番红花雄蕊柱头状物的离体再生

以番红花（Crocus sativus L.)雄蕊为材料诱导培养出花柱柱状结构,诱导率可达30％,起源于花丝基部。影响雄蕊柱头状物诱导的主要因素为外植体的发育期和生长素NAA的使用浓度。幼嫩浅黄色雄蕊适于诱导柱头状物。温度和光照在不同激素水平下对雄蕊柱头状物诱导的影响不同。紫外检测表明,由雄蕊诱导出的柱头状物含有番红花甙、番红花醛和番红花苦甙。其含量明显高于由药柱诱导出的柱头状结构。在诱导花魔王、子房、花瓣的柱头状物的过程中,观察到成药逆转现象。     

藏红花瓣状体的诱导与花柱-柱头状物的定向分化

藏红花 (ＣｒｏｃｕｓｓａｔｉｖｕｓＬ .)又名番红花、西红花 ;藏药中称为苟日苟木。它是鸢尾科草本植物 ,原产于欧洲、地中海地区。我国长期以来把它作为珍贵的中藏药。其药用部位是柱头 ,有效成分主要是藏红花素、藏红花酸、藏红花醛和藏红花苦素。丁葆祖等于 1979年首次从藏红花的球茎获得完整的植株[1 ] 。Ｓａｎｏ等人 1987年在离体条件下 ,诱导花柱 柱头状物再生获得成功[2 ] ,此后国内外不断有相关报道[3～ 7] 。但试验大多集中在由外植体直接或由愈伤组织间接诱导柱头状物 ,且花柱 柱头状物的频率低和数量少。我们试图先由藏红花…     

Study on in Vitro Regeneration of Style-Stigma-Like Structure in Crocus sativus L.

Effects of age and variety of explant as well as of exogenous hormones on regeneration of style-stigma-like structure in vitro were observed in saffron. (1) Explants excised from stalk, perianth, anther, ovary, style and stigma showed different reactions in vitro, only young perianth and style could regenerate the style-stigma-like structures; (2) Age of the perianth explant had obvious effect on induction frequency, and the explants excised from an inflorescence of 24mm in length showed the highest frequency (37.5%) and (3) Experiments on exogenous hormones made clear that supplement with K 5mg/L and NAA 4mg/L was advantageous to regeneration of style-stigma-like structure. Induction frequency reached 35.3%. Supplement with 6-BAP 7mg/L and NAA 9mg/L could promote the formation of stigma like structures.     

离体培养下番红花花柱—柱头状物再生的研究

番红花(Crocus sativus L.)幼花被和幼花柱可以诱导花柱-柱头状物的再生,长度为24mm 的花芽上分离的花被具有最高的诱导频率(37.5%);花被外植体附加 K5 mg/L 和NAA 4mg/L 有利于再生花柱-柱头状物,频率达到35.3%;附加6-BAP 7 mg/L 和 NAA9mg/L 则有利于柱头状物的大量形成。     

应用稀土调控藏红花胚性愈伤组织的生长与分化

为提高藏红花（Crocus sativus）胚性愈伤组织的繁殖系数与出芽率,以建立藏红花离体快繁体系,解决其资源短缺问题,采用两步法,用稀土调控其胚性愈伤组织的生长与分化。结果表明,在添加了0.25mg·L-1NAA、3mg·L-16-BA和400mg·L-1CH的B5固体培养基中,0.04mmol·L-1La3＋促进胚性愈伤组织生长的效果最佳,繁殖系数为12,是不添加稀土处理组的1.48倍;在添加了0.25mg·L-1NAA、3mg·L-16-BA和400mg·L-1CH的1/2B5固体培养基中,0.06mmol·L-1Ce3＋促进胚性愈伤组织分化出芽的效果最佳,出芽率高达84.5%,是不添加稀土处理组的1.81倍,且高于国外报道的出芽率（40%）。初步解决了藏红花胚性愈伤组织生长慢和出芽率低等问题,为建立高效稳定的藏红花离体快繁体系奠定了基础。     

