110例肺栓塞实验室结果分析

目的:探讨肺栓塞患者的危险因素、临床表现及实验室检查,提高临床对肺栓塞的认识。方法:收集本院2006年1月至2009年2月住院期间确诊为肺栓塞的110名患者的一般资料、危险因素、临床表现、相关检查等数据,对所统计的数字进行SPSS13.0分析。结果:呼吸困难组74例(67.3%),无呼吸困难组(32.7%),两组比较危险因素无统计学差异,比较发现氧分压、二氧化碳分压、肺动脉内径无差异,但是右心室内径检查显示两组具有明显的差异。结论:1.不可过分依赖三联征诊断肺栓塞,以免误诊、漏诊。2.危险因素:外伤、手术、制动、深静脉血栓,慢性支气管炎,高血压对呼吸困难组与非呼吸困难组中的肺栓塞形成无统计学差异。3.肺栓塞患者呼吸困难与心功能不全具有明显相关性,呼吸困难组应住监护病房,密切观察病情变化。     

膀胱尿路上皮肿瘤合并2型糖尿病患者临床和病理特点的比较性研究

目的:对比分析膀胱尿路上皮肿瘤合并2型糖尿病患者的临床和病理特点,为临床诊疗工作提供一定的参考。方法:回顾性分析2015年1月至2019年2月于我院泌尿外科手术治疗且经病理确诊为原发性膀胱尿路上皮肿瘤的患者资料,合并2型糖尿病的膀胱肿瘤患者59例设为糖尿病组(T2DM组),根据性别和年龄按照1:2的比例匹配同时期未合并2型糖尿病的膀胱肿瘤118例患者为非糖尿病组(NT2DM组),比较两组患者的临床特征和病理特点。结果:T2DM组的高血压患者比例和血肌酐值高于NT2DM组(P<0.05),而在教育程度、吸烟、饮酒、BMI、前列腺增生、泌尿系感染、血常规、肝功、尿常规、肿瘤大小、数量方面无明显统计学差异(P>0.05)。T2DM组和NT2DM组在膀胱尿路上皮肿瘤良恶性分类、肿瘤数量、肿瘤大小的构成比上无明显统计学差异(P>0.05);然而,对膀胱恶性肿瘤患者进行亚组分析显示,T2DM亚组中肌层浸润性癌的比例和高级别癌的比例明显高于NT2DM亚组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:2型糖尿病可能使膀胱癌的病理分级和分期更高,导致患者预后更差,临床上应更加关注膀胱恶性肿瘤合并2型糖尿病患者的诊治。     

2型糖尿病患者血清RANTES与下肢大血管病变的相关性

目的:探讨2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者血清RANTES与下肢大血管病变的相关性.方法:(1)T2DM 61例,根据是否合并下肢大血管病变,分为非下肢大血管病变组(30例)和下肢大血管病变组(31例),与正常对照组20例比较,采用双抗体夹心ELISA法测定血清RANTES,比较三组间血清RANTES水平的差异.(2)测定各组TG、TC、LDL、Hd1-ch、、FPG、HbA1c、FIB等水平,分析其与2型糖尿病大血管病变的相关性.结果:(1)2型糖尿病组血清RANTES水平明显高于正常对照组(P<0.05),下肢大血管病变组血清RANTES水平明显高于非下肢大血管病变组和正常对照组(P<0.05),(2)以T2DM组为整体,有无下肢大血管病变为因变量Y(有=1,无=0),以RANTES等其它危险因素为自变量,进行Logstic回归分析,SBP、病程和RANTES入回归方程.结论:RANTES可能是T2DM下肢大血管病变的一个重要的独立危险因素.     

导管接触溶栓与机械辅助吸栓治疗急性髂股静脉血栓的对比研究

目的:评价导管接触溶栓与机械辅助吸栓治疗急性髂股静脉血栓的临床效果。方法:回顾性分析162例急性下肢深静脉血栓(髂股静脉血栓)形成患者临床资料,其中导管溶栓治疗组(A组)80例、机械辅助吸栓组(B组)82例,比较两组患者治疗后患肢深静脉溶栓率、消肿率、并发症发生率、治疗时间的差异。结果:急性下肢髂股静脉血栓溶栓率B组(46.45±11.56)%显著高于A组(32.05±10.7)%(P0.05)。患肢消肿率B组(68.68±10.75)%和A组(41.34±11.26)%有明显统计学差异(P0.05)。两组并发症发生率无明显统计学意义。两组溶栓时间A组明显长于B组,两组间比较有明显统计学差异。结论:机械辅助吸栓治疗急性髂股静脉血栓早期疗效好于导管接触溶栓。     

