中国五加科楤木属一些分类群的订正

在全面修订五加科檧木属的基础上 ,对中国檧木属几个有问题的种 ,即A .chinensisL .,A .de caisneanaHance,A .elata (Miq .)Seem .,A .stipulataFranch .,A .dasyphylloidesJ.Wen ,A .thomsoniiSeem .exClarke,A .vietnamensisHa,A .foliolosa (Wall.)Seem .,A .armata (Wall.exDon)Seem .,A .finlaysoniana(Walli.exDon)Seem .和A .debilisJ.Wen进行了讨论 ,并对若干名称作了异名处理。     

Phylogeny and biogeography of Aralia sect. Aralia (Araliaceae)

Aralia sect. Aralia (Araliaceae) consists of approximately eight species disjunctly distributed in Asia and North America. Phylogenetic and biogeographic analyses were conducted using sequences of the internal transcribed spacer regions of the nuclear ribosomal DNA. Aralia racemosa from eastern North America was sister to A. californica from western North America. Aralia cordata from eastern Asia did not form a species-pair relationship with the eastern North American A. racemosa. The two subspecies of A. racemosa formed a monophyletic group. Biogeographic analyses showed a close area relationship between eastern North America and western North America. The Himalayas were cladistically basal and eastern Asia was placed between the Himalayas and North America. The biogeographic analysis supported the origin of the eastern Asian and eastern North American disjunct pattern in Aralia sect. Aralia via the Bering land bridges. Comparisons with results of phylogenetic analyses of other genera suggested that (1) the floristic connection between eastern North America and western North America may be stronger than previously thought; and (2) the biogeographic patterns in the Northern Hemisphere are complex. Furthermore, a lack of correlation between sequence divergence values and phylogenetic positions was observed, suggesting the importance of a phylogenetic framework in biogeographic analyses.     

湖南参属的归并及亚洲楤木属(五加科)的一个新种和一些名称的变更

分子与形态证据表明湖南参 (HunaniopanaxhypoglaucusC .J.Qi&T .R .Cao)起源于木属 (AraliaL .) ,湖南参的近缘种为寄生五叶参 (Araliaparasitica)和轮伞五叶参 (Araliaverticillata) ,形态证据支持湖南参为轮伞五叶参的姐妹种 ,此 2种具轮伞花序这一共衍征。为了保证木属的单系性 ,现将湖南参并入木属 ,并作如下新组合 :Araliahypoglauca (C .J .Qi&T .R .Cao)J.Wen&Y .F .Deng .本文报道了湖南参在广西的新分布。目前的形态学和分子数据均不支持早先提出的湖南参与树参属 (Dendropanax)的近缘关系。本文亦报道了木属的 1新种、 2新种组合和 1个新名称 :AraliashangianaJ .Wen .sp .nov .(向氏五叶参 ,新种 ) ;Araliaglabrifoliolata (C .B .Shang)J .Wen .comb .nov . (光叶五叶参 ,新组合 ) ;Araliastellata (King)J.Wen ,comb .nov . (星毛羽叶参 ,新组合 )和AraliadelavayiJ .Wen .nom .nov .(云南五叶参 ,新名称 )。     

中国楤木属一新种

记载了中国五加科一新种太白　木（ＡｒａｌｉａｔａｉｂａｉｅｎｓｉｓＺ．Ｚ．ＷａｎｇｅｔＨＣ．Ｚｈｅｎｇ）     

Allometry of axis length, diameter, and taper in the devil's walking stick (Aralia spinosa; Araliaceae)

The allometry of axis length, diameter, and taper is described for the trunk, rachis, and rachilla of nonbranching ramets of Aralia spinosa. Significant log-linear relationships were found between length and diameter for all axis categories, and in all cases, scaling was negatively allometric. Linear models best described the relationship between length and diameter for the rachis and rachilla, while a quadratic model best described this relationship for the trunk. During the trunk-building stage, the safety factors for trunk height were size dependent, with larger trunks exceeding their predicted critical buckling height. Taper was described by a linear relationship between diameter and position along the axis for all axis categories. All rachises and rachillas sampled exhibited taper along the length of the axis, however, only 51% of the trunks showed continuous taper. The trunk was less tapered than the rachis, but no differences in taper were found between the trunk and the rachilla, or the rachis and the rachilla. In unbranched ramets the large bipinnately compound leaves occupy the space normally occupied by lateral branches. We suggest that the rachis and rachilla are functionally equivalent to branches, that is, acting as axes of exploration and exploitation of the environment.     

