γ-珠蛋白基因表达调控机制与临床应用

成人体内的血红蛋白是由2个 α-珠蛋白和2个β-珠蛋白组成的四聚体,负责氧气的运输。珠蛋白基因在基因组中成簇分布,其表达受到多种顺式作用元件和反式作用因子的共同调控,具有高度的组织特异性和发育时序性。β-地中海贫血和镰刀型细胞贫血是两种最常见的由于β-珠蛋白基因突变引起的常染色体隐性遗传病。γ-珠蛋白是一种主要在胎儿时期表达的类β-珠蛋白,同样具有载氧功能,但编码该蛋白的基因在上述贫血患者中却保持完好。因此,临床上优选的治疗方案之一是重新激活患者体内沉默的γ-珠蛋白基因的表达来弥补缺损的β-珠蛋白,从而缓解临床症状。目前已有多种能提高γ-珠蛋白基因表达的药物,在临床上用于治疗β-地中海贫血和镰刀型细胞贫血。随着基因组编辑技术的发展,针对这两种贫血的精准基因治疗研究也在进行中。本文着重介绍了参与γ-珠蛋白基因调控的转录因子和表观遗传修饰分子,以及目前相关的β-地中海贫血和镰刀型细胞贫血的临床治疗药物和手段,以期为深入阐明γ-珠蛋白基因的转录表达分子调控机制提供参考。     

影响β-地中海贫血表型的遗传修饰作用

β-地中海贫血(β-地贫)是一种可致死、致残的遗传性血液病,临床上具有较宽泛的表型变异谱,在致病基因型相同或类似的情况下,患者的临床表型严重程度有很大的差异。探索影响β-地贫表型的遗传修饰因素是当前血液病及遗传病领域的研究热点和重点。本文从α-珠蛋白基因型和胎儿血红蛋白(Hb F)数量性状位点两个方面阐述了可加重或缓解β-地贫表型的遗传修饰因素,并着重介绍了调控?-珠蛋白基因重激活的转录因子变异,以及β-珠蛋白基因簇顺式元件变异。最后,本文举例介绍了β-地贫遗传修饰的临床应用以及未来发展前景。     

与人体β-珠蛋白基因5'旁侧正调控区(PCR)相结合的调控因子(简报)

β-珠蛋白基因簇是研究真核基因表达时空秩序性的理想模型,在它的5个结构基因(ε,~Aγ,~Gγ,δ和β)中,成年型的β-珠蛋白基因主要在出生后人的骨髓中表达。过去的研究表明,在β-珠蛋白基因的5′旁侧序列内至少存在三个调控元件,即两个负调控区     

人体β—珠蛋白基因5‘旁侧调控元件与不同发育时期调控因子的…

人β－珠蛋白基因主要在成年期的骨髓中表达,在胎儿肝,成年肟和Ｋ５６２细胞中则处于关闭状态,凝胶电泳阻抑法分析发现,在人和肝,成年肝及Ｋ５６２细胞的核蛋白抽提物中存在着不同的与β－珠蛋白基因５旁侧调控元件（－３７２到－１９４ｂｐ）相结合的红系组织特生的调控因子。竞争试验的结果表明,成年肝和Ｋ５６２细胞中的调控因子与β－珠蛋白基因５旁侧调控元件相互作用的方式具有一定的相惟性,这两各细胞的调控因子既结合     

人体β-珠蛋白基因5’旁侧调控元件与不同发育时期调控因子的相互作用

人β-珠蛋白基因主要在成年期的骨髓中表达,在胎儿肝,成年肝和K 562细胞中则处于关闭状态。凝胶电泳阻抑法分析发现,在人胎儿肝,成年肝及K 562细胞的核蛋白抽提物中存在着不同的与β-珠蛋白基因5'旁侧调控元件(-372到-194 bp)相结合的红系组织特异性的调控因子。竟争试验的结果表明,成年肝和K 562细胞中的调控因子与β-珠蛋白基因5'旁侧调控元件相互作用的方式具有一定的相似性,这两种细胞的调控因子既结合于负调控区(NCR 2)也结合于正调控区,说明两种细胞中β-珠蛋白基因的关闭机制可能是相似的。胎儿肝的核蛋白因子只结合于负调控区,推测在胎儿期存在独特的关闭机制。     

水稻胚乳特异表达基因的挖掘及顺式元件分析

本研究旨在利用计算机方法对水稻胚乳特异性表达基因进行挖掘和功能分析,及特异性顺式调控元件的预测。我们将基因在不同组织中的表达信号谱看作多维空间内的向量,利用向量夹角余弦法计算其与理想状态下该基因在某一组织特异表达向量的相似度,以此来判断组织特异性表达基因。本文通过对水稻芯片数据的大规模分析,共挖掘出了127个在水稻胚乳中特异表达基因。并对其启动子进行顺式元件预测,发现两个与胚乳特异表达相关的顺式调控元件,其保守序列分别为CATGCATSCM和GATCGATCGR。与已知功能的顺式元件比较显示,前者为种子特异基因表达相关的RY repeat元件,而后者则与元件RNFG1相似,但其具体功能尚不明确。     

顺式调控元件对“头对头”基因对共表达的影响

转录调控是生物学过程中最关键的环节之一,其中顺式调控元件在基因表达调控中发挥了极其重要的作用.本研究通过对公共顺式调控元件的活性和行为进行分析,从而推断"头对头"基因对共表达的原理.用网络组分分析法估测顺式调控元件在不同条件下对基因启动子及其活性的影响.结果揭示了生物系统如何利用这些调控元件调控"头对头"基因对的表达模式和整个转录调控系统.     

顺式调控元件对“头对头”基因对共表达的影响

转录调控是生物学过程中最关键的环节之一, 其中顺式调控元件在基因表达调控中发挥了极其重要的作用. 本研究通过对公共顺式调控元件的活性和行为进行分析, 从而推断“头对头”基因对共表达的原理. 用网络组分分析法估测顺式调控元件在不同条件下对基因启动子及其活性的影响. 结果揭示了生物系统如何利用这些调控元件调控“头对头”基因对的表达模式和整个转录调控系统.     

β—珠蛋白基因簇表达调控的反式作用因子

β－珠蛋白基因簇是研究真核基因表达调控的良好模型,其基因表达具有红系组织特异性和不同发育阶段特异性,这些特异性的产生依赖于组织特异性表达和发育阶段特异性表达的反式作用因子与顺式作用元件间的相互作用。     

脊椎动物肌动蛋白基因顺式转录元件的分布模式

脊椎动物肌动蛋白各亚型的表达具有严格的与物种无关的组织特异性; 本文改进和完善了一种顺式元件匹配预测方法, 在实验资料的基础上, 统计出５ 种顺式元件的核苷酸分布权重矩阵模式, 对脊椎动物β细胞质亚型和α平滑肌亚型肌动蛋白基因的５＇ 调控区进行顺式元件的匹配预测和序列分析,获得了相应亚型的特异性的顺式元件编码分布模式,并分析了其进化趋势。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.