马尾松胚乳愈伤组织发生的初步研究

为获取马尾松(Pinus massoniana)单倍体材料，建立其胚乳组织培养体系，对马尾松胚乳不同的消毒方法进行筛选，并分析不同基本培养基、生长调节剂配比和热激处理对愈伤诱导的影响。结果表明，胚乳的最佳消毒方式为75%酒精处理30 s+2% NaClO消毒15 min，外植体污染率为0，死亡率仅为15.56%；生长素可促进愈伤诱导且是必需的；细胞分裂素浸泡种子可代替培养基中的细胞分裂素，并能取得比较好的胚乳愈伤诱导效果，1.0 mg·mL-1 6-BA浸泡30 min处理的效果最佳，在培养基WPM+NAA 2.0 mg·L-1+2,4-D 1.0 mg·L-1+蔗糖30 g·L-1+琼脂7 g·L-1中，愈伤诱导率高达87.78%；培养基DCR+NAA 2.0 mg·L-1+6-BA 1.0 mg·L-1+蔗糖30 g·L-1+琼脂7 g·L-1的胚乳愈伤诱导率最高(68.75%)；热激处理可提高胚乳愈伤的诱导率和质量，以相对湿度85%下45 ℃热激10 min最佳，总愈伤诱导率为66.25%，成团愈伤诱导率达8.75%；增殖培养以培养基WPM+NAA 0.1 mg·L-1+6-BA 2.0 mg·L-1+蔗糖30 g·L-1+琼脂7 g·L-1最佳，增殖率达83.33%。     

Auxin Regulation of Flower Bud Formation in Tobacco Explants

Smulders, M. J. M, Janssen, G. F. K, Croes, A. F., Barendse,G. W. M., and Wullems, G. J. 1988. Auxin regulation of flowerbud formation in tobacco explants.—J. exp. Bot. 39: 451–459. The auxin 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) induces flower budformation in tobacco explants at concentrations between 0.1and 10 mmol m^–3. This regeneration process is completedin 14 d. The presence of NAA in the medium is required onlyduring the first 4 d of culture. In this period the explantstake up NAA at a very high rate, which is proportional to theconcentration in the medium. Due to the high uptake from a limitedvolume, the external concentration diminishes and, as a consequence,the uptake rate declines rapidly. A negative correlation wasfound between medium volume and the NAA concentration optimalfor bud formation. It is concluded that it is not the concentrationbut the dose of hormone taken up during the induction periodwhich determines the number of flower buds formed. Key words: Auxin, NAA, development, tissue culture     

Auxin up-regulates MtSERK1 expression in both Medicago truncatula root-forming and embryogenic cultures

We have cloned a SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS RECEPTOR KINASE (SERK) gene from Medicago truncatula (MtSERK1) and examined its expression in culture using real time PCR. In the presence of the auxin 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) alone, root differentiation occurs from the proliferating calli in both the cultured highly embryogenic seed line (2HA) and a low to nonembryogenic seed line (M. truncatula cv Jemalong). Auxin stimulated MtSERK1 expression in both 2HA and M. truncatula cv Jemalong. Embryo induction in proliferating calli requires a cytokinin in M. truncatula and unlike root formation is substantively induced in 2HA, not M. truncatula cv Jemalong. On embryo induction medium containing NAA and the cytokinin 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), expression of MtSERK1 is elevated within 2 d of initiation of culture in both M. truncatula cv Jemalong and 2HA. However, MtSERK1 expression is much higher when both NAA and BAP are in the medium. BAP potentiates the NAA induction because MtSERK1 expression is not up-regulated by BAP alone. The 2HA genotype is able to increase its embryo formation because of the way it responds to cytokinin, but not because of the cytokinin effect on MtSERK1. Although the studies with M. truncatula indicate that somatic embryogenesis is associated with high SERK expression, auxin alone does not induce somatic embryogenesis as in carrot (Daucus carota) and Arabidopsis. Auxin in M. truncatula induces roots, and there is a clear up-regulation of MtSERK1. Although our analyses suggest that MtSERK1 is orthologous to AtSERK1, which in Arabidopsis is involved in somatic embryogenesis, in legumes, MtSERK1 may have a broader role in morphogenesis in cultured tissue rather than being specific to somatic embryogenesis.     

应用稀土调控藏红花胚性愈伤组织的生长与分化

为提高藏红花(Crocus sativus)胚性愈伤组织的繁殖系数与出芽率, 以建立藏红花离体快繁体系, 解决其资源短缺问题, 采用两步法, 用稀土调控其胚性愈伤组织的生长与分化。结果表明, 在添加了0.25 mg·L^–1 NAA、3 mg·L^–1 6-BA和400 mg·L^–1 CH的B₅固体培养基中, 0.04 mmol·L^–1 La³⁺促进胚性愈伤组织生长的效果最佳, 繁殖系数为12, 是不添加稀土处理组的1.48倍; 在添加了0.25 mg·L^–1 NAA、3 mg·L^–1 6-BA和400 mg·L^–1 CH的1/2 B₅固体培养基中, 0.06 mmol·L^–1 Ce³⁺促进胚性愈伤组织分化出芽的效果最佳, 出芽率高达84.5%, 是不添加稀土处理组的1.81倍, 且高于国外报道的出芽率(40%)。初步解决了藏红花胚性愈伤组织生长慢和出芽率低等问题, 为建立高效稳定的藏红花离体快繁体系奠定了基础。     

