加热处理方法不能彻底钝化豆类蛋白的蛋白酶抑制子活性 ,且豆类蛋白的含硫氨基酸主要存在于各类蛋白酶抑制子中 ,从豆类蛋白中除去抑制子蛋白将大大降低其营养效价。本研究的目的是试图寻找一种可在常温下降解豆类胰蛋白酶抑制子的蛋白酶 ,从而钝化豆类的胰蛋白酶抑制活性。在前期工作中 ,我们发现枯草杆菌蛋白酶 (Ｓｕｂ ｔｉｌｉｓｉｎ)可在在常温下降解花生及大豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂[1] ,近期我们的研究表明 ,Ａｌｃａ…     

Binding of the Recombinant Proteinase Inhibitor Eglin c,of the Soybean Bowman-Birk Proteinase Inhibitor and of its Chymotrypsin and Trypsin Inhibiting Fragments to Leu-Proteinase,the Leucine Specific Serine Proteinase from Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) Leaves: Thermodynamic Study

Abstract

The effect of pH and temperature on the apparent association equilibrium constant (K_a) for the binding of the recombinant proteinase inhibitor eglin c (eglin c), of the soybean Bowman-Birk proteinase inhibitor (BBI) and of its chymotrypsin and trypsin inhibiting fragments (F-C and F-T, respetively) to Leuproteinase, the leucine specific serine proteinase from spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) leaves, has been investigated. On lowering the pH from 9.5 to 4.5, values of K_a (at 21°C) for complex formation decrease thus reflecting the acidic pK-shift of the hystidyl catalytic residue from ～6.9, in the free Leu-proteinase, to ～5.1, in the enzyme: inhibitor adducts. At pH 8.0, values of the apparent thermodynamic parameters for the proteinase:inhibitor complex formation are: Leu-proteinase:eglin c - K_a = 2.2 × 10¹¹ M^-1, δG°= - 64kJ/mol, δH° = + 5.9kJ/mol, and δS° = + 240J/molK; Leu-proteinase:BBI - K_a = 3.2 × 10¹⁰ M^-1, δG° = - 59kJ/mol, δH°= + 8.8kJ/mol, and δS° = + 230J/molK; and Leu-proteinase:F-C - K_a = 1.1 × 10⁶ M^-1, δG°= - 34kJ/mol, δH° = + 18J/mol, and δS° = + 180J/molK (values of K_a, δG° and δS° were obtained at 21.0°C; values of δH° were temperature-independent over the range explored, i.e. between 10.0°C and 40.0°C). F-T does not inhibit Leu-proteinase up to an inhibitor concentration of 1.0 × 10^-3 M, suggesting that the upper limit of K_a is 1 × 10² M^-1. Considering the known molecular models, the observed binding behaviour of eglin c, BBI, F-C and F-T to Leu-proteinase has been related to the inferred stereochemistry of the enzyme/inhibitor contact region     

猪胰蛋白酶自溶活性产物—绿豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂复合物的初步晶体学研究

本文报道了猪胰蛋白酶自溶活性产物——绿豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂复合物的晶体生长及晶体学参数的测定。晶体衍射分辨率为2.8A,四方晶系,空间群I422,晶胞参数为a=b=121.6A,c=113.6A,V=1.680×10~6A~3,每个结晶学不对称单位中含一个复合物分子。     

缺失Kunitz胰蛋白酶抑制剂和脂肪氧化酶2.3的大豆新品种——中黄16的选育

大豆新品种中黄16（原名中作96－952）,是中国农业科学院作物育种栽培研究所利用缺失Kunitz胰蛋白酶抑制剂的高产、优质,抗花叶病毒病（SMV）的高代材料ti15176作母本,美国引进优良品种Century近等基因系,脂肪氧化酶缺失的优质材料Century-2.3作父本进行有性杂交,采用未变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（Native-PAGE）技术及等电聚焦聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（IEF－PAGE）技术,对杂种代胰蛋白酶抑制剂（Ti)、脂肪氧化酶（Lox)进行缺失检测及多年辅助选择育成,该品种于1999－2000年参加北京市夏播大豆区域试验,2001年参加北京市夏播大豆生产试验,2002年4月通过北京市品种审定委员会审定。其出特点是高产,稳产,优质（蛋脂双高、蛋白质含量高且蛋白质品质优异－－缺失Ti和Lox2.3),抗花叶病毒病,综合性状优异,是国内第一个缺失Kunitz胰蛋白酶抑制剂且缺失脂肪氧化酶2．3的三缺（Lox2.3,ti）优质大豆新品种。     

