The New Flavonoids from Polygonum sphaerostachyum (Polygonaceae)

Two novel flavone glycosides, 3′-hydroxy-5,4′-dimethoxy-6,7-methylenedioxyflavone-3-O-［β-D-xylopyranosyl(1→6)］-β-D-glucopyranoside(1)and5,4′-dimethoxy-3′-isopropenylacetyl-6,7-methylenedioxyflavone-3-O-［β-D-xylopyranoxyl(1→6)］-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), were isolated from Polygonum sphaerostachyum Meisn., and their structures were deduced by spectral and chemical methods. This is the first report on the isolation of flavone glycosides from P. sphaerostachyum.     

四种旱生藓类植物的比较结构学观察

对新疆产的4种藓类植物茎、叶的表面及内部结构进行了观察,结果表明：尖叶大帽藓(Encalypta rhabdocarpa Schwaegr.)茎的中部结构类似于种子植物(单子叶)根的内皮层,其茎表皮也有类似于种子植物表皮毛(腺毛)的腺体。在阔叶紫萼藓(Grimmia laevigata (Brid.) Brid.)茎的中轴部,厚角组织发达,数层皮部厚壁组织也很发达。小石藓(Weisia controversa Hedw.)叶中肋之中有小形厚壁细胞。弯叶墙藓(Tortula reflexa Li)的茎呈多棱形,表皮层具很厚的“树皮状”老皮,其叶表皮细胞密被马蹄形及叉状粗疣。这些特征反映了该类群植物由低等向高等演化的趋势,并可作为分类学依据之一。     

Chemical Structure and NMR of a New Saponin from Dipsacus japonicus (Dipsacaceae)

A new triterpenoid saponin containing five sugars was isolated from the ethanolic root extract of Dipsacus japonicus Miq., and its structure was established as 3-O-［β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→4)］［α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→3)］-β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→3)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→2)-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-oleanoic acid. The sites of glycosylation and the sequence of sugars in the glycoside can be determined unambiguously and total assignment of severely overlapping proton resonance of sugar residues were achieved by a combined use of the 1D-SEMDY and NOE difference spectroscopy in rotating frame techniques, without having recourse to chemical degration or modification. The results showed that these new NMR techniques are very effective and convenient for the structure determination and spectral assignment of this class of compounds.     

慈溪麦冬甙A和B的结构

从浙江慈溪产中药麦冬（Ｏｐｈｉｏｐｏｇｏｎ ｊａｐｏｎｉｃｕｍ）中分离得到２个新的Ｃ２７甾体甙－－慈溪麦冬甙Ａ（２）和Ｂ（３）以及已知甙ｏｐｈｉｏｇｅｎｉｎ３－氧－α－Ｌ－鼠李糖吡喃基（１→２）「β－Ｄ－木糖吡喃基（１→３）」－β－Ｄ－葡萄糖吡喃甙（２）和ｏｐｈｉｏｇｅｎｉｎ ３－氧－α－Ｌ－鼠李糖吡喃基（１→２）「β－Ｄ－木糖吡喃基（１→３）」「β－Ｄ－葡萄糖吡喃基（１→４）」－β－Ｄ－葡萄糖吡     

A New Steroidal Glycoside from Ophiopogon japonicus (Thunb.) Ker-Gawl.

To study the chemical constituents from traditional Chinese herb Ophiopogon japonicus(Thunb.) Ker-Gawl., a new steroidal glycoside, named ophiopojaponin C (1), together with two known ones,was isolated by column chromatography. Spectroscopic and chemical evidence revealed the structures to be ophiopogenin 3-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→2)]-β-D-xylopyranosyl(1→4)-β-D-glucopyranoside (1),diosgenin 3-O-[2-O-acetyl-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl( 1 →2)] -β-D-xylopyranosyl( 1 →3)-β-D-glucopyranoside (2),and ruscogenin 1-O-[2-O-acetyl-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→2)]-β-D-xylopyranosyl(1→3)-β-D-fucopyranoside(3).     

