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1.
大吴风草(菊科:千里光族)的核形态及其系统学意义 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
研究了大吴风草属的核形态,染色体间期为复杂型;前期 色体为中间型,染色体长度从3.70μm到2.64μm,平均长度为3.20μm;核型公式为2n=60=14m 26sm 20st(4SAT),为3A类型。过去认为大吴风草属与橐吾属接近,并比之原始,但染色体和花粉特征并不支持这种处理。 相似文献
2.
研究了款冬属的核形态。染色体间期为简单型与复杂型的过渡型;前期染色体为近基型与中间型的过渡型。染色体较小,核型不对称,具明显的二型性;数目与核型公式为2n=60=42m+10sm+6st+2t。比较发现款冬的核型明显不同于千里光族中已有的核型记载,其核型特征似乎与它独特的形态特征相联系,具有重要的系统学意义。 相似文献
3.
Reported in this paper was the karyomorphology of the monotypic genus Pomatosace Maxim. The interphase nuclei and prophase chromosomes of P. filicula Maxim. were categorized to be complex chromocenter type and interstitial type respectively; themetaphase chromosomes were counted to be 2n = 20, ranging in length from 6.4µm to 4.1µm; the karyotype was formulated as 2n= 18m + 2sm, with the karyotype asymmetry belonging to 2A. The similar karyomorphological characteristics of interphase nuclei and prophase chromosomes between Pomatosace and Androsace, together with the similar sizeand morphology of their metaphase chromosomes, support the viewpoint that they are closelyrelated. 相似文献
4.
本文研究了星叶草属的核形态。其间期核和前期染色体分别为简单染色中心型和中间型;中期染色体较小,长度介于3.00μm到1.20μm之间;核型公式为2n=30=22m+8sm。其明显很高的染色体基数以及其它退化和特化的形态学性状,表明该属是一个孑遗的古多倍体类群。该属与独叶草属在间期核形态、前期染色体形态以及中期染色体的大小和形态方面极为相似。结合其它方面的资料,本文认为星叶草属和独叶草属有较近的亲缘关系,支持将它们一起置于星叶草科的观点。 相似文献
5.
The present paper reports the chromosome numbers and karyotypes of five species in Polygonatum from Anhui of China. The materials used in this work are listed in Table 1, Photomicrographs of somatic metaphase and karyograms of the five species of Polygonatum in Plate 1, 2, 3, the idiograms in
Fig. 1-11 and a comparison of the karyotype of them is provided in Table 2. The results are shown as follows:
1. Polygonatum odoratum (Mill.)Druce
Two materials were examined. One from Mt. Huangshan, Anhui, has 2n= 16 = 10m (3sc)+ 6sm (Plate 1 :A, B). The idiogram is shown in Fig. 1. The chromosomes range in length from 2.85 to 8.85 μm, with the total length 48.63μm and the ratio of the longest to the shortest 3.11, The karyotype belong to Stebbins’(1971) 2B. The two chromosomes of the first pair have arm ratios 1.01 and 1.29 respectively, and The first pair has one chromosome carrying a satellite attached to the short arm, showing heterozyosity .The chromosome num ber of 2n= 16 in P. odoratum and its karyotype are reported for the first time.
The other from Langyashan, Chu - xian, Anhui, is found to have 2n = 18 = 10m (Isc)+2sm+6st(2sc) (Plate 1: C, D). The idiogram is shown in Fig. 2. The chromosomes range in length from 2.43 to 8.29μm, with the total length 46.67µm and the ratio of the longest to the shortest 3.41. The karyotype is also of 2B. In a somatic chromosome complement the 2nd pair have one chromosome carrying a satellite attached to the long arm, showing heterozygosity.
2. Polygonatum filipes Merr.
Two materials were examined. One from the Huangshan, Anhui is found to have two cytotypes: 2n= 16 and 2n=22. This paper reports one of them. The karyotype formula is 2n=22=8m+8sm(2sc)+6st(Plate 3: Q, R). The idiogram is shown in Fig. 3. The chromosomes range in length from 2.55- 5.85μm, with the total length 45.01 μm and the ratio of the longest to the shortest 2.29. The karyotype belongs to 3B.
The other material from the Fangchang, Anhui, is shown to have four cytitypes: 2n= 14, 2n= 16, 2n=20 (Plate 3: W) and 2n=22. This paper reports two of them.