火百合花器的鳞茎诱导和增殖培养研究

采用4.5 ～6.5cm长、花苞青色未开放的火百合花蕾作材料,切取其子房、花柱、花丝为外植体进行鳞茎诱导,结果表明:花丝的鳞茎诱导率最高,其次是花柱,子房的诱导率最低。以子房和花柱为外植体诱导出的鳞茎个体大小不一(1～7mm) ,以花丝为外植体诱导出的鳞茎则普遍偏小,但较整齐一致(3～4mm) ;小鳞茎诱导的最佳6-BA浓度是1.0mg/L。研究了基本培养基、6-BA浓度、NAA浓度对小鳞茎增殖的效应及不同蔗糖浓度对小鳞茎增重的影响,结果表明:小鳞茎增殖的最佳培养基是:MS+6-BA2.0 mg/L+NAA0.2 mg/L,4 %蔗糖对鳞茎增重效果最好。     

小黑杨快繁与再生体系的优化

利用已获得小黑杨无菌苗叶片,研究不同培养基和植物激素对不定芽诱导、丛生苗抽茎及幼苗生根的影响。结果表明：培养基和激素对小黑杨叶片不定芽的诱导及幼苗生根有一定影响。小黑杨叶片不定芽诱导的最佳培养基：MS+6 BA 0.5 mg·L^-1+NAA 0.05 mg·L^-1,诱导率为100%。丛生苗诱导的最佳培养基：MS+6-BA 0.2 mg·L^-1+NAA 0.05 mg·L^-1。幼苗生根的最佳培养基有两种：MS+NAA 0.25 mg·L^-1或MH+IBA 0.2 mg·L^-1,生根率大于99%。     

红籽鸢尾高频离体再生条件的初步筛选

红籽鸢尾(Iris foetidissima Linn.)为鸢尾科(Iridaceae)鸢尾属(Iris Linn.)多年生草本植物,原产于西欧和非洲北部。该种的叶鞘呈深绿色剑形,蒴果饱满且蒴果成熟开裂后露出红、橙黄和白等不同色泽的种子并一直垂挂到翌年春天,集观花、观叶和观果为一体,观赏价值较高。另外,该种还具有耐寒性好、在长江中下游地区四季常绿、适应性强及耐粗放管理等优     

大猿叶虫哈尔滨种群的滞育诱导研究

本文研究了光周期、温度和食料对大猿叶虫Colaphellus bowringi Baly哈尔滨种群滞育诱导的影响。结果表明,在恒温20～30℃范围内,大猿叶虫哈尔滨种群滞育率为91.8%～100%,未见明显的光周期诱导反应,但温度对其滞育诱导具有一定的作用,高温可使少部分大猿叶虫继续发育而不滞育。在平均25℃的温周期与光周期L12∶D12条件下,其滞育诱导差异不显著。大猿叶虫取食白菜、油菜、雪里蕻、萝卜和独荇菜5种食料,在25℃滞育率为89.5%～100%;在28℃滞育率为76.9%～100%,食料种类对大猿叶虫哈尔滨种群滞育诱导差异显著,其中,取食独荇菜滞育率最低,取食萝卜滞育率最高。     

产藏红花素1(crocin)愈伤组织的诱导及其细胞系的筛选

对藏红花(Crocus sativus L.) 愈伤组织的诱导条件进行了优化。结果表明：MS 是藏红花芽愈伤组织的最佳诱导培养基,而B5是叶子和花愈伤组织的最佳培养基。藏红花芽、叶和花愈伤组织的最佳诱导温度分别是18℃、25℃和21℃。光照是叶子愈伤组织诱导的有利因素,但不利于芽和花愈伤组织的诱导。1.5～2.0 mg.L-1 NAA和0.25 mg.L-1 6-BA是愈伤组织诱导的最佳激素组合。通过目视法和HPLC方法, 从229株细胞系中筛选出细胞系Corm1,其藏红花素1 的含量是1 677 mg.g-1,生长较快,且不易褐化。为采用植物细胞工程法解决藏红花素1资源短缺问题打下了基础。     

产藏红花素1(crocin)愈伤组织的诱导及其细胞系的筛选

对藏红花(cfocus sativus L)愈伤组织的诱导条件进行了优化.结果表明:Ms是藏红花芽愈伤组织的最佳诱导培养基,而B5是叶子和花愈伤组织的最佳培养基.藏红花芽、叶和花愈伤组织的最佳诱导温度分别是18℃、25℃和21℃.光照是叶子愈伤组织诱导的有利因素,但不利于芽和花愈伤组织的诱导.1.5～2.0 mg·L-1NAA和0.25 mg·L-6-BA是愈伤组织诱导的最佳激素组合.通过目视法和HPLC方法,从229株细胞系中筛选出细胞系Corml,其藏红花素1的含量是1 677 mg·g-,生长较快,且不易褐化.为采用植物细胞工程法解决藏红花素1资源短缺问题打下了基础.     

