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1.
中国东北样带(NECT)植物群落复杂性与多样性研究 总被引:18,自引:0,他引:18
李镇清 《Acta Botanica Sinica》2000,42(9):971-978
在更广的意义上考虑群落复杂性的概念,将群落总复杂性分离为基于无序的复杂性和结构复杂性,并以群落的两个原始数据-群落组分(例如种群)数和各组分个体的比例分布为基础,用描述群落的最小剩余码的平均码长L(S)=q/∑/j=1pjlj(其中lj为物种S的相对多度的Huffman码字长度,q是物种数,pj满q/∑/j=1pj=1)测度群落总复杂性,用Shannon-Wiener熵H(S)=-q/∑/j=1p 相似文献
2.
放牧干扰是草地群落植物多样性变化的主要影响因素之一。中国东北样带9个草地群落放牧干扰植物多样性性变化的研究结果表明:中牧或重牧阶段Shannon指数达最大值。形成中牧(重牧)>重牧(中牧)>轻牧>过牧的规律。群落物种丰富度、均匀度与多样性的相关分析表明,均匀度变化对多样性变化具有更大的贡献率。而丰富度呈下降趋势,即轻牧(中牧)>中牧(轻牧)>重牧>过牧。生活型功能群多样性也表现出明显的变化。中国东北样带草地群落植物多样性的分布格局是:草甸草原>典型草原>典型草原>荒漠草原>碱化草甸,并且群落物种丰富度对多样性有更大贡献率。 相似文献
3.
Chen Xiongwen 《Biodiversity and Conservation》2001,10(7):1087-1096
Analysis of information from about 287 sample plots on Northeast China Transect (NECT) indicated that between 1986 and 1994 at latitude 43.48° N to 43.55° N and longitude 124.93° E to 131.28° E, the relative abundance of different tree species changed differently. The change of relative abundance for the moisture-sensitive tree species, such as Quercus mongolica and Larix olgensis, was helpful to detect climate change. Use of GIS software and the and w indices of tree diversity on NECT showed that the areas of high and medium tree diversity decreased, respectively, while the area of low tree diversity increased. The heterogeneity of habitats along the NECT increased with climate change and local human activities. 相似文献
4.
放牧干扰是草地群落植物多样性变化的主要影响因素之一。中国东北样带9个草地群落放牧干扰植物多样性变化的研究结果表明:中牧或重牧阶段Shannon指数达最大值,形成中牧(重牧)>重牧(中牧)>轻牧>过牧的规律。群落物种丰富度、均匀度与多样性的相关分析表明,均匀度变化对多样性变化具有更大的贡献率,而丰富度呈下降趋势,即轻牧(中牧)>中牧(轻牧)>重牧>过牧。生活型功能群多样性也表现出明显的变化。中国东北样带草地群落植物多样性的分布格局是:草甸草原>典型草原>典型草原 >荒漠草原>碱化草原,并且群落物种丰富度对多样性有更大贡献率。 相似文献
5.
Aims Monitoring and assessing diversity change at a large scale is important for any meaningful biodiversity conservation and management. Spatial analysis techniques can provide information about different aspects of diversity distribution including change. We applied some common spatial analysis methods and additive partitioning of species diversity in the Northeast China Transect as a case study to show how to characterize the distribution and change of tree diversity in this area from different perspectives.Methods The field data were collected from the permanent plots conducted every 4 km. The additive partitioning of species diversity was used to characterize the diversity of tree species at different scales. Moran's I was used for identifying the spatial scale of autocorrelation, lacunarity was studied for diversity patch contagion and dispersion and spectral entropy was used for assessing the overall spatial distribution.Important findings Data collected from 1986 to 1994 indicate that the change of α diversity was not significant in the study area, but the change of β diversity was significant. The percentage of α diversity in total diversity (γ) increased from 14.2 to 17.2%, and the percentage of β diversity decreased from 85.8 to 82.8%. For both α and β diversities, the scale of spatial autocorrelation decreased at the scale of 25–40 km and increased around 15–20 and 200 km. The lacunarity of α diversity decreased significantly and there was a sudden change at the scale of 56–68 km, but the lacunarity of β diversity increased across scales. The spectral entropy decreased slightly in α diversity and remained similar for β diversity. By using spatial analysis, we can monitor the diversity change over a large area and also assess the effectiveness of the current conservation strategies. 相似文献
6.