两种不同手术方式处理输尿管末端治疗上尿路肿瘤远期疗效比较

目的:比较两种不同手术方式处理输尿管末端治疗上尿路肿瘤远期疗效。方法:采用回顾性研究我科后腹腔镜肾输尿管全长切除术治疗上尿路移行细胞癌的资料,对86例上尿路肿瘤术后患者的临床资料进行分析。A组:经尿道电切输尿管口53例,电切前先电灼患侧输尿管口;B组:开放手术行输尿管末端膀胱袖套状切除33例。比较两组术后膀胱癌发生率、局部复发率、远处转移率以及生存率等指标的差异。结果:经尿道电切输尿管口组患者术后再发膀胱癌19例(31.1%);开放手术行输尿管末端膀胱袖套状切除组患者术后再发膀胱癌10例(24.4%)。两组术后再发膀胱癌率(x2=0.550,P=0.458)和局部复发率(x2=0.057,P=0.811)比较差异无统计学意义。经尿道电切输尿管口组患者术后发生远处转移8例(13.1%),开放手术行输尿管末端膀胱袖套状切除组患者术后发生远处转移3例(7.3%);两组术后远处转移率比较差异无统计学意义(x2=0.360,P=0.549)。经尿道电切输尿管口组患者因肿瘤死亡20例,中位生存时间78个月;开放手术行输尿管末端膀胱袖套状切除组患者因肿瘤死亡18例,中位生存时间75个月。两组患者术后生存率比较差异无统计学意义(x2=1.296,P=0.255)。结论:经尿道电切输尿管口与开放手术行输尿管末端膀胱袖套状切除两种手术方法处理输尿管末端治疗上尿路肿瘤远期疗效相似。     

肝动脉化疗栓塞联合射频消融对中晚期肝癌患者血清肿瘤活性因子、肝功能和预后的影响

目的:探讨肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)联合射频消融(RFA)对中晚期肝癌患者血清肿瘤活性因子、肝功能和预后的影响。方法:选取2012年2月～2016年6月期间我院收治的中晚期肝癌患者103例,根据随机数字表法将患者分为对照组(n=51)和研究组(n=52),对照组患者给予RFA治疗,研究组给予TACE联合RFA治疗,比较两组临床总有效率,比较两组治疗前后肝功能、血清肿瘤活性因子水平,统计两组患者并发症情况和预后。结果:治疗后研究组临床总有效率为53.85%(28/52),高于对照组患者的33.33%(17/51)(P0.05)。两组患者治疗后总胆红素(TBIL)、丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、氨基酸转氨酶(AST)较治疗前降低(P0.05),但两组治疗后TBIL、ALT、AST比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者治疗后甲胎蛋白(AFP)、糖类抗原199(CA199),基质金属蛋白酶(MMP)均较治疗前降低,且研究组低于对照组(P0.05)。两组患者并发症发生率比较无差异(P0.05)。研究组患者治疗后1年、2年复发率低于对照组,生存率高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:TACE联合RFA治疗中晚期肝癌,疗效确切,可有效降低血清肿瘤活性因子水平,未加重肝功能损伤,且可改善患者的预后。     

2型糖尿病周围血管病的危险因素分析

目的:探讨2型糖尿病周围血管病发病的风险因素。方法:随机选取342例2型糖尿病患者,其中279例2型糖尿病合并周围血管病,63例未合并周围血管病,对比分析两组的性别、年龄、BMI指数、病程、有无吸烟史、有无高血压病史、尿酸、胱抑素C、总胆红素、直接胆红素、间接胆红素、前白蛋白等。依据双下肢动脉狭窄程度将279例合并周围血管病患者分为4组:狭窄率50%(组1)、狭窄率50%至75%(组2)、狭窄率75%(组3)、下肢闭塞(组4),分析和比较不同狭窄程度组间上述各项基础资料及指标间差异,危险因素采用多元Logistic回归分析。结果:下肢动脉狭窄程度与胱抑素C为正相关关系(r=0.227,P0.05);下肢动脉狭窄程度与前白蛋白为负相关关系(r=-0.181,P0.05)。结论:胱抑素C为2型糖尿病周围血管病的危险因素,前白蛋白为2型糖尿病周围血管病的保护因素,临床可将二者用于糖尿病周围血管病患者的诊治监测指标。     