Type I: the karytype formula is 2n=14=10m+4sm (Plate 3: S, T). The idiogram is shown in Fig. 5. The chromosomes range in length from 2.59 to 7.61μm, the total length 37.44μm and the ratio of the longest to the shortest is 2.94. the karyotype belongs to 2B.
Type II :The karyotype formula is 2n=16=8m+4sm+4st (Plate 3: U, V).
The idiogram is shown in Fig. 4. The chromosomes range in length from 2.65 to
8.21 μm, the total length 46.01 μm and the ratio of the longest to the shortest
3.10. The karyotype belongs to 2B.
The chromosome numbers of 2n=20, 2n= 14 and 2n=22, and karyotype of
2n= 14 and 2n=22 in P. filipes are reported for the first time.
3. Polygonatum cytonema Hua
Two materials were examined. One from the Langyashan, Chuxian, anhui, is found to have 2n = 18 = 8m (2sc)+ 6sm+ 4st (Plate 2: K, L). The idiogram is shown in Fig. 7. The chromosomes range in length from 3.41 to 9.21 μm, the total length 56.34μm and the ratio of the longest to the shortest is 2.70. The karyotype belongs to 2B.
The other material from the Huangshan, Anhui, has two cytotypes: 2n=20 and 2n= 22. Type I: The karyotype formula is 2n= 20= 8m+ 6sm+ 6st (Plate 2: M, N). The idiogram is shown in Fig. 8. The chromosomes range in length from 1.75 to 5.03μm, with the total length 32. 91μm and the ratio of the longest to the shortest 2. 87. The karyotype is also of 2B. Type II: The karyotype formula is 2n=22=6m+ 8sm+4st+ 4t (Plate 2: O, P ). The idiogram is Shown in Fig. 10. The chromosomes range in length from 1.75 to 4.95 μm, with total length 35.05μm and the ratio of the longest to the shortest 2.83. The karyotype brlongs to 3B.
4. Polygonatum desoulayi kom.
The material from Xuancheng, Anhui, is found to have karyotype 2n = 22 = 10m (2sc) + 6sm (lsc) + 6st ( Plate 2. I, J). The idiogram is shown in Fig. 6. The chromosomes range in length from 1.86 to 5.61μm, with the total length 41.98μm and the ratio of the longest to the shortest 3.02. The karyotype is also of 3B. The first pair has one chromosome carrying a satellite attached to the long arm, showing heterozygosity. The chromosome number and karyotype of Chinese material are reported for the first time.
5. Polygonatum verticillatum (L.) All. The material from the Langyashan, Chuxian, Anhui is found to have two cytotypes. Type 1: the karyotype formula is 2n = 18 = 2m+ 2sm+ 10st+ 2t+ 2T (Plate 1: G, H). The idiogram is shown in Fig.9. The chromosomes range in length from 1.86 to 4.03μm, with total length 28.28μm and the ratio of the longest to the shortest 2.17. The karyotype classification belongs to 3B. Type II: The karyotype formula is 2n=24=6m+4sm+12st+2T (Plate 1: E, F). The idiogram is shown in Fig. II. The chromosomes range in length from 2.01 to 5.03μm, with total length 41.36μm and the ratio of longest to shortest 2.50. The karyotype is also of 3B. The chromosome numbers and karyotypes of Chinese material are reported for the first time. 相似文献
6.
The chromosome numbers and karyotypes of 7 species of Smilax L. in Liliaceae (s. 1.) are cytotaxonomically studied in this work. Their karyotypic characters, distinction between the species and the chromosomal basis of sexual differentiation are discussed. The karyotypes of most species are first reported. The results are shown as follows (see Tables
1-4 for the chromosome parameters and the karyotype constitution; Fig. 1 for their idiograms): 1. Smilax nipponica Miq. The species is one of the herbaceous species distributed in East Asia. Two karyotypes, 2n = 26(type A) and 2n = 32 (type B), are found in the species (Plate 1: 1-7). The karyotype of No. 88032 (uncertain of -L--M--S- sexuality) is 2n = 26 = 2m + 6st + 6m + 4sm + 6sm + 2st. The karyotype has 4 pairs of L chromosomes, of which the first three pairs are subterminal, and the 4th
is median. The karyotype belongs to 3B. No. 88045 (the male) and No. 88046
(the female) have 2n = 32. Their karyotypes are basically uniform, and both are -L--M-- S
2n=32= 2m+4sm+ 2st+ 2m+4sm+ 6m+ 10sm + 2st, also with 4 pairs of L
chromosomes, but the 2nd pair is median, and thus different from the type A. The
karyotype belongs to 3B. The first pair of chromosomes of the male are distinctly
unequal in length, with the D. V. (0.93) of relative length between them obviously
greater than that of the female (0.1). The pair seems to be of sex-chromosomes.
