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应用缺体回交法,以部分阿勃缺体为母本,中4为父本,培育出1个对目前条锈病优势小种和新小种高抗至免疫的小麦--中间偃麦草衍生系N9025-3-3-2-1-1。研究表明,该选系在形态学和细胞学上已经基本稳定,染色体构型为2n=42=21“,抗病性来自中间偃麦草(Thinopyron intermedium)。以中间偃麦草DNA为探针,对N9025-3-3-2-1-1进行基因组原位杂交分析结果证明,它为小麦-中间偃麦草异代换-易位系。 相似文献
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研究了小麦—华山新麦草衍生系和小麦—簇毛麦衍生系19份材料苗期对小麦全蚀病菌禾顶囊壳小麦变种的抗病性,对9份抗病性较高的材料进行田间全生育期抗病性测试。结果表明:9份材料在不同生育期抗病性表现不同,苗期抗病性均高,越冬期无死亡;V2代换系、H922—9—12和V9125—2在返青期抗病性较高,病根严重度低于5.5%;H922—9—12和V9129—1在扬花期抗病性表现较好,成穗率可达80%;H922—9—12和V2代换系在成熟期抗病性较高,白穗率在13.8%以下。对照小偃6号高度感病,蒙燕94—4高度抗病。 相似文献
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S. Tang Z. Li X. Jia P. J. Larkin 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2000,100(3-4):344-352
Genomic in situhybridization (GISH) to root-tip cells at mitotic metaphase, using genomic DNA probes from Thinopyrum intermedium and Pseudoroegneria strigosa, was used to examine the genomic constitution of Th. intermedium, the 56-chromosome partial amphiploid to wheat called Zhong 5 and disease-resistant derivatives of Zhong 5, in a wheat background.
Evidence from GISH indicated that Th. intermedium contained seven pairs of St, seven JS and 21 J chromosomes; three pairs of Th. intermedium chromosomes with satellites in their short arms belonging to the St, J, J genomes and homoeologous groups 1, 1, and 5 respectively.
GISH results using different materials and different probes showed that seven pairs of added Th. intermedium chromosomes in Zhong 5 included three pairs of St chromosomes, two pairs of JS chromosomes and two pairs of St-JS reciprocal tanslocation chromosomes. A pair of chromosomes, which substituted a pair of wheat chromosomes in Yi 4212 and
in HG 295 and was added to 21 pairs of wheat chromosomes in the disomic additions Z1, Z2 and Z6, conferred BYDV-resistance
and was identical to a pair of St-JS tanslocation chromosomes (StJS) in Zhong 5. The StJS chromosome had a special GISH signal pattern and could be easily distinguished from other added chromosomes in Zhong 5; it
has not yet been possible to locate the BYDV-resistant gene(s) of this translocated chromosome either in the St chromosome
portion belonging to homoeologous group 2 or in the JS chromosome portion whose homoeologous group relationship is still uncertain. Among 22 chromosome pairs in disomic addition
line Z3, the added chromosome pair had satellites and belonged to the St genome and homoeologous group 1. Disomic addition
line Z4 carried a pair of added chromosomes which was composed of a group-7 JS chromosome translocated with a wheat chromosome; this chromosome was different to 7 Ai-1, but was identical to 7 Ai-2. The
leaf rust and stem rust resistance genes were located in the distal region of the long arm, whereas the stripe rust resistance
gene(s) was located in the short arm or in the proximal region of the long arm of 7 Ai-2. A pair of JS-wheat translocation chromosomes, which originated from the WJS chromosomes in Z4, was added to the disomic addition line Z5; the added chromosomes of Z5 carried leaf and stem rust resistance
but not stripe rust resistance; Z5 is a potentially useful source for rust resistance genes in wheat breeding and for cloning
these novel rust-resistant genes. GISH analysis using the St genome as a probe has proved advantageous in identifying alien
Th. intermedium in wheat.