通过对岷江干旱河谷植被及环境因子的系统取样调查,研究了该地区植物群落复杂性及其与环境因子的关系,探讨了群落复杂性与多样性、均匀度、物种丰富度之间的关系.随着海拔的增加,群落总复杂性和结构复杂性均表现为“高-低-高”的变化趋势,表明高海拔和低海拔段有较高的复杂性,中海拔段复杂性较低;位于干旱河谷核心区的样带3、4较北部过渡区样带1、2和南部过渡区样带5、6有着较低的群落总复杂性;不同坡位、坡形及坡向,群落总复杂性和结构复杂性,均表现为上坡位>下坡位>中坡位,凹坡>平破>凸坡,阴坡>半阴半阳坡>阳坡.华帚菊-小黄素馨灌丛的总复杂性最高,西南野丁香灌丛、驼绒藜灌丛的总复杂性最低,橿子栎灌丛和群小花滇紫草灌丛的结构复杂性较高; 群落总复杂性与有机质、全N、土壤含水量、水解N、速效K呈现出显著的二次曲线关系,与全K、全P、速效P、pH值没有明显的相关关系.总复杂性与多样性、均匀度、物种丰富度的关系密切,均呈现显著的线性正相关关系.均匀度和结构复杂性呈现极显著的线性负相关,表明结构复杂性随均匀度的增加而减小.作为群落总复杂性与多样性的区分,结构复杂性对群落内物种数的变化较为敏感,不仅与均匀度有关,还与群落物种数量有关.结构复杂性和多样性作为群落总复杂性的两个组成部分,对总复杂性的影响随着研究区域和群落的不同而不同. 相似文献
7.
Quickly predicting which species are most susceptible to extirpation in a defined area is important for conservation and environmental monitoring. We hypothesised that the susceptibility of tree species to extinction in an area could be inferred by the spatial and temporal dynamics of its populations. Here we use change in population size, population spatial variability, spatial autocorrelation, spatial cohesion, crash rate, and recovery rate to characterise the relative susceptibility to extirpation for seven tree species along the Northeast China Transect from 1986 to 1994. Betula dahurica Pall. and Populus davidiana Dode. were found to have a higher susceptibility to loss than Pinus koraiensis Siebold et Zucc., Betula costata Trautv., and Larix olgensis A. Henry in this area during this time period. The same methods could be useful to monitor and predict the susceptibility of species extinction at a larger regional scale. 相似文献
8.
中国东北样带的梯度分析及其预测 总被引:52,自引:1,他引:52
陆地样带研究已成为国际地圈-生物圈计划(IGBP)全球变化研究的重要手段与热点。中国东北样带(NECT)已被列为IGBP国际全球变化陆地样带之一。该样带在东经112°与130°30'之间沿北纬43°30'设置,长约1600km,是一条中纬度温带以降水为驱动因素的梯度,具有由温带针阔叶混交林向温带草原的3个亚地带——草甸草原、典型草原与荒漠草原过渡的空间系列。该样带上有4个生态实验站。在大量的固定样地、实验调查研究资料与数据的基础上给出了样带的初步梯度分析及在全球变化图景下的预测,包括其地理位置、设置意义、地形地貌、气候梯度、土壤类型、植被类型和土地利用格局,一个遥感数据驱动的模型和NPP模型在整个样带上运行过。今后NECT将在生物地球化学循环(水、C、N、P等与痕量气体CO_2、CH_4等)、生态系统结构、功能与动态、生物多样性、土地利用与土地覆盖、动态全球植被模型(DGVM)以及高分辨率遥感数据应用等方面得到加强,将成为我国全球变化与陆地生态系统(GCTE)与其它IGBP核心项目研究的前沿阵地。 相似文献
9.
中国东北样带关键种羊草水分利用效率与气孔密度 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
沿中国东北样带,从长春到阿巴嘎旗,大约每个经度设1个样地,共10个样地,研究了草原段关键种羊草的水分利用效率、叶片下表面气孔密度和气孔大小的变化,以及它们与年降水量、年均温度、土壤水分和海拔的关系.结果表明:自东向西,随年降水量、年均温度、土壤水分的降低和海拔的升高,羊草水分利用效率有明显增强的趋势,而气孔密度有明显增大的趋势,气孔大小没有明显变化规律并主要与取样时刻开张状态有关,说明羊草气孔数量的增多有利用提高水分利用效率.逐步回归分析结果表明,土壤水分是决定羊草气孔密度变化的第一显著因子,其次是年降水量,说明水分条件是羊草气孔密度变化的主要生态因子.从数据分布散点图、温度和放牧干扰作用的复杂性以及受土壤和地形条件特殊性影响样地的分析表明,羊草水分利用效率和气孔密度对环境变化的响应是非常复杂的,是包括植被利用方式与强度在内的环境因子综合作用的结果,也是羊草长期适应各样地环境的结果. 相似文献
10.