Sixteen bivalents (n= 16) were observed at PMCs MI of No. 88045 (Plate 1: 4).
The major difference between the karyotypes A and B are greater relative length
of L chromosomes in the type A than in the type B, and the increase of chromosome number in the karyotype B mainly due to the increase of st chromosomes. Nakajima (1937)reports 2n= 30 for S. hederacea var. nipponica (=S. nipponica,
Wang and Tang, 1980).
2. S. riparia A. DC. This species is also herbaceous, distributed in East Asia. Thirty chromosomes were found in root-tip cells (uncertain of sexuality). The kar -L--M--S-yotype is 2n = 30 = 8st + 6sm + 2st + 6m + 6sm + 2st (Plate 3: 1, 5), consisting
mainly of sm and st chromosomes. There are 4 pairs of L chromosomes which are
all subterminal and the m chromosomes appear to fall all into S category. Though
the karyotype belongs to 3B, it is less symmetrical than that of S. nipponica. The
species is karyologically rather different from S. nipponica, therefore. The first pair
of chromosomes of this material are unequal in length, and it may be a male. The
karyotype of this species is first reported.
3. S. sieboldii Miq. The species is a thorny climbing shrub, distributed in
East Asia. At PMCs All, 16 chromosomes (n= 16) were found (Plate 2: 6), in
accordance with Nakajima's (1933) report for a Japanese material.
4. S. china L. This species, a thorny climbing shrub, is of a wide distribution range mainly in East Asia and Southeast Asia. Two karyotypes were observed
in different populations. (1) The population from Xikou has 2n = 96(6x) = 20st+L- -M- 6t + 6sm + 12st + 52(S) (Plate 3:7), of which the first three pairs of chromosomes are terminal, different from those in the other species. The arm ratios of
both L and M chromosomes are larger than 2.0, which resembles those of S. davidiana. (2) PMCs MI of the population from Shangyu shew 15 chromosomes (n
15). The hexaploid of the species is recorded for the first time. Hsu (1967,1971)
reported 2n = 30 from Taiwai and Nakajima (1937) recorded n = 30 from Japan,
which indicates that the karyotype of the species varies not only in ploidy, but
also in number.
5. S. davidiana A. DC. The somatic cells were found to have 32 chromosomes, and PMCs MI shew 16 bivalents (Plate 2: 1-5). The karyotype is 2n = 32=-L- -M- -S 8st + 4sm + 4st + 8sm + 8st. The karyotype belongs to 3B, and is less symmetrical than those in herbaceous species. The D. V. (0.20) of relative length between
the two homologues of the first pair is slightly larger in the male than in the female (0.14), and it is thus difficult to determine whether they are sexual chromosomes or not.
6. S. glabra Roxb. The species is a non-thorny climbing shrub, distributed
in East Asia and Southeast Asia. 32 chromosomes were found in somatic cells. The
-L- -M- - Skaryotype is 2n= 32= 8st + 10st+6sm+8st (Plate 3: 2, 6),with only 3 pairs
of sm chromosomes (12, 13 and 16th). The karyotype is more asymmetric than
that of S. davidiana, although it is also of 3B (Table 1). The karyotype is first
reported for the species.
7. S. nervo-marginata Hay. var. liukiuensis (Hay.) Wang et Tang The variety
has a relatively narrow distribution range, mainly occurring in eastern China. The
chromosomal number of somatic cells is 2n= 32 (Plate 3: 3-4). The karyotype is
-L- -M- -S
2n = 32 = 2sm + 6st + 2sm + 2st + 2m + 6sm + 12st, evidently different from that
of S. glabra. The first pair of chromosomes are submedian, and much longer than
the 2nd to 4th pairs. The ratio in length of the largest chromosome to the smallest
one is 4.3. The symmetric degree is of 3C, a unique type. The karyotype of the
species is reported for the first time.