黑豆种子中一种耐热型胰蛋白酶抑制剂的分离及性质表征

应用硫酸铵分级沉降、弱阳交换色谱CM-Sephadex C-50、凝胶过滤 色谱Sephacryl S-200HR、强阳离子高效液相色谱POROS HS-20,从黑豆种 子中分离纯化一种耐热型蛋白酶抑制剂,命名为TSTI.该蛋白的Ｎ末端序列 为DEYSKPCCDLCMCTRRCPPQ,与豆科植物Bowman-Birk型胰蛋白酶抑制剂具有 高度同源性,推测其属于Bowman-Birk型胰蛋白酶抑制剂.SDS－PAGE和IEF 测出TSTI分子量和等电点分别为23.9 kD 和6.2.TSTI对胰蛋白酶有很强的 抑制作用,当二者摩尔比达到1时,胰蛋白酶活力被完全抑制.此外,该蛋 白酶抑制剂具有很强的热稳定性和pH稳定性,在高达100 ℃温度及pH2-12 范围内处理,其活性均不会受到太大影响.TSTI对植物致病菌苹果轮纹病菌 、瓜果腐霉病菌、白菜黑斑病菌、甜瓜枯萎病菌和葡萄灰霉病菌具有抑制 作用.     

大豆脂肪氧化酶及Kunitz胰蛋白酶抑制剂缺失种质的创新

脂肪氧化酶和胰蛋白酶抑制剂是大豆蛋白中2种重要的抗营养因子。以黄淮海主栽品种鲁豆4号、中品661、豫豆8号、91D15、潍8640作母本,美国引进缺失Kunitz胰蛋白酶抑制剂品种P．I．L83-4387和优良品种Century缺失脂肪氧化酶的近等位基因系Century-2、Century-2．3和Century-1．3作父本进行有性杂交,利用大豆脂肪氧化酶缺失基因及胰蛋白酶抑制剂缺失基因的生化标记对杂种后代进行多年辅助选择,培育脂肪氧化酶缺失基因(lx1、lx2、lx3)、胰蛋白酶抑制剂缺失基因(ti)等优质多基因聚合的大豆新种质,为我国大豆品质育种、生产及加工利用提供优异种质材料。     

Binding of the Bovine and Porcine Pancreatic Secretory Trypsin Inhibitor (Kazal) To Human Leukocyte Elastase: A Thermodynamic Study

Abstract

The effect of pH and temperature on the apparent association equilibrium constant (K_a) for the binding of the bovine and porcine pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor (Kazal-type inhibitor, PSTI) to human leukocyte elastase has been investigated. At pH8.0, values of the apparent thermodynamic parameters for human leukocyte elastase: Kazal-type inhibitor complex formation are: bovine PSTT – K_a = 6.3 × 10⁴M^?1, δ5G° = -26.9kJ/mol, δH° = +11.7kJ/mol, and δS° = +1.3 × 10² entropy units; porcine PSTI –K_a = 7.0 × 10³M^?1,δG° = -21.5kJ/mol, δH° = +13.0kJ/mol, and δS° = +1.2 × 10² entropy units (values of K_a δG° and δS° were obtained at 21.0°C; values of δH° were temperature independent over the range (between 5.0°C and 45.0°C) explored). On increasing the pH from 4.5 to 9.5, values of K_a for bovine and porcine PSTI binding to human leukocyte elastase increase thus reflecting the acidic pK-shift of the His57 catalytic residue from ?7.0, in the free enzyme, to ?5.1, in the serine proteinase: inhibitor complexes. Thermodynamics of bovine and porcine PSTI binding to human leukocyte elastase has been analyzed in parallel with that of related serine (pro)enzyme/Kazal-type inhibitor systems. Considering the known molecular models, the observed binding behaviour of bovine and porcine PSTI to human leukocyte elastase was related to the inferred stereochemistry of the serine proteinase/inhibitor contact region(s).     

半夏胰蛋白酶抑制剂的纯化与部分性质研究

应用以胰蛋白酶为配体的亲和层析法,从生半夏蛋白粗提液的40％（NH。）：SO4（M／V）沉淀中分离纯化出一种胰蛋白酶抑制剂（Rhizoma pinelliae trypsin inhibitor,RVn）,经SDS．PAGE检测呈现单一条带,分子量为14kD左右,其N-端6个氨基酸残基顺序为DPVVDG。研究表明,其对胰蛋白酶的质量抑制比为l：4．72左右,对人低分化胃腺癌细胞系（BGC-823）的细胞增殖具有抑制作用,IC50值为121．53μg／mL。     