Leymus chinensis is a keystone species in the temperate zone grassland of China. Along the NECT (Northeast China Transect) in 2001, water-use efficiency of L. chinensis was analyzed with δ13C, and changes in the stoma density of its leaves were observed and computed under a microscope. Results showed that the ecological plasticity modulation of the stoma density of L. chinensis and its water-use efficiency were two important mechanisms for its broad ecological adaptability. From east to west along the NECT, the δ13C of the species varied from -27.49‰ to -23.57‰, consisting with the reduction of annual precipitation, soil water and annual average temperature, but increased with the increase of the elevation of sampling sites. The stoma density increased from 96.9/mm2 to 169.5/mm2, indicating that the water-use efficiency for the species was improved along the gradient. The linear coefficient between the two parameters was significant (R2 = 0.7338). The results of a stepwise regression analysis showed that the soil water was the first marked factor for determining the stoma density, and the next was the annual precipitation, which suggested that the water factors were the primary ecological factors influencing the stoma density of L. chinensis. The findings in this study showed that the responses of the stoma density and the water-use efficiency for L. chinensis to environmental changes were very complicated. They may be the outcome operated synthetically by all environmental factors in the long-term adaptation to different ecological environments, including human activity, for L. chinensis. 相似文献
11.
Leymus chinensis is a keystone species in the temperate zone grassland of China. Along the NECT (Northeast China Transect) in 2001, water-use efficiency of L. chinensis was analyzed with δ13C, and changes in the stoma density of its leaves were observed and computed under a microscope. Results showed that the ecological plasticity modulation of the stoma density of L. chinensis and its water-use efficiency were two important mechanisms for its broad ecological adaptability. From east to west along the NECT, the δ13C of the species varied from -27.49‰ to -23.57‰, consisting with the reduction of annual precipitation, soil water and annual average temperature, but increased with the increase of the elevation of sampling sites. The stoma density increased from 96.9/mm2 to 169.5/mm2, indicating that the water-use efficiency for the species was improved along the gradient. The linear coefficient between the two parameters was significant (R2 = 0.7338). The results of a stepwise regression analysis showed that the soil water was the first marked factor for determining the stoma density, and the next was the annual precipitation, which suggested that the water factors were the primary ecological factors influencing the stoma density of L. chinensis. The findings in this study showed that the responses of the stoma density and the water-use efficiency for L. chinensis to environmental changes were very complicated. They may be the outcome operated synthetically by all environmental factors in the long-term adaptation to different ecological environments, including human activity, for L. chinensis. 相似文献
12.
中国东北样带(Northeast China Transect, NECT)是中纬度半干旱区的国际地圈-生物圈计划(IGBP)陆地样带之一, 是全球变化研究的 重要手段与热点。该研究应用生态系统碳循环过程CASA(Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach)模型分析了NECT从1982~1999年植被净初级生产力 (Net primary productivity, NPP)的时空变异及其影响因子。结果表明, 1) 1982~1999年NECT植被NPP为58 ~ 811 g C·m–2·a–1, 平均为426 g C·m–2·a–1, 大体上呈现由东向西逐渐递减的趋势; 2)研究时段内NECT的总NPP变异范围是0.218 ~ 0.325 Pg C, 平均为0.270 Pg C (1 Pg = 1015 g); 3) NECT的总NPP在过去18年内整体呈显著性增加趋势, 其中从1982~1990年样带NPP呈显著性增加趋势, 而后期1991~1999样带NPP没 有显著性变化趋势; 4)沿NECT不同植被类型对气候变化的响应特征是不同的, 在研究时段内, 农田、典型草原和草甸草原表现出最大的NPP增加 量, 而典型草原、荒漠草原对气候变化表现出高的敏感性; 5) NECT植被NPP的空间分布格局是由年降水量的分布格局所决定, 而NPP的时间变异 则由年降水量、年太阳总辐射的变化所影响驱动。 相似文献
13.