Molecular Cloning and Construction of agp Gene Deletion-mutant in Cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803

Nine compounds were isolated from Elsholtzia blanda (Benth.) Benth. Their　structures were identified with spectral and chemical methods as follows: 5,6-dihydro-6-styry-2-pyrone (1), friedelin (2), 4-hydroxy-3-methoxystyrene (3), 5,2′-dimethoxy-6,7-methylene dioxyflavanone (4), 5-hydroxy-7-methoxy-6-O-［α- L -rhamnopyranosyl(1→2)-β- D -fucopyranosyl］ flavone glycoside (5), 5,5′-dihydroxy-7-acetoxyl-6,8,3″,3″-tetramethylpyran　(3′,4′)　flavone (6), 5,5′-dihydroxy-7-(α-methyl) butyroxyl-6,8,3″,3″-tetramethylpyran (3′,4′) flavone (7), 5,5′-dihydroxy-6,7-methylenedioxy-8,3″,3″-trimethylpyran　(3′,4′)　flavone (8), glucosyringic acid (9). Among them, 6, 7 and 8 are new compounds, named as sifanghaoine Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ, respectively.     

夏至草亲水性化学成分的研究

从夏至草正丁醇萃取物中分离得到6个化合物,运用光谱技术和化学方法鉴定了其中5个化合物的结构,其中1个为无机化合物KNO3（La1)另外4个为苯丙素甙,分别为purpureaside(La2),acteoside(La3),cistanoside B(La4),jionosideA(La5),均为首次从该属植物中获得。     

杜鹃属植物区系的研究

已知世界杜鹃属(Rhododendron)植物约967种（种下分类等级未计算在内）。本文基于植物区系学的观点,讨论了属内8个亚属：常绿杜鹃亚属、杜鹃亚属、马银花亚属、映山红亚属、羊踯躅亚属、云间杜鹃亚属、纯白杜鹃亚属、异蕊杜鹃亚属的系统位置、分布式样。分析了系统发育和地理分布上的时间、空间关系。认为常绿杜鹃亚属和杜鹃亚属是在本属植物起源后的早期阶段就沿不同途径迁徙、繁衍的两个演化枝。自第三纪以来,它们的性状发展多样,种系高度分化。在现存类群中最具原始性状的亚属是常绿杜鹃亚属,这个亚属的云锦杜鹃亚组Subsect.Fortunea,耳叶杜鹃亚组Subsect.Auriculata 保持较多原始性状。种的分布遍及欧洲、北美洲、亚洲、大洋洲(有1种),东亚种类最多,马来西亚次之。中国-喜马拉雅地区既是多度中心又是多样化中心,马来西亚仅是多度中心。大多数种为地方特有性分布,特有现象十分突出,东亚和马来西亚的特有种共约862种,占种总数的89%以上中国有6个亚属(Candidastrum,Mumeazalea不产)约562种,其中特有种约405种。分析第三纪的化石记录,杜鹃属在全球分布的时间、地点,杜鹃属保持原始或古老性状的类群的现代适生地,认为中国西南至中国中部最有可能是杜鹃属植物的起源地,始祖类群起源的时间会是在晚白垩纪至早第三纪。讨论了杜鹃属在第三纪至第四纪向北半球北部的传布,向亚洲西南、亚洲东南和向东亚的传布以及向大洋洲的传布。从杜鹃属在全球传布的现象和途径,看来现代分布格局形成的原因取决于三方面的因素：时间和窨历史对植物繁衍、传播有着重要制约作用,并受制于植物种系自身具有的遗传性和对环境强烈变化的反应能力。     

怒茶素--怒江山茶的一个新黄酮甙

用葡聚糖凝胶和树脂层析技术从云南省昆明地区产怒江山茶（Ｃａｍｅｌｌｉａ ｓａｌｕｅｎｅｎｓｉｓ Ｓｔａｐｆ ｅｘ Ｂｅａｎ）的鲜叶中分离到１１个酚类化合物,其中１０个分别鉴定为已知的槲皮素类黄酮化合物及原花色素类化合物。另１个为新的黄酮甙,经光谱与化学方法测定,其化学结构为槲皮素－３－Ｏ－β－Ｄ－木吡喃糖基（１→２）－α－Ｌ－鼠李吡喃糖基（１→６）－β－Ｄ－葡萄吡喃糖甙,命名为怒茶素。     