In Smilax, the known basic numbers are 13, 15, 16 and 17. The two herbaceous species
distributed in East Asia have three basic numbers: 13, 15 and 16, while the woody species studied mainly have 16, with no 13 recorded. Mangaly (1968) studied 8 herbaceous species in North
America and reported 2n=26 for them except S. pseudo-china with 2n=30. Mangaly considered that a probably ancestral home of Smilax, both the herbaceous and woody, is in Southeast
Asia and the eastern Himalayas, and speculated that the ancestral type of Sect. Coprosmanthus is possibly an Asian species, S. riparia. The karyotypes of the two herbaceous species in
East Asia consist mostly of sm and m chromosomes, whereas those for the North American
species are all of st chromosomes. Based on the general rule of karyotypic evolution, i.e. from
symmetry to asymmetry, his speculation seems reasonable.
Researches on sex-chromosomes of Smilax have been carried out since 1930 (Lindsay, 1930;
Jensen, 1937; Nakajima, 1937; Mangaly, 1968), and they are generally considered to be the
largest pair, but there is still no adequate evidence. The result of our observation on S. nipponica
may confirm that the first pair of chromosomes of this species is XY type of sex-chromosomes.
Chromosomes of the genus are small and medium-sized, varying between 1-6 μm, slightly
larger in herbaceous species than in woody ones, larger in the karyotype of 2n=26 than in
that of 2n=32. Based on karyotype constitution of the above 5 species, the karyotype in the
genus is characterized by 4 pairs of L chromosomes and 2-5 pairs of M chromosomes, and
mostly st and sm chromosomes, and by rather asymmetrical 3B type. The degree of symmetry
in the above 5 species is from Sect. Coprosmanthus to Sect. Coilanthus, and herbaceous species towoody ones. 相似文献
7.
唇形科独一味属和五种糙苏属植物的核形态研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
首次报道了唇形科Lamiaceae独一味属Lamiophlomis和五种糙苏属Phlomis植物的染色体数目和核型。它们的间期核均属球状前染色体型,有丝分裂前期染色体均为中间型。中期染色体核型公式如下:独一味L.rotata,2n=2x=22=18m 4sm;糙苏P.umbrosa,2n=2x=22=22m;裂萼糙苏P.ruptilis,2n=2x=22=22m;假秦艽P.betonicoides,2n=2x=22=22m;黑花糙苏P.melanantha,2n=2x=22=22m(2sat);糙毛糙苏P.strigosa,2n=6x=66=60m 6sm;染色体基数均为x=11。这表明独一味与糙苏属的糙苏组sect.Phlomoides植物具有相同的染色体基数,反映出两者较为密切的系统演化关系,推断独一味很可能是糙苏属的一个种。 相似文献
8.
东方五福花的核型分析 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
东方五福花体细胞染色体数为2n=108,其中包含32个中部着丝点染色体,24个近中着丝点染色体,20个近端部着丝点染色体和32个端部着丝点染色体。其核型公式可概括为:2n=108=32m+22sm+20st+32t。 相似文献
9.
10.
本文报道了车前属两种车前的核型。Plantago lessingii为2n=12,核型属于“2A”,核型公式为K(2n)=12=10m+2sm;P. mmuta为2n=12,核型仍属“2A”型,核型公式K(2n)=12=8m+2sm+2st。染色体相对长度组成,前者2n=2L+4M2+4M1+2S1,后为2n=6M2+6M1,染色体总长分别为30.60、29.80,由12条染色体组成,还测量了这两种车前的染色体体积。 相似文献
11.
亚洲苦草与刺苦草的染色体数目和核型 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文以亚洲苦草和刺苦草根尖为实验材料,对其染色体数目及核型进行了研究,结果表明,两个种均为2n=20,同属Stebbins的不对称核型,亚洲苦草为“3B”,刺苦草为“2B”。核型公式分别为:K(2n)=20=2m+12sm+6st,K(2n)=20=2M+2m+14sm+2st。 相似文献
12.
13.