Biocomplexity theory is becoming increasingly important in understanding natural vegetation dynamics and interrelation among all components of the ecosystem. In this study, based on the field investigation of plant species and environmental factors (altitude, microtopography, soil water content, and soil nutrients) in an arid valley of the upper reaches of Minjiang River, Sichuan Province, southwestern China, plant community complexity and its relationship with environmental factors, community diversity, species evenness and richness were studied. Both total and structural complexities of the communities showed a “high- low-high” tendency with the increase in altitude of the area, which meant that the complexity of communities was the highest at the sites of low and high altitude, whereas it was the lowest at the sites of intermediate altitude. It was found that the total community complexity had significant quadratic correlations with soil organic matter (SOM) content, total nitrogen (N), hydrolyzable N, soil water content, and available potassium (K), whereas it had no significant correlations with soil total K, total phosphorus (P), available P, and pH value. The total community complexity positively correlated with community diversity, species evenness and species richness, whereas the structural complexity negatively correlated with the community evenness. Of the two components of the total community complexity, namely, the structural complexity and the structural diversity, the structural complexity was more sensitive than the structural diversity to the changes of species in the community, which was not only related to the community evenness but also to the community richness. The relative contribution of both the structural complexity and the structural diversity to the total complexity would be different for different study areas or ecosystems. 相似文献
14.
Minsheng Ye Wenbin Guan Bin Wu Keming M Guohua Liu Xilin Wang Qingyan Chen 《生态学报》2006,(10):3159-3165
Biocomplexity theory is becoming increasingly important in understanding natural vegetation dynamics and interrelation among all components of the ecosystem. In this study, based on the field investigation of plant species and environmental factors (altitude, microtopography, soil water content, and soil nutrients) in an arid valley of the upper reaches of Minjiang River, Sichuan Province, southwestern China, plant community complexity and its relationship with environmental factors, community diversity, species evenness and richness were studied. Both total and structural complexities of the communities showed a “high- low-high” tendency with the increase in altitude of the area, which meant that the complexity of communities was the highest at the sites of low and high altitude, whereas it was the lowest at the sites of intermediate altitude. It was found that the total community complexity had significant quadratic correlations with soil organic matter (SOM) content, total nitrogen (N), hydrolyzable N, soil water content, and available potassium (K), whereas it had no significant correlations with soil total K, total phosphorus (P), available P, and pH value. The total community complexity positively correlated with community diversity, species evenness and species richness, whereas the structural complexity negatively correlated with the community evenness. Of the two components of the total community complexity, namely, the structural complexity and the structural diversity, the structural complexity was more sensitive than the structural diversity to the changes of species in the community, which was not only related to the community evenness but also to the community richness. The relative contribution of both the structural complexity and the structural diversity to the total complexity would be different for different study areas or ecosystems. 相似文献
15.
判别分析是多元统计分析中判断个体所属类型的一种重要方法。以中国东北样带(NECT)作为研究平台,利用判别分析鉴别植物光合功能型。采用国际上先进的植物光合测定系统LCA4便携式光合仪和CID_203便携式叶面积仪在野外所测定的植物生理生态参数,选取51个来自C3功能群的植物种和15个来自C4功能群的植物种构建判别模型,进行光合碳同化途径的判别。用马氏距离和后验概率判别准则进行回判,准确率达到98.48%。利用此判别模型可以根据任一植物的光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度和叶温与大气温度之差4项指标判别该植物的光合碳同化功能型 相似文献
16.
Discriminant analysis is an important method in multivariate statistic analysis to distinguish whatever type an individual should belong to. Based on the field actual photosynthetic data obtained from the research platform--Northeast China Transect (NECT), the concept and principle of discriminant analysis were used to distinguish the different plant photosynthetic types. A number of indices related to plant photosynthetic rate measured by a LCA4 photosynthesis system were selected to build the discriminant model. In this case study, 15 plant species from C4 plant functional groups and 51 from C3 plant functional groups were selected to build a discriminant model. The rate of accuracy, of returned classification using methods of squared Mahalanobis distances from group centroids and posterior probabilities, reached to 98.48 %. With the help of this model, any plants' photosynthetic types could be distinguished simply by using their four related parameters, viz., photosynthetic rate, transpiration, stomatal conductance and the temperature difference between leaf surface and atmosphere. 相似文献
17.
通过田间试验研究了玉米/大豆条带间作群体的根系分布及土壤水分吸收规律.结果表明:水分充足条件下,土壤剖面内玉米和大豆根系的分布模式近似于三角形;玉米根系水平分布范围较大,侧向伸展长度约为58 cm,16~22 cm土层的玉米根系侧向伸展最远,玉米根系不仅分布于间作条带行间,而且生长到大豆条带的行间;大豆根系水平分布于相对有限的区域内,侧向伸展长度约为26 cm.作物根质量密度随着距作物行(玉米或大豆)距离的增加而减少,玉米行和边行大豆根质量密度的90%分布于0~30 cm土层.距玉米行10 cm处玉米的根质量密度高于大豆,距玉米行20 cm处大豆的根质量密度大于玉米,两种作物根质量密度的85%都分布于0~30 cm土层内.间作条带内水分变化主要集中在0~30 cm土层,水分变化量依次为:玉米区域>大豆区域>条带行间.表明在水分充足条件下,间作作物优先在自己的区域吸水,根系混合区吸水滞后发生. 相似文献
18.