Complete Amino Acid Sequences of Three Proteinase Inhibitors from White Sword Bean (Canavalia gladiata)

Three major serine proteinase inhibitors (SBI-1, -2, and -3) were purified from the seeds of white sword bean (Canavalia gladiata) by FPLC and reversed-phase HPLC. The sequences of these inhibitors were established by automatic Edman degradation and TOF-mass spectrometry. SBI-1, -2, and -3 consisted of 72, 73, and 75 amino acid residues, with molecular masses of 7806.5, 7919.8, and 8163.4, respectively. The sequences of SBI-1 and -2 coincided with those of CLT I and II [Terada et al. (1994) Biosci. Biotech. Biochem., 58, 376-379] except only N- or C-terminal amino acid residues. Analysis of the amino acid sequences showed that the active sites of the inhibitors contained a Lys²¹-Ser²² against trypsin and Leu⁴⁸-Ser⁴⁹ against chymotrypsin, respectively. Further, it became apparent that about seven disulfide bonds were present. These results suggest that sword bean inhibitors are members of the Bowman-Birk proteinase inhibitor family.     

水稻巯基蛋白酶抑制剂的分子修饰与其对稻瘟病菌的抑制作用

水稻巯基蛋白酶抑制剂（ＣＰＩ）经用二硫苏糖醇,对氯汞苯甲酸和碘乙酸修饰后,对木瓜蛋白酶的抑制活性并无改变;用Ｎ－乙基顺丁烯二酰亚胺与ＣＰＩ反应,可以测出ＣＰＩ分子内有１９个巯基被修饰,被修饰后,抑制活性仍无改变,表明水稻ＣＰＩ的抑制活性不需要巯基参与;应用Ｎ－溴代丁二酰亚胺与ＣＰＩ反应,可测出ＣＰＩ分子内有２个Ｔｒｐ被修饰,修饰后,抑制活性全部丧失,表明Ｔｒｐ是保持抑制活性所必需的基团。水稻巯基蛋白酶抑制剂和丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂对稻瘟病菌丝体的生长均有抑制作用,但后者的抑制作用比前者更强,若将两种抑制剂混合使用,则对稻瘟病菌丝体的抑制作用非常强烈;当抑制剂加入量达７２μｇ时,即可产生明显的抑制作用。     

鹰嘴豆种子胰蛋白酶抑制剂的分离纯化与鉴定

为了寻找具有药物作用的天然胰蛋白酶抑制物,采用硫酸铵分级沉淀、离子交换层析(DEAE-纤维素52)及Sephadex G-100凝胶层析等方法, 从鹰嘴豆种子中分离出一种鹰嘴豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂（CPTI）. 研究表明：CPTI对胰蛋白酶有较强的抑制作用,抑制率达80%,而对胰凝乳蛋白酶抑制作用较弱,抑制率为32%, 对胃蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶及枯草杆菌蛋白酶均无抑制作用; 用SDS-PAGE测得CPTI近似分子质量为25.7 kD; CPTI具有较高的热稳定性,在100 ℃下加热60 min,对胰蛋白酶活性仍保持78%抑制率; Lineveaer-Burk作图得知该抑制剂属竞争性抑制类型. 动力学测定显示,来自鹰嘴豆中的CPTI对胰蛋白酶的抑制作用常数(Ki)为3.99×10^-7 mol/L.     

Antifungal Activity of a Bowman–Birk-type Trypsin Inhibitor from Wheat Kernel

A trypsin inhibitor from wheat kernel (WTI) was found to have a strong antifungal activity against a number of pathogenic fungi and to inhibit fungal trypsin-like activity. WTI inhibited in vitro spore germination and hyphal growth of pathogens, with protein concentration required for 50% growth inhibition (IC₅₀) values ranging from 111.7 to above 500 μg/ml. As observed by electron microscopy, WTI determined morphological alterations represented by hyphal growth inhibition and branching. One of the fungal species tested, Botrytis cinerea produced a trypsin-like protease, which was inhibited by the trypsin inhibitor. WTI, as well as other seed defence proteins, appear to be an important resistance factor in wheat kernels during rest and early germination when plants are particularly exposed to attack by potential soil-borne pathogens.     