Received: 17 May 1999 / Accepted: 22 June 1999 相似文献
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摘要:【目的】分析中国家猫中分离的巴尔通体菌株M9HN-SHQ生物学性状和分子特征。【方法】应用含5%羊血的胰酶大豆琼脂培养基在5% CO2培养箱中37℃培养6~7 d,革兰氏和吉姆尼茨染色镜下观察形态;应用VITEK ANI厌氧菌鉴定卡进行生化反应鉴定;气相色谱分析方法获取菌体脂肪酸成份组成(CFA);Etest药敏试条测定对10种抗生素的敏感性;分别应用随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)和脉冲场凝胶电泳(PFGE)技术对目标菌株和其他国际标准菌株等绘制DNA指纹图谱;对16S rRNA,gltA,gro 相似文献
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Biochemical and molecular species identification techniques have a broad range of applications in the management and conservation of marine organisms. While species boundaries are not always clearly defined, phylogeneticists utilise autapomorphic characters to distinguish phylogenetic species. Genetic markers discriminate between marine taxa when traditional morphological distinctions are unclear. The applications of these techniques can be divided into four general categories. Firstly, compliance enforcement, which often depends on genetic identification techniques to enable officials to identify the species to which regulations pertain. Secondly, quality control applications, to allow for the testing of marine products to guard against fraudulent substitution with less valuable species, which is particularly pertinent since processing often obliterates identifiable features. Thirdly, a variety of applications to ecological and life-history studies and conservation management are reported. Here, the genetic identification techniques of species from cryptic life-cycle stages or of morphologically indistinct species are an indispensable tool for marine scientists, conservators and managers. Lastly, the application of genetic techniques for sourcing population origin is briefly discussed. The biochemical and molecular techniques applied to species identification all exploit phenotypic or genotypic polymorphisms that are sampled using either tertiary level protein based methods or primary level DNA based methods. In this review, examples of the applications along with the total protein, allozyme, serological, PCR and other DNA based methodologies are briefly described and some generalities with regard to their use are presented. 相似文献
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生防菌诱导植物系统抗性及其生化和细胞学机制 总被引:8,自引:1,他引:8
生防菌通常可利用竞争、抗生、寄生和交叉保护等直接的拮抗机制抑制植物病害;同时某些生防菌还能促进植物生长,诱导植物对真菌、细菌和病毒引起的病害乃至对线虫和昆虫为害的抗性,称为诱导系统抗性(ISR).ISR具有非特异性、广谱性和系统性,其在表型上与病原菌侵染激发的系统获得抗性(SAR)相似,具有同样的效率;但在寄主植物上不发生过敏性坏死反应(HR),无可见症状,为发展和改善更加安全而环境友好的植物保护策略开辟了新的思路.本文总结了生防真菌和细菌诱导系统抗性及其激发子和信号转导途径等方面的研究进展,重点阐述了寄主防御反应的生化和细胞学机制,并对ISR在植物病害生物防治中的应用前景进行了展望. 相似文献
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利用\"缺体回交法\"以小大麦二体异附加系WBA9816作父本与阿勃缺体小麦杂交,创制小大麦异代换系.F1再用该异附加系回交,回交后代通过细胞学鉴定,筛选2n=43的双单体植株套袋自交,从自交后代群体培育出WBS02126;用原位杂交GISH和染色体C-分带技术鉴定表明,WBS02126为2D/2H异代换系;田间试验结果显示,WBS02126生长发育良好,育性基本正常,表现弱春性,叶片宽厚上挺,叶色淡绿,棒状穗,小穗排列紧密,长芒,早熟,综合抗病性好. 相似文献
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B. Friebe E. N. Larter 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1988,76(3):473-479
Summary A complete set of isogenic wheat/rye D-genome substitutions were produced by crossing an inbred line of spring rye Secale cereale L. cv. Prolific to a tetraploid wheat, the A-and B-genomes of which had previously been extracted from hexaploid wheat, Triticum aestivum L. em Thell. cv. Thatcher. After chromosome doubling, the derived hexaploid triticale (x Triticosecale Wittmack) was backcrossed to 6x Thatcher and selection for wheat/rye substitution lines was carried out in BCF3 to BCF6 families by using Giemsa C-banding. Five fertile disomic wheat/rye D-genome