边陲黄耆和乌拉特黄耆间断分布于蒙新荒漠的西侧和东侧,二者在外部形态上接近,是一对易混淆的种。对这两个种的核型研究表明,边陲黄耆的核型公式为2n=16=10m(2SAT)+6st,其中第1、2、3号染色体较长,其余染色体较短,核型呈现出明显的二型性,在第4号染色体(m型)长臂上有明显的随体,而乌拉特黄耆的核型公式为2n=16=6m+6sm+4st(2SAT),其中除第1号染色体较长外,其余染色体相互 相似文献
14.
山东米口袋属植物的核型分析 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
对山东米口袋属 ( Gueldenstaedtia Fisch.)植物进行了核型分析。米口袋 ( G.multiflora Bge.)核型公式 K( 2 n) =2 x=14 =14 m ,相对长度组成 2 n=14 =6 M2 +8M1,“1A”类型 ;狭叶米口袋 ( G.stenophylla Bge.)核型公式 K( 2 n) =2 x=14 =14 m,相对长度组成 2 n=14 =8M2 +6 M1,“1A”类型 ;光滑米口袋 ( G.maritimaMaxim.)核型公式 K( 2 n) =2 x=14 =12 m+2 sm,相对长度组成 2 n=14 =4 M2 +10 M1,“1A”类型。 相似文献
15.
Lycoris sprengeri Comes ex Baker is endemic to China. Reported in the present
paper are the chromosomes number and karyotypes for two wild populations of the species
from Anhui. ( 1 )Caishi population has a karyotype 2n=33=9st+21t+3T. The length of
chromosomes ranges from 5.58~9.15μm. The karyotype belongs to Stebbin’s (1971)
“4A”. (2)Longyashan populations have two karyotypes. The karyotype formula of the type
I is 2n=22=8st+14t, with chromosomes ranging from 6.88~9.15μm. The karyotype
belongs to “4A”. The karyotype formula of the type Ⅱ is 2n=22=1m+1sm+14st+6t,
with chromosomes ranging from 7.20~15.80μm. The karyotype belongs to “3B”. The
triploid type of L. sprengeri was discovered in Anhui for the first time. The karyotype 2n=22 =1m+1sm+14st+6t in diploid type of this species is here reported for the first time.The Robertsonian change plays a key role in karyotype evolution of Lycoris. 相似文献
16.
Eight species in eight genera of Liliaceae from Zhejiang were cytotaxonomically studied in this work. The karyotypes of Chinese materials of these species
are mostly reported for the first time. The results are shown as follows (see Table
2-4 for chromosome parameters of them):
1. Disporum sessile D. Don Sixteen chromosomes are counted at metaphase of roottip cells.The Karyotype formula is 2n=16=2lm+2sm+4st+2sm+3sm+ 1sm(SAT)+2st
(Plate 1: 2-3, see Fig. 1:1 for its idiogram). The Karyotype belongs to 3B in
Stebbins’ (1971) karyotype classification, and consists of four pairs of larger chromosomes (1-4) and four pairs of smaller chromosomes (5-8). One SAT-chromosome is situated at the sixth pair. The chromosomes range between 4.85-16.63μm.
The karyotypic constitution is similar to that of Japanese material reported by
Noguchi (1974). Chang and Hsu (1974) reported 2n=14=13st+1sm and 2n=
16=2m + 13st + 1sm for the material from Taiwan under the name of D. shimadai
Hay. (=D. sessile D. Don). Compared with our result of D. sessile, the differences
are obvious.
2. Polygonatum odoratum (Mill.) Druce PMCs diakinesis shows eleven bivalents, n = 11, 5 large and 6 small (Plate 2:5). The meiosis is normal. The majority of reports of this species are 2n=20, with a few 2n=22 and 30 (see Table
1). The materials from southen Siberia and the Far East in USSR are all of 2n=
20. Our result is the same as recorded by Jinno (1966) in the Japanese material
and by Li (1980) from Beijing. Ge (1987) reported 2n=20 in the cultivated individuals of Shandong, China, showing that both 2n=20 and 22 exist in
China.