利用1km、4km和8km 3种空间分辨率的NOAA/AVHRR数字影像,对中国NECT样带西部地区进行了土地覆盖分类及其景观特征的比较研究。重点比较了几种空间分辨率遥感数据分类结果边界的一致性和空间差异,以及影像所记录的景观格局的差异。为进一步在不同尺度上研究景观变化过程以及尺度转换研究奠定了基础。研究表明:3种空间分辨率的遥感影像所反映的区域土地覆盖的宏观空间格局是一致的,但类型的边界、每一类型斑块的形状和数量均产生较大的差异;经过对反映景观空间结构的4种指标(分维数、破碎度、多样性、优势度)的比较显示出随着遥感影像空间分辨率的变化,影像所反映的景观结构发生了较大的变化。其中,各覆盖类型的分维数表现出最大差异,表征着空间分辨率的变化对斑块复杂程度的影响最大。 相似文献
19.
Haijun Zhang;Shaoliang Zhang;Chengbo Zhang;Ziliang Xiao;Pengke Yan;Muhammad Aurangzeib; 《Ecology and evolution》2024,14(7):e11686
Gullies with lower altitudes compared to the surrounding environment are widely distributed in farmland of the watershed and their numbers are still expanding. However, it is still unclear how these gullies regulate the functional insects in farmland. In this study, land use types combined with the herbaceous plant, herbicide application, soil moisture, topography and climatic factors during crop growth were considered to understand how gullies influence the dynamics of functional insects in farmland from a watershed (240 ha) of Northeast China. The primary findings demonstrate that the richness and abundance of functional insects are generally greatest in gullies, particularly in stable gullies, and decrease in the following order: forest belts, grasslands, and farmlands within the watershed. Notably, the ratios of beneficial insects to pests (BI/Pest) in terms of richness and abundance were lower in gullies before July but reversed after July, in comparison to farmland. Stable gullies exhibited higher BI/Pest abundance and diversity ratios than developing gullies. The richness and abundance of functional insects were higher in the middle sections of gullies compared to their heads and tails. Furthermore, the ratios of BI/Pest were generally lower in farmlands than in any gully position. Functional insect dynamics were mainly determined by season, followed by plant abundance and biomass in the gullies, and rarely by soil moisture in the both watershed and single gullies scales. Generally, the richness and abundance of functional insects in farmland were mainly influenced by gullies, especially influenced by the gully middle position. Insect composition in farmland influenced by stable gullies was stronger than by developing gullies, and stable gullies were more beneficial in reducing the threat of pests to crops in the farmland of the watershed. 相似文献
20.
Distribution and Species Diversity of Plant
Communities along Transect on the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The distribution and species diversity of plant communities along a 600 km transect through the northeastern Tibetan Plateau
(32°42′–35°07′ N, 101°02′–97°38′ E) with altitudes from 3255 to 4460 m are described. The transect started from the Youyi
Bridge of Banma through Dari, Maqin and Maduo to Zaling Lake. The data from 47 plots along the transect are summarized and
analyzed. The mean annual temperature, the mean annual rainfall and the length of growing season decreases from 2.6 to −4.5 °C,
from 767.2 to 240.1 mm, from 210 to 140 days, respectively, along the transect from the southeastern Banma to northwestern
Zaling Lake. The number of vascular plant species recorded in 47 plots is 242 including 2 tree, 34 shrub, 206 herb species.
Main vegetation types on the transect from southeast to northwest are: Sabina convallium forest, Picea likiangensis forest, Pyracantha fortuneana + Spiraea alpina shrub, Hippophae neurocarpu shrub, Sibiraea angustata + Polygonum viviparum shrub, Stellera chamaejasme herb meadow, Potentilla fruticosa + Salix obscura + Carex sp. Shrub, Kobresia capillifolia meadow, P. froticosa + Kobresia humilis shrub, Caragana jubata + S. obscura shrub, Kobresia tibetica meadow, Kobresia pygmaea meadow, K. pygmaea + Stipa purpurea steppe meadow, Stipa purpurea steppe. Plant richness and diversity index all showed a decreasing trend with increasing of elevation along transect from
southeast to northwest. Detailed information on altitudinal ranges and distribution of the alpine vegetation, vascular flora
and environments over the alpine zone at northeastern Tibetan Plateau provides baseline records relevant to future assessment
of probable effects of global climate changes. 相似文献