大叶吊兰中一个新的甾体皂甙

从百合科植物大叶吊兰（Ｃｈｌｏｍｐｈｙｔｕｍ ｍａｌａｙｅｎｓｅ）根茎中分离得到１个新的呋甾烷型甾体皂甙,命名为大叶吊兰甙Ｅ（ｃｈｌｏｒｏｍａｌｏｓｉｄｅ Ｅ）。经波谱和化学方法证明明其结构为：２６－０－β－Ｄ－ｇｌｕｃｏｐｙｒａｎｏｓｙｌ－２２－ｈｙｄｒｏｘｙ－２５（Ｓ）－５ａ－ｆｕｒｏｓｔａｎ－１２－ｏｘｏ－３β,２６－ｄｉｏｌ－３－β－Ｄ－ｘｙｌｏｐｙｒａｎｏｓｙｌ（１→３）〖α－Ｌ－ａｒａ     

被子植物系统发育研究的现状与展望

为植物界最大的类群—被子植物建立一个能真正反映植物的进化历史和系统发育（phylogeny）的分类系统一直是许多植物系统学家和进化学家所向往的。到目前为止,已经提出的被子植物分类系统至少有二十多个。问题在于这样的分类系统能否说已符合于系统发育的要求？要回答这个问题,首先必须弄清系统发育的真正含义是什么。     

Two New Saponins from Lysimachia capillipes Hemsl.

To investigate the saponins from whole plants of Lysimachia capillipes Hemsl., two new saponins, named capilliposide E (1) and capilliposide F (2), were isolated. The structures of the new sa ponins were elucidated as 3 β, 22α-dihydroxy- 16α-acetat-28→ 13 -lactone-oleanane-3 -O- [β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→2)-α-L-arabinpyranoyl]-22-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1) and 3 β, 22α-dihydroxy- 16α-acetat-28→ 13-1actone-oleanane-3-O- { [β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)]-α-L-arabinpyranoyl }-22-O-βD-glucopyranoside (2). The structures of these compounds were determined by 1D- and 2D-NMR, MS techniques, and chemical methods.     

Glycosylation of trans-Resveratrol by Plant-Cultured Cells

Plant-cultured cells of Catharanthus roseus converted trans-resveratrol into its 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, 4'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, 3-O-(6-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside, and 3-O-(6-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside. The 3-O-(6-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside and 3-O-(6-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside compounds of trans-resveratrol are both new. Incubation of plant-cultured cells of Ipomoea batatas and Strophanthus gratus with trans-resveratrol gave trans-resveratrol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside and trans-resveratrol 4'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside.     

Isolation and Structural Determination of a Glucan from the Spores of Ganoderma lucidum

A water soluble, (1→6)-branched, (1→4)linked D-glucan (LB-B1),［α］21D=+174.2° (c 0.87, H2O), was obtained from a hot-water extract of the sporoderm-broken spores of Ganoderma lucidum (Fr.) Karst by HPSEC, with 0.001 mol/L sodium hydroxide as the eluant, the molecular weight ( Mw ) of LB-B1 was estimated to be 9.3×103. From the results of total hydrolysis, methylation analysis, acetolysis and 1D, 2D NMR experimentation, it was concluded that LB-B1 was composed of repeating units with the following structure:α-D-Glcp-(1→6)-α-D -Glcp-(1→6)-α-D-Glcp １↓6→4)-α- D -Glcp-(1→4)-α- D -Glcp-(1→4)-α- D -Glcp-(1→4)-α-D-Glcp-(1→4-)-α-D-Glcp-(1→)n     

金铁锁的新三萜皂甙

从金铁锁（Psammosilene tunicoides W.C.Wu et C.Y.Wu)根部分离得到5个齐墩果烷型五环三萜皂苷,它们的结构通过波谱和化学方法分别鉴定为：3-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl-gypsogenin(1),3-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl-gypsogenin(2),3-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucuronopyra-nosyl-gypsogenin-28-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→4)-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)]-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→2)-β-D-fucopyranoside(LobatosideI,3),3-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-glucuronopyranosylgypsogenin-28-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→4)-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)]-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→2)-β-D-fucopyranoside(4),3-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→）-β-D-glucuro-nopyranosyl-grpsogenin-28-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→4)-[β-D-6-O-acetylglucopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-glucuro-nopyranosyl-gypsogenin-28-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→4)-[β-D-6-O-acetylglucopyranosyl-(1→3)]-α-L-rh-amnopyranosyl(1→2)-β-D-fucopyranoside(5),其中5为新化合物,1和2为首次从自然界中分离得到。     