3. Scilla scilloides (Lindl.) Druce This species has the somatic chromosome
number 2n=18 (Plate 1: 4-6, see Fig. 1:2 for its idiogram), of which two
groups of chromosomes can be recognized, i.e. the 1 st -5 th pairs of large and
the 6 th-9th pairs of small chromosomes. A distinct character of the karyotype is that
two satellites are attached to the short arms of the 1st pair of chromosomes. The degree
of asymmetry is of 3C. The karyotype formula is 2n = 18 = 2sm (SAT) + 6st + 2t+
6m + 2sm. The chromosomes range from 2.02 to 11.93 μm. The Previous counts on
the species are 2n = 16, 18, 26, 34, 35, 36 and 43 (see Table 1). The present investigation confirms Noda’s and Haga’s results. The species is considered to be of
two genomes, namely A(x = 8) and B(x = 9). Our result shows a genome composition of BB, having a pair of large SAT-chromosomes. Chang and Hsu (1974)
reported 2n = 34 from a population of Taiwan, an amphidiploid (AABB), Karyotypes
of other Chinese populations are worth further researches.
4. Tricyrtis macropoda Miq. The chromosome number of somatic cells is
2n= 26, and PMCs MII shows 13 bivalents (n= 13) (Plate 3:1-3, see Fig. 1:3
for its idiogram). The karyotype formula is 2n= 26= 6m + 10sm + 6st + 4st (or
t), which is composed of chromosomes: 4L + 22S in size. The degree of asymmetry
is of 3B. No centromeres of the 12th and 13th pairs of chromosomes were observed
at metaphase, and the chromosomes may be of st or t. Nakamura (1968) reported
2n= 26(4L+ 22S)= 2sm+ 2sm-st+ 14st-sm+ 8st for T. macropoda Miq.
and 2n= 26(4L+ 22S)= 8m+ 2sm+2sm-st+ 2st-sm+ 12st for its ssp.
affinis, both from Japan. It is clear that the major character of their karyotypes,
i. e. 4L + 22S, is consistent with that reported here. Based on the previous and
present reports, all Tricyrtis species studied are remarkably uniform in the basic
karyotype, i. e. 4L + 22S.
5. Allium macrostemon Bunge. The present observation on the root-tip cells
of the species shows 2n = 32 (Plate 3: 4-5, see Fig. 1:4 for its idiogram). The
karyotype formula is 2n (4x)= 32= 26m + 6sm, which belongs to 2B, being of
high symmetry. Except the 6th, 10th and 13th pairs of chromosomes all the
are metacentric. Chromosomes of this species are large, ranging from 5.94 to 18.06
μm. Our result agrees with Kawano’s (1975) report under the name of A. grayi
Regel ( = A. macrostemon, Wang and Tang 1980).
6. Asparagus cochinchinensis (Lour.) Merr. Ten bivalents were observed in
PMCs MI, n=10 (Plate 1: 1). The present result confirms the number of a population of Taiwan recorded by Hsu (1971).
7. Ophiopogon japonicus (L. f.) Ker-Gawl. The species from Mt. Taogui,
Hangzhou, is found to have 2n (2x)=36=22m + 14sm (Plate 2: 1,5, see Fig.
1:5 for its idiogram) which belongs to 2B. The karyotype is composed of 2
medium-sized chromosomes with metacentric centromeres and 34 small chromosomes,
ranging from 1.34 to 4.92 μm. The populations from Mt. Tianzhu and Mt. Yuling,
Zhejiang, are found to be aneuploids at tetraploid level (2n=64-70). It is interesting that Nagamatsu (1971) found the karyotypes of Japanese materials to be 2n=
67 and 68, also showing unsteady 4x karyotypes of this species. In the previous.
reports (see Table 1), the chromosome numbers of this species are mainly 2n = 72,
besides 2n = 36 recorded by Sato (1942) from Japan.
8. Liriope platyphylla Wang et Tang The somatic complement of the species
collected from Mt. Tianzhu, Hangzhou, is 2n = 36 (Plate 2: 3-4, see Fig. 1:6
for its idiogram). The karyotype is 2n(2x) = 36 = 16m + 20sm, belonging to 2B
type. The chromosomes are small except the medium-sized, 1st pair and the
range is from 1.27 to 5.19μm. The material from Mt. Yuling, Zhejiang, is found
to have a variety of chromosome numbers (2n= 60-71), as observed in Ophiopogon
japonicus. Hasegawa (1968) reported the karyotype of 2n = 72 (4x) from Japan
The 2x karyotype is first recorded.
This genus is closely related to Ophiopogon. Based on the Hasegawa’s and present studies, all the species in these two genera are remarkably uniform in karyo-type. Therefore, the taxonomy of the two genera is worth further researches. 相似文献
17.