辽东(木匆心)木挥发油的成分

本文采用气相色谱-质谱-计算机（GC-MS-DS）联用技术,首次研究了辽东楤木根皮中的挥发性成分,鉴定了37个化合物。成分中以α-姜黄烯（α-curcumene）等为主,含量达15.32％,此外尚含有薁类和大量的萘衍生物。     

中国梁王茶属植物纪要

在有关模式和产地标本研究的基础上 ,依据Wen&Frodin对该属植物的处理方式 ,对中国梁王茶属MetapanaxFrodinexJ .Wen&Frodin (=NothopanaxMiq .)植物的原有两个变种贡山梁王茶 (Nothopanaxdavidii (Franch .)HarmsexDielsvar.gongshangensisShang)、尾叶梁王茶 (Nothopanaxdelavayi (Franch .)HarmsexDielsvar.longicaudatusFeng)进行了分类学修订。结果将Nothopanaxdavidii (Franch .)HarmsexDielsvar .gongshangensisShang归入异叶梁王茶Metapanaxdavidii (Franch .)FrodinexJ .Wen&Frodin (=Nothopanaxdavidii (Franch .)HarmsexDiels)做为该种的新异名 ;并将尾叶梁王茶Nothopanaxdelavayi (Franch .)HarmsexDielsvar .longicaudatusFeng移入Metapanax属下 ,命名为Metapanaxdelavayi (Franch .)FrodinexJ .Wen&Frodinvar .longicaudatus (Feng)R .Li&H .Li;此外 ,对国内有关专著中梁王茶属植物的学名作了相应的订正。     

中国燕尾蕨属（Cheiropleuria C.Presl）植物修订

通过研究燕尾蕨属（Cheiropleuria C.Presl）植物的标本和文献,对过去国内标本馆及文献中有关燕尾蕨属植物的报道进行了订正,确认中国产燕尾蕨属植物2种,即广泛分布在我国华南地区的全缘燕尾蕨（C.integrifolia）和仅产海南的燕尾蕨（C.bicuspis）。     

Generic delimitation of Aralia (Araliaceae)

Aralia, described by Linnaeus, remains a poorly defined genus. Many satellite genera ofAralia have been proposed, and some have been accepted without critical evaluation. These genera includeCoudenbergia, Megalopanax, Parapentapanax, andPentapanax. This study examined the historical background of the establishment of these genera and their diagnostic characters. It was found that (1)Aralia s. str. is a relatively diverse genus; (2) the separation ofPentapanax andParapentapanax fromAralia is unsubstantiated; (3)Megalopanax is synonymous withCoudenbergia; and (4) the boundaries betweenAralia and bothCoudenbergia andPentapanax intergrade. It is proposed, therefore, to mergeCoudenbergia, Parapentapanax, andPentapanax withAralia, which has nomenclatural priority.Aralia is herein defined as consisting of those species in Araliaceae with pinnate leaves, articulated rachises, five to eight-merous flowers, petals imbricate in buds, and articulated pedicels. The revised generic concept requires the following new combinations or new names:Aralia castanopsisicola, A. franchetti, A. gigantea, A. laevis, A. leschenaultii, A. parasitica, A. rex, A. subcordata, A. verticillata, andA. warmingiana.     

Chemical constituents from Schefflera leucantha R.Vig. (Araliaceae)

Processive phytochemistry and pharmacological investigation of Schefflera leucantha R.Vig. (Araliaceae) led to the isolation of fifteen known compounds: a nucleobase (1), six small aromatic molecules (2–7), three phenylpropanoids (8–10), four lignans (11–14) and a fatty acid derivative (15). Spectroscopic methods were used to establish the structure and configuration of isolates, followed by their unambiguous confirmation with literature data. We report for the first time (to the best of our knowledge), the isolation of β-amino-3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzene-ethanol (4) from a natural source. Furthermore, compounds 1, 5, 9–15 are being reported from Araliaceae family for the first time, whereas compounds 2, 3, 6–8 from the genus Schefflera for the first time. The biological screening results show that compounds 9 and 10 induce a moderate inhibitory effect on aldose reductase, while compounds 3, 5, and 8 display significantly high neuroprotective activities.     

Biomechanical properties of the trunk of the devil's walking stick (Aralia spinosa; Araliaceae) during the crown-building phase: implications for tree architecture

During the crown-building phase, the mechanical architecture of the trunk of Aralia spinosa exhibits considerable ontogenetic variation. All trunks were tapered along their length, and taper was dependent on both ramet size and age; older, larger trunks were more tapered than younger, smaller trunks. Trunk specific gravity, % bark, wood, and pith exhibited considerable inter- and intra-ramet variation. Specific gravity increased with both increasing ramet size and age, and declined acropetally in the majority of ramets sampled. Wood specific gravity was generally unrelated to ramet size, age, or position along the length of the trunk. Percent wood increased while % pith decreased with increasing ramet size and age. There was no relationship between % bark and either ramet size or age. Both % bark and % wood tended to decline acropetally, while % pith increased acropetally. On average, 47% of the variation in specific gravity could be attributed to % wood, while 77% could be attributed to % pith. Percent bark accounted for only 14% of the variation in specific gravity. We suggest that the relatively pithy trunk of Aralia spinosa (average range: 4-15%) allows for rapid height growth, but imposes severe constraints on crown architecture and the maximum size attainable by this species.     