白菜型油菜种子胰蛋白酶抑制剂纯化及部分性质研究

采用热变性、硫酸铵分步盐析及离子交换层析和分子筛层析等方法,从白菜型油菜种子中得到胰蛋白酶抑制剂(BNTI)。SDS-PAGE检测为单一条带,表明纯化的胰蛋白酶抑制剂电泳均一。SDS-PAGE测定其分子量约为14．4kD,等电聚焦测定其等电点约为4．7。BNTI具有较高的热稳定性。本文还考察了温度对溶液中BCH蛋白构象的影响,荧光光谱和测定抑制活力结果表明BNTI中的色氨酸和酪氨酸残基位于疏水部位。     

The Appearance of New Active Forms of Trypsin Inhibitor in Germinating Mung Bean (Vigna radiata) Seeds

Ungerminated seeds of mung bean contain a single major species (F) of trypsin inhibitor with five minor species (A-E) separable on diethylaminoethyl-cellulose. During germination the level of trypsin inhibitory activity decreases from 1.8 units/grams dry weight in ungerminated cotyledons to 1.2 units/grams in cotyledons from seeds germinated 5 days. This decrease is accompanied by major changes in the distribution of inhibitory activity among the inhibitor species. By 48 hours of germination, inhibitor F has largely disappeared with an accompanying rapid increase in inhibitor C. Similarly, though less rapidly, inhibitor E decreases while inhibitor A increases. A similar sequence of changes is found in vitro when purified inhibitor F is incubated with extracts from seeds germinated 96 hours. The combined in vivo and in vitro data suggest a conversion sequence of: F → E → C → A. The in vitro conversion is inhibited by phenylmethyl sulfonyl fluoride but not by iodoacetamide, indicating that at least the initial phases of inhibitor conversion are not catalyzed by the mung bean vicilin peptidohydrolase.     

菠菜种子胰蛋白酶抑制剂的分离纯化与部分性质研究

以菠菜种子为材料,经脱脂、酸性溶液抽提、热变性、硫酸铵分部沉淀得到胰蛋白酶抑制剂粗提物。再经离子交换、亲和层析和凝胶过滤,分离得到胰蛋白酶抑制剂SOTI,纯化倍数为57．22。SDS-PAGE测定其分子量约为22kD,等电聚焦测定其等电点为4．02。SOTI具有较高的热稳定性,在100℃处理后仍然具有一定的抑制活性。     

Characterization of the Proteinase that Initiates the Degradation of the Trypsin Inhibitor in Germinating Mung Beans (Vigna radiata)

The proteinase (proteinase F) responsible for the initial proteolysis of the mung bean (Vigna radiata) trypsin inhibitor (MBTI) during germination has been purified 1400-fold from dry beans. The enzyme acts as an endopeptidase, cleaving the native inhibitor, MBTI-F, to produce the first modified inhibitor form, MBTI-E. The cleavage of the Asp76-Lys77 peptide bond of MBTI-F occurs at a pH optimum of 4.5, with the tetrapeptide Lys-Asp-Asp-Asp being released. Proteinase F exhibited no activity against the modified inhibitor forms MBTI-E and MBTI-C. Vicilin, the major storage protein of the mung bean, does not serve as a substrate for proteinase F between pH 4 and 7. Proteinase F is inhibited by phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, chymostatin, p-hydroxymercuribenzoate, and p-chlorophenylsulfonate, but not by iodoacetate and CuCl₂. It is not activated by dithiothreitol, and is stable for extended periods of time (10 months, 4°C, pH 4.0) in the absence of reducing agents. An apparent molecular weight of 65,000 was found for proteinase F by gel filtration. Subcellular fractionation in glycerol suggests that greater than 85% of the proteinase F activity is found in the protein bodies of the ungerminated mung bean. The same studies indicate that at least 56% of the MBTI of the seed is also localized in the protein bodies.     

决明子胰蛋白酶抑制剂COTI对菜青虫生长抑制作用的研究

从决明子中分离得到胰蛋白酶抑制剂COTI,利用其缓冲液浸泡油菜叶片饲喂菜青虫(Pieris rapae L)幼虫后,幼虫体重明显下降,分析显示菜青虫中肠提取物中蛋白酶活性受到COTI的抑制,表明决明子胰蛋白酶抑制剂对菜青虫的生长具有明显的抑制作用。     

An Insect-Resistant Transgenic Cabbage Plant with Cowpea Trypsin Inhibitor(CpTI) Gene

Cowpea trypsin inhibitor (CpTI) gene was transformed into Brassica oleracea var. capitara variety "Yingchun" and "Jingfeng" mediated by the Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA4404(pRCL27). Transgenic plants were obtained from transformed calli or explants. It was shown from the ELISA assay that NPT Ⅱgene was expressed in the transgenic cabbage cells. The integration of the CpTI gene into cabbage genome DNA was confirmed by Southem blotting. Insect-tolerance of the transgenic plants to Pieris rapae L. was observed by bioassays on the transgenic plants in the laboratory.