虎尾草化学成分研究

从虎尾草Lysimachia barystachys地上部分中分得8个已知黄酮苷类化合物,通过波谱解析其结构分别鉴定为槲皮素(1),山奈酚(2),金丝桃苷(3)、芦丁(4)、3,5,7,3',4'-五羟基黄酮-3-O-(2,6-二-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖)-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷(5),3,5,7,3',4'-五羟基黄酮-7-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖-3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖(1-2)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(6),3,5,7,4'-四羟基黄酮-3-O-(2,6-二-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖)-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷(7),3,5,7,4'-四羟基黄酮-7-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖-3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖(1-2)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(8).这些化合物除3,4外均为首次从该植物中分离得到.     

Triterpenoid Saponins from Pulsatilla cernua (Thunb.)

To investigate saponins from the roots of Pulsatilla cernua (Thunb.) Bercht. et Opiz., two new compounds together with five known triterpenoid saponins were isolated. The structures of the two new triterpenoid saponins, named cernuasides A and B, were elucidated as 3-O-[β-D-xylopyranosyl(1→2)]-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→4)]-α-Larabinopyranosyl hederagenin 28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester (compound 1) and 3-O-[α-L-arabinopyranosyl(1→3)]-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1→2)]-α-L-arabinopyranosyl hederagenin 28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester (compound 2) by 1D, 2D-NMR techniques, ESIMS analysis, as well as chemical methods.     

Triterpenoid Saponins from Pulsatilla cernua (Thunb.)Bercht. et Opiz.

To investigate saponins from the roots of Pulsatilla cernua (Thunb.) Bercht. et Opiz., two new compounds together with five known triterpenoid saponins were isolated. The structures of the two new triterpenoid saponins, named cernuasides A and B, were elucidated as 3-O-[β-D-xylopyranosyl(1→2)]-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→4)]-α-Larabinopyranosyl hederagenin 28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester (compound 1) and 3-O-[α-L-arabinopyranosyl(1→3)]-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1→2)]-α-L-arabinopyranosyl hederagenin 28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester (compound 2) by 1D, 2D-NMR techniques, ESIMS analysis, as well as chemical methods.     

Furostanol glycosides from Trigonella foenum-graecum seeds

Two new furostanol glycosides trigofoenosides A and D have been isolated from the Trigonella foenum-graecum seeds as their methyl ethers, A-1 and D-1. Their structures have been determined as (25S)-22-O-methyl-furost-5-ene-3β,26-diol, 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1 → 2)-β-D-glucopyranoside; 26-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (A-1) and (25S)-22-O-methyl-furost-5-ene-3β,26-diol, 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1 → 2)-[β-D-glucopyranosyl (1 → 3)]-β-D-glucopyranoside; 26-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (D-1).     

南山茶果皮化学成分的研究

反复采用硅胶柱色谱法、Sephadex LH-20柱色谱法、ODS柱色谱法、反复重结晶等方法对南山茶果皮的化学成分进行分离纯化,并通过理化常数测定和波谱分析等方法进行结构鉴定。从南山茶果皮中分离并得到了10个化合物,分别鉴定为槲皮素(1)、山奈酚(2)、原儿茶酸(3)、山柰酚-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖基-(6→1)-2′′′,4′′′-O-二乙酰基-α-L-鼠李糖基-(3→1)-2′′′′,3′′′′,4′′′′-O-三乙酰基-α-L-鼠李糖苷(4)、山柰酚-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖基-(6→1)-4′′′-O-乙酰基-α-L-鼠李糖基-(3→1)-3′′′′-O-乙酰基-α-L-鼠李糖苷(5)、3-甲氧基鞣花酸(6)、鞣花酸(7)、羽扇豆烷醇(8)、β-谷甾醇(9)和胡萝卜苷(10)。化合物2、6、7均为首次从南山茶中分离得到,其中化合物6、7为首次从山茶属植物中分离得到。