substitution lines were obtained and their chromosomal constitution was determined to be 1D/1R, 2D/2R, 7D/4R, 6D/6R, 7D/7R. The two remaining 3R and 5R substitutions are at the moment in a monosomic condition. Another 1D/7R substitution was detected but this plant was very weak and sterile, indicating that only substitutions between homoeologous chromosomes result in fertile, vigorous plants. Furthermore, many rye telocentrics as well as rye-rye and rye-wheat translocations were selected. Since all lines selected in this program share the same genetic background of Thatcher wheat, genetic heterogeneity is excluded. The material is very useful, therefore, for analyzing the effects of different rye chromosomes or chromosome segments in an otherwise homozygous background.Contribution No. 797 相似文献
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普通小麦-百萨偃麦草(Thinopyrum bessarabicum)二体异附加系的选育与鉴定 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
为转移与利用百萨偃麦草耐盐、抗病等优良基因,用普通小麦中国春-百萨偃麦草双倍体与中国春杂交,通过染色体C-分带、分子原位杂交并结合减数分裂中期I的染色体配对分析,从回交后代中选育出一套小麦-百萨偃麦草二体异附加系。对这套异附加系进行的鉴定与分析表明,各附加系除添加了一对百萨偃麦草染色体外,小麦的21对染色体未见明显变化。各附加系所添加的百萨偃麦草染色体在减数分裂中期I配对基本正常,仅有少量单价体,其自交后代中外源染色体亦能正常传递。这说明所培育的这套二体异附加系在细胞学上已相对稳定,暂分别编号为DAJ1、DAJ2、DAJ3、DAJ4、DAJ5、DAJ6和DAJ7。各异附加系中百萨偃麦草染色体在小麦族中的部分同源群归属和百萨偃麦草耐盐抗病基因在染色体上的定位研究正在进行之中。 相似文献
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卷叶性状是水稻(Oryza sativa)重要的育种指标之一。研究表明,水稻叶片适度卷曲对植株的光合作用、株型及增产等均具有重要作用。该文综述了水稻叶片卷曲的相关研究进展,对水稻叶片卷曲的细胞学形成机制和相关调控基因的分子机制进行了阐述,以期深入阐明水稻叶片卷曲的细胞学和分子机制,促进卷叶性状在水稻育种中的应用。 相似文献
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Variation of wheatgrass chromosomes in wheat-wheatgrass alien addition line "TAI-27"revealed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Transferofaliengenestowheatthroughchromosomeengineeringisoneoftheimportantwaystoimprovewheatgeneticbackground.Thebasicstepsofthisprocedurearefirsttotransferalienchromosomesintowheat,andthentointegratetheusefulgenesofalienchromosomesintowheatchromosome… 相似文献
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中间偃麦草含有丰富的优良基因,在小麦的遗传改良中具有重要利用价值。对从中间偃麦草与小麦品种烟农15杂种后代(BC2F4)中选育的小麦种质系山农0095进行形态学和细胞学鉴定,结果表明:山农0095株高78cm,穗长17.3cm,旗叶长36.3cm,旗叶宽3.03cm,茎杆粗壮,繁茂性好,既长又宽的旗叶、长圆锥型穗是其显著的形态学特征;其根尖细胞染色体数日为2n=42,花粉母细胞减数分裂中期Ⅰ(PMC M Ⅰ)染色体构型为2n=21Ⅱ;它与普通小麦的杂种FⅠPMC M Ⅰ绝大多数细胞出现2个单价体,没有观察到多价体,平均染色体构型为2n=20.08Ⅱ 1.84Ⅰ。以上结果表明,山农0095是一个小麦-中间偃麦草的双体异代换系。 相似文献
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利用细胞学和RAPD方法,对从长穗偃麦草与普通小麦复合杂交后代中选育的抗白粉病小麦种质系山农87074-526和山农87074-551进行了鉴定。结果表明,两种质系的根尖细胞染色体数目均为2n=42,花粉母细胞减数分裂中期I(PMC MI)染色体构型为2n=21Ⅱ;二者杂交F1 PMC MI染色体构型亦为2n=21Ⅱ,两种质系分别与小麦中国春的杂种F1 PMC MI染色体构型均为2n=20Ⅱ 2I,说明两种质系为相同的双体异代系。在苗期和成株期两种质系对白粉病15号菌种均表现免疫,其白粉病抗性为显性,并且来自长穗偃麦草,抗白粉病基因位于它们所含的偃麦草染色体上。从80个随机引物中,筛选出2个引物OPE13和OPH15能在两种质系中稳定地扩增出长穗偃麦草亲本的特异DNA片段。 相似文献
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Substitution of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) chromosomes 7A, 1D, 3A, 3B, 3D, 4A and 4D of cultivar Cappelle Desprez by their homologues of cultivar Bezostaya-1 increased the seedling tolerance to high concentrations of copper (1 M CuSO4 5 H2O). Substitution of chromosome 1A had negative effects on seedling tolerance. 相似文献
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内蒙古紫皮小麦紫皮性状的遗传分析 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
本文对内蒙古紫皮小麦进行了遗传分析。研究了这一材料的来源,普通小麦与内蒙古紫皮小麦杂交后代的细胞学特征,回交一代和杂种第二代的紫皮性状表现,以及内蒙古紫皮小麦、普通小麦和赖草的同工酶。综合研究的结果初步表明,这一紫皮小麦与国外报道的紫皮小麦材料不同。本材料是由普通小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)与赖草(Leymus dasystachys(Trin.) Dilger)杂交,经回交、自交后得到的,而国外报道的紫皮小麦材料是由普通六倍体小麦与四倍体紫皮小麦杂交得到的。内蒙古紫皮小麦很可能是一个异代换系,具有一对来自赖草的染色体,控制紫皮性状的基因在这对外源染色体上,其紫皮性状能稳定遗传,受控于一对显性基因。 相似文献