Sesquiterpenes and nor sesquiterpenes from Schefflera leucantha R.Vig. (Araliaceae)

One new nor sesquiterpenes, Schesesquiterpene (1), together with nine reported sesquiterpenes and nor sesquiterpenes (2–10) were obtained from Schefflera leucantha R.Vig. (Araliaceae). The structures were determined according to spectroscopic data analysis and chemical evidence. Noteworthily, Compound 7 was isolated as a new natural product, and other compounds (2–6 and 8–10) were obtained from the family Araliaceae for the first time.     

中国秋海棠属等翅组植物订正

根据海南秋海棠 (BegoniahainanensisChunetF .Chun)、多花秋海棠 (B sinofloribundaL .J.Dorr)及一新种———长柄秋海棠 (B sublongipesY .M .Shui)的特征比较 ,订正了中国秋海棠属等翅组 [Sect Petermannia (Klotzsch)A .DC .],使该组在中国增至 3个种。     

Pollen ultrastructure of Panax(the ginseng genus, Araliaceae),an eastern Asian and eastern NorthAmerican disjunct genus

Pollen of ten species of Panax and six species of Aralia was examined in light microscopy and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Grains of both genera have similar complex apertures, short columellae, and overlapping tectal sculptures, suggesting a close relationship. Most species of Panax have pollen characterized by striato-reticulate tecta, short columellae, thick foot layers, costa ectocolpi, and lalongate endoapertures. The eastern North American P. trifolius, commonly known as the dwarf ginseng, has a distinctive pollen morphology and exine structure, supporting the hypothesis of its phylogenetically isolated position. Pollen of the eastern Asian P. ginseng (ginseng) can be distinguished from the eastern North American P. quinquefolius (American ginseng) by differences in ultrastructure. The monophyly of the three medicinally important species, P. ginseng, P. notoginseng, and P. quinquefolius, suggested by triterpenoid data, is not supported by pollen data. The results of the pollen study are generally congruent with those from the sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA.     

中国野青茅属(禾本科)一些种类的修订

在标本室研究和野外考察的基础上,对中国野青茅属的一些种类进行了修订。首次归并了5个类群,即将Deyeuxia pulchella var． laxa P．C．Kuo et S．L. Lu,D．gyirongensis P．C. Kuo et S．L．Lu,Calamagrostis megalantha Keng ex Keng f.并入 D. pulchella (Griseb.)Hook．f.作为异名;将D．venusta Keng,Calamagrostis longiflora Keng ex Keng f．并入D.flavens Keng作为异名;并确认D. compacta Munro ex Hook．f.与D.holciformis (Jaub．et Spach．)Bor是同一种。     

A Revision of the Genus Androsace L. in China (Cont.)

A revision of the Chinese species of Androsace updates our knowledge of the genus by providing a brief historical survey, character analysis, discussion on generic relationships and geographical distribution, and a key to species currently recognized. For the sake of completeness, the key is supplemented by an enumeration, and a record of the known distribution of each species. Furthermore, some specimen citations and additional notes on species previously very incompletly known are also included. Seven new species and two infraspecific taxa are described.     

国产广义大丁草属的订正及地理分布

依据最新广义大丁草属的概念对中国产这一属群的植物进行了订正,亦即中国有大丁草属Leibnitzia Cass,火石花属Gerbera Cass.和兔耳一支箭属Piloselloides(Less.)C.Jeffrey ex Cufod。并对一些名称进行了认真的查考和相应的分类学处理,讨论了相应的地理替代与地质历史的关系。经整理,中国大丁草属含4种,火石花属可能含6种,兔耳一支箭属含1种。以横断山为核心的中国西南部也许是该属群的一个多样化中心和分化中心。     

A Revision of Fritillaria L. (Liliaceae) in the Hengduan Mountains and Adjacent Regions,China(II)

A study was made of Fritillaria crassicaulis,F．delavayi,F． przewaskii,F．davidii,and their related species in the Hengduan Mts．and its adjacent Regions．Of Fritillaria,eight species and one variety are recognized in this area,and names of four species,six varieties,one cultivated variety and one form are reduced as synonyms．