The karyotypes of 10 species of the Liliaceae from the Qinling Range
are reported as follows.
I. Polygonatum Mill.
(1) P. odoratum ( Mill. ) Druce was found to have the karyotype
2n=20=12m+8sm ( Plate 3, Fig. I), which belongs to Stebbins’ (1971)
karyotype classification 2B. The chromosomes range from 3.88 to 11.26μm in
size.
Table 2 shows the karyotypes and number fundamentals (N.F.) of 13 materials from 12 different localities. The N. F. of these materials can be classified into
two groups: N.F. =36 and N.F.=40, besides one (N.F. =38) from Beijing. N.
F. =36 covers all the materials with 2n= 18 which have relatively symmetrical
karyotypes ( all consisting of m and sm chromosomes), one with
2n=20 (10m+6sm+4st) and one with 2n=22 (14m+8st). N.F. =40 include
four materials with 2n= 20 (all of m and sm chromosomes ) and 3 with 2n= 22
(10m+ 8sm+ 4st). ¥
It is considered that there are two original karyotypes, 2n= 18 with
N. F. = 36 and 2n= 20 with N.F. =40, which are relatively symmetrical. All the
more asymmetrical karyotypes with some st chromosomes have probably evolved
from the symmetrical karyotypes without st chromosomes by centric fission.
(2) P. zanlanscianense Pamp. has the karyotype 2n=30=18m(2SAT)
+ 4sm+ 6st+ 2t (Plate 1, Fig. 1) which belongs to 2C. The chromosomes range
from 2.16 to 9.76μm. ¥
II. Asparagus filicinus Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don. The karyotype of this species
is 2n = 16= 8m(2SAT )+ 6sm + 2st (Plate 1, Fig. 1 and Table 3 ) , which belongs
to 2B. The chromosomes range from 2.33 to 5.30μm. Most species in Asparagus, including A.Filicinus, are reported to have basic number x= 10, and therefore
2n= 16 is a new chromosome number for A.filicinus. EL-Saded et.al.(1972) gave
a report of n=8 for A. stipularis from Egypt, while Delay (1947) reported
2n = 24 for A. trichophyllus and A. verticillatus, Sinla(1972 ) gave a report of 2n=48
for A.racemosus. It is certain that there are two basic numbers in the genus Asparagus.
III. Cardiocrinum giganteum (Wall.) Makino was found to have the karyotype
2n=24=4m+8st+12t (Plate 1, Fig. 1 ), which belongs to 3B. The chromosomes
range from 8.71 to 20.24μm.
IV. Smilax discotis Warb. was shown to have the karyotype
2n=32=4m+22sm+4st (2SAT)+2t (Plate 1, Fig. 1 and Table 3), which belongs to 3C. The first pair is much longer than others. The chromosomes range
from 1.79 to 9.21μm. The chromosome number and karyotype of S. discotis are
both reported for the first time.
V. Reineckia carnea (Andr.) Kunth is of the karyotype 2n=38=28m+10sm
(Plate 2, Fig. 1 ), which belongs to 2B. The chromosomes range from 5.65 to
12.75μm.
VI. Tupistra chinensis Baker was found to have the karyotype
2n=38=25m+ 13sm (Plate 2, Fig. 1), which belongs to 2B. The chromosomes
range from 8.11 to 23.82μm. A pair of heterozygous chromosomes is arranged at
the end of the idiogram. The eighth pair possesses an intercalary satellite.
Huang et al. (1989) reported the karyotype of T. chinensis from Yunnan as
2n = 38 = 24m+ 14sm without any intercalary satellite. Nagamatsu and
Noda (1970) gave a report on the karyotype of T. nutans from Bhutan, which
consists of 18 pairs of median to submedian chromosomes and one pair of
subterminal chromosomes. And one pair of submedian chromosomes possess
intercalary satellites on their short arms.
VII. Rohdea japonica (Thunb) Roth. was found to have the karyotype
2n=38=30m+6sm+2st ( Plate 2, Fig. 1), which belongs to 2B. The
chromosomes range from 7.94 to 18.29μm.
Nagamatsu and Noda (1970) reported that the karyotype of R.japonica from
Japan was the same as that of Tupistra nutans from Bhutan. But we have not discov ered any chromosome with an intercalary satellite.