阴道彩色多普勒对妇科盆腔肿瘤闭孔淋巴转移的诊断

目的:探究经阴道彩色多普勒超声对妇科盆腔肿瘤闭孔淋巴转移的诊断价值。方法:选择2013年1月至2014年12月到我院进行子宫切除联合盆腔淋巴清扫术的妇科盆腔肿瘤患者86例作为研究对象,按照手术的先后顺序将患者分为观察组和对照组,每组43例。观察组患者采用经阴道彩色多普勒超声对患者闭孔淋巴结是否转移进行检查,对照组采用B超对患者闭孔淋巴结是否转移进行检查,比较两组患者检查的准确性。结果:观察组患者检查结果中显示,转移的为14例,无转移的为29例,与病理检查结果比较无显著统计学差异(P0.05),对照组患者检查结果中显示,转移的为5例,无转移的为36例,与病理检查结果比较具有显著统计学差异(P0.05),观察组患者检查的正确率为95.3%,而对照组检查的正确率仅为81.4%,两组比较具有显著统计学差异(u=4.0737,P=0.0436),观察组患者检查后的满意率为90.7%,而对照组的满意率为79.1%,两组比较具有显著统计学差异(u=2.7051,P=0.0068)。结论:经阴道彩色多普勒超声对妇科盆腔肿瘤闭孔淋巴转移的诊断准确性高,具有较高的临床参考价值。     

70 岁以上老年原发性肝癌患者临床特点

目的:探讨70岁以上高龄原发性肝癌患者临床表现、诊治方法和预后特点。方法:回顾性研究我院2000～2010年间70例原发性肝癌患者(PLC)临床资料,比较两组患者(≥70岁,高龄组;和<70岁,低龄组)的临床特点和预后。结果:≥70岁患者36例(51.4%),<70岁34例(48.6%)。与低龄组相比,高龄组心脏病(50.0%vs 17.6%)和糖尿病(41.7%vs 14.7%)显著增高(P=0.004-0.012);而乙型病毒性肝炎感染率低(50.0%vs 88.2%,P=0.016),发病时平均肿瘤直径小(3.4±2.3cm vs 5.8±4.4cm,P=0.02)。两组男性发病率、饮酒、脑血管病、首发症状和体征、肝硬化、肿瘤位置、肿瘤形态、AFP、发病时Child分级、组织学类型两组无显著差异(P>0.05)。总体(59,84.3%)以肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)治疗为主,平均治疗3.2±3.1次,两组接受TACE治疗患者和次数无差异。平均随访28.9月,生存分析显示两组死亡率(63.9%vs 58.8%,p=0.66)和中位生存时间(25.5月vs 20.5月,P=0.88)无显著差异。结论:≥70岁高龄PLC患者有较高的心脏病和糖尿病合并率,但多数可耐受系统性TACE治疗,从而有效延长老年患者的平均生存时间。     

老年急性心肌梗死患者并发肺部感染的危险因素分析及护理对策

目的探讨老年急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者并发肺部感染的危险因素及护理对策。方法回顾性分析我院心内科2012年1月~2015年1月收治的老年AMI患者160例的临床资料,根据患者有无并发肺部感染分为感染组(观察组,n=36)和非感染组(对照组,n=124),比较两组患者的性别、年龄、吸烟史、左室射血分数(LVEF)、基础疾病等变量,研究上述变量与肺部感染的相关性,进一步分析AMI患者并发肺部感染的独立危险因素,比较两组患者住院时间和死亡率。结果观察组在年龄、合并糖尿病、吸烟等变量较对照组明显升高,LVEF值较对照组明显下降,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。将这些变量纳入多元Logistic回归分析显示,年龄、低EF水平及合并糖尿病是老年AMI患者合并肺部感染的独立危险因素。观察组住院时间为(24.5±2.6)天明显长于对照组的(18.2±3.8)天,病死率为25%明显高于对照组的15.2%,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论高龄、低LVEF、合并糖尿病是老年AMI患者并发肺部感染的独立危险因素,对合并上述危险因素患者应实施针对性的护理措施,从而降低老年心梗的病死率。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.