Somatic embryogenesis from stem and leaf explants of Quercus robur L.

Internodal and leaf segments from pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) seedlings were used as explant source to induce somatic embryogenesis. Auxin treatment influenced embryogenic response, which only occurred in explants initially cultured on media containing 4 mg/l naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and different benzyladenine (BA) concentrations. After 6 weeks of culture on induction medium, the explants were transferred to medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/l BA and 0.1 mg/l NAA, and 4 weeks later, they were subcultured in a growth-regulator-free medium, in which somatic embryos arose through indirect regeneration on the surface of a nodular callus. Somatic embryos were induced in explants of two out of four seedling provenances. The induction frequency ranged from 16% in leaf explants to 4% in internodal explants. Somatic embryos developed two cotyledons, which were translucent or opaque-white in appearance, but anomalous morphologies were also observed. Different embryogenic lines were established and maintained by repetitive embryogenesis in multiplication medium containing 0.1 mg/l BA plus 0.05 mg/l NAA. These results indicate that tissues from explants other than Q. robur zygotic embryos are able to produce embryogenic cultures. Received: 14 July 1998 / Revision received: 2 November 1998 / Accepted: 6 November 1998     

C~(6+)重离子对山黧豆种子的诱变效应

本实验探讨了C~(6+)重离子对山黧豆种子的诱变效应,结果发现,C~(6+)重离子对山黧豆种子的萌发率、成苗率、幼根及幼苗生长速度有着显著的影响,而且辐照剂量与效应呈明显正相关,此外,与~(60)Co-γ射线相比,C~(6+)重离子不仅诱导形成了较高的有丝分裂畸变率,而且还能在所用剂量的低中级剂量范围内(10~2—10~5P/cm~2)产生较宽广的畸变谱,表明C~(6+)重离子照射有可能在辐射损伤较小的情况下产生有用突变。文章还推论了C~(6+)重离子在山黧豆无毒或低毒品系的诱变育种中可能采用的剂量范围。     

The Influence of NAA, BA and Temperature on Shoot and Root Development from Begonia×cheimantha Petiole Segments Grown in vitro

The effect of exogenously supplied NAA and BA on the shoot and root formation in isolated petiole segments of Begonia×cheimantha was determined in vitro on a modified White medium at a constant temperature of 24°C. The best development of normally appearing plants was obtained on media containing 0.01 mg × 1^?1 of NAA and 0.5 to 1.0 mg × 1^?1 of BA. Lower concentrations of BA yielded no shoots, higher concentrations promoted shoot formation, but the shoots were abnormal with malformed leaves. Lower concentrations of NAA resulted in poorer survival rate and no roots, with higher concentrations of NAA many roots developed, but these were thickened and their longitudinal growth inhibited. Temperature proved to be of utmost importance for the induction of shoot formation. Thus significantly fewer shoots were formed at the higher temperature (25°C) than at lower temperatures (15 to 20°C). Temperature immediately after initial transfer was of greatest importance: 25°C, during the first week followed by low temperature, produced very few shoots.     

Effect of Auxin and Gibberellin on Sporulation in Yeast

Effect of auxin and gibberellic acid on sporulation of a yeast, Saccharomyces ellipsoideus, was studied. When added to the sporulation media, gibberellic acid promoted sporulation. The sporulation rate was higher in the medium SGV with vitamins than in the vitamin-free SG, but the effect of gibberellic acid was more pronounced in the latter. Auxin (IAA, 2,4-D, and NAA) inhibited sporulation in SGV, but promoted it in SG. This sporulation-promoting effect of IAA was reversed by an antiauxin, 2,4,6-T. Preculturing in the presence of added IAA increased sporulation. Added to the preculture medium, gibberellic acid alone showed little effect on sporulation, but in combination with IAA it enhanced sporulation conspicuously. IAA and gibberellic acid were effective in sporulation promotion only when added before the nuclear enlargement occurred in sporulation culture.     

The interaction of auxin and cytokinin in the induction of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase in suspension cultures of Phaseolus vulgaris

The dependence of phenylalanine ammonialyase (PAL) induction in bean suspension cultures on the concentration of naphthylacetic acid (NAA) and kinetin has been investigated and the timing of the effect of each hormone has been determined. NAA was required at an optimal concentration of 1 mg l^-1 2 days prior to the increase in PAL activity. Kinetin caused a prapid stimulation of the rate of PAL induction and the total amount of PAL induced in a concentration range of 0.1–0.5 mg l^-1 when it was supplied to the cells immediately prior to the expected rise in PAL activity. The inhibitory effect of 2 mg l^-1 NAA on PAL induction was overcome by an increased concentration of kinetin.Abbreviations NAA naphthylacetic acid - 2,4-D 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid - IAA indole-3yl acetic acid - PAL phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (EC 4.3.1.5.)