VIII. Hosta Tratt.
(1) H. plantaginea (Lam.) Aschers was shown to have 2n=60. The 60
chromosomes are in 30 pairs,which can be classified into 4 pairs of large
chromosomes (7.32- 8.72μm ), 3 pairs of medium-sized ones (4.72-5.60μm), and
23 pairs of small ones (1.40-3.64μm), (Plate 3 ,Table 4 ).
The karyotype of H. plantaginea is reported for the first time.
(2) H. ventricosa (Salisb.) Stearn was counted to have 2n=120, The 120
chromosomes are in 60 pairs, which can be classified into 8 pairs of large
chromosomes (7.00- 8.40μm ), 6 pairs of medium-sized ones(4.40- 6.15um ),
46 pairs of small ones (1.20- 3.85μm), (Plate 3, Table 4). Based on the
karyotypes of H. plantaginea and H. ventricosa, the latter is probably a tetraploid
in the genus Hosta.
Kaneko (1968b) gave a report on the karyotype of H. ventricosa, which is of8 pairs of large chromosomes, 4 pairs of medium-sized and 48 pairs of small ones. 相似文献
18.
角叶铁破锣的核型及其系统学意义 总被引:6,自引:4,他引:2
本文首次报道了角叶铁破锣的核形态。其静止核和有丝分裂前期染色体分别属于复杂中央染色微粒型和中间型;中期染色体数目为2n=16;核型公式为2n=10m+4st十2t(2sat)。根据上述结果并结合有关资料,本文讨论了铁破锣和角叶铁破锣之间的核型差异以及铁破锣属的系统位置,指出铁破锣属可能与升麻属等类群关系较近而与金莲花属等类群关系较远,因此将该属置于升麻族中比置于金莲花族中合理。 相似文献
19.
Karyotypes of seven species, one variety and 11 forms of Sect. Thea occurring in Guizhou Province, were investigated by the wall degradation hypotonic method. The micrographs of their somatic metaphase are shown in plates 1-2 and the parameters of chromosomes according to Li and Chen (1985) are given in Table 1 and the idiograms in Fig. 1. The karyotype formulae are as follows: Camellia quinquelocularis 22=30=24m+6sm; C. tetracocca 2n=30=22m+8sm; C. taliensis 2n=30=22m+8sm; C. gymnogyna 2n=30=22m
+6sm+2st and 2n=30=20m=8sm+2st; C. gymnogynoides 2n=30=22m +6sm+2st and 2n=30=20m+8sm+2st; C. jungkiangensis 2n=30=20m+8sm+2st; C. sinensis 2n =30+20m+8sm+2st, and C. sinensis var. ruoella 2n=30=20m+8sm+2st. All the karyotypes belong to Stebbins “2A”. The following main aspects are discussed.
1. Chromosome numbers: All these species are found to have 2n=30. Based on the previous and present reports, It clearly indicates that evolution of this group has taken place mainly on diploid level, but not on polyploid one.
2. The karyotype variation: Generally, all the karyotypes examined are similar, but according to symmetry of karyotype, they may be grouped into two types. One is characterized by metacentric (m)and submetacentric (sm)chromosomes, involving C. quinquelochlaris, C. tetracocca, C. taliensis, while the other is characterized by a pair of subtelocentric (st) chromosome besides m and sm chromosomes, involving C. gymnogyna, C. gymnogynoides, C. jungkiangensis, C. sinensis and C. sinensis var. ruoella. It is suggested that the mechanism for karyotype variation and speciation in Sect. Thea be pericentric inversion or reciprocal translocation. The first type is more symmetrical than the second one, and is thus relatively primitive.
3. The orginal center of Sect. Thea: Based on the analysis of karyotypes, morphological characters, geographical distribution and biochemical features, the authors consider that the Yunnan-Guizhou plateau including the contiguous area in Yunnan, Guangxi and Guizhou is the original center, from where it radiated, resulting in the present distribution pattern of Sect. Thea.4. Taxonomic treatment of Sect. Thea: The taxonomic treatment of Sect. Thea is complicated and still confused up to now. The number of species is more than 40 according to Zhang’s taxonomic system (1984), but, recently, most of them are reduced by Min (1992). Further work should be based on the concept of morphological discontinuity and in formation from other branches of sciences. Whether two types of karyotype are two biological species remains questionable. 相似文献