贵州梵净山大型真菌生态分布及其资源评价

本文报道了梵净山的大型真菌365种,分属于124属、41科。其中食用菌105种,药用菌87种,毒菌33种,木腐菌131种及菌根菌114种。梵净山的大型真菌分属于下列林型和植被型:阔叶林型;针阔混交林型;针叶林型;灌丛型和荒地型。营养方式主要分为寄生、腐生和共生三大类群。     

贵州梵净山大型真菌生态分布及其资源评价

本文报道了梵净山的大型真菌３６５种,分属于１２４属,４１科。其中食用菌１０５种,药用菌８７种,毒菌３３种,木腐菌１３１种及菌１１４种。梵净山的大型真菌分属于下列林型和植被型：阔叶林型;针阔混交林型,针叶林型;灌丛型和荒地型。营养方式主要分为寄生,腐和筮生碱大类群。     

金强河高寒地区大型真菌的分布特征

报道了金强河地区的大型真菌52种,分属于18科,32属。其中食用菌29种,药用菌20种,毒菌14种。该区大型真菌的分布与地形密切相关,有3种生态类型:河漫滩的大型真菌、阶地的大型真菌、亚高山坡地的大型真菌,其中阶地的大型真菌在种类和数量上都比其他两种生态类型丰富。     

雾灵山国家级自然保护区大型真菌物种多样性

大型真菌在维持生态系统稳定和为人类提供经济价值方面都具有重要作用, 本文对雾灵山国家级自然保护区中的大型真菌资源进行了详细调查, 为该保护区大型真菌资源开发和利用提供基础资料。作者于2019‒2020年采用样线法和随机踏查法对该保护区大型真菌物种资源多样性进行了初步调查和评估, 共采集大型真菌标本1,132份。结合形态学和ITS序列证据进行了鉴定, 并通过查阅相关文献资料对该保护区大型真菌物种资源价值进行了评价。结果表明: 雾灵山国家级自然保护区共有236种大型真菌, 隶属于2门6纲18目56科107属, 其中15种属于子囊菌门, 221种属于担子菌门。为方便统计, 将大于等于10个种的科定为优势科, 大于等于5个种的属定为优势属。其中优势科有红菇科、蘑菇科、多孔菌科和丝膜菌科, 每个科所包含的种数分别占总种数的8.90%、7.20%、5.93%和4.24%, 共计62种。优势属有红菇属(Russula)、蘑菇属(Agaricus)、鹅膏菌属(Amanita)、丝膜菌属(Cortinarius)、马勃属(Lycoperdon)、小皮伞属(Marasmius)等11个属, 共包含79个种, 占总种数的33.48%。对大型真菌的资源价值评价的结果显示, 保护区内共有食用菌66种、药用菌35种、有毒菌36种和食药兼用菌26种。研究结果表明, 雾灵山国家级自然保护区大型真菌资源丰富, 优势科和优势属中最为丰富的分别是红菇科和红菇属(Russula), 具有经济价值的菌达127种, 为食用菌的引种驯化、药用菌开发利用亦或有毒菌鉴别提供了丰富资源。     

吉林望天鹅自然保护区大型真菌多样性

望天鹅自然保护区位于长白山南坡,孕育了极为丰富的生物资源。本研究对望天鹅自然保护区中的大型真菌资源进行了详细调查,作者于2019-2021年在该保护区内共采集大型真菌1 425份。结合形态学及分子系统学方法鉴定出大型真菌161种,隶属于2门7纲17目48科101属,其中包含1个中国新记录种帝王鹅膏Amanita regalis。该保护区内的大型真菌优势科(物种数≥10)为4个,轴腹菌科Hydnangiaceae、红菇科Russulaceae、小菇科Mycenaceae和多孔菌科Polyporaceae,含48种,占该保护区物种总数的29.81%。优势属(物种数≥5)为5个,分别是小菇属Mycena、乳菇属Lactarius、红菇属Russula、靴耳属Crepidotus和湿伞属Hygrocybe,含31种,占该保护区物种总数的19.25%。对不同生态类型的大型真菌进行统计,发现针阔混交林型特有种为65种,阔叶林特有种15种,针叶林特有种20种,3种林型共有种为25种。α多样性指数显示在所调查的3种林型中,针阔混交林型的物种丰富度和物种多样性指数最高,针叶林型物种分布最均匀。大型真菌资...     

安徽清凉峰自然保护区大型真菌的生态分布

清凉峰北坡的大型真菌十分丰富,经初步调查,发现清凉峰北坡共有大型真菌2纲10目38科72属160种,它们广泛分布于常绿阔叶林、马尾松林、常绿-落叶混交林、落叶阔叶林和黄山松林等林带中。按经济价值分有食用菌72种,药用菌55种,毒菌19种;依生态习性分有木生菌68种,土生菌84种,菌根真菌21种。本文论述了该地区大型真菌自然发生的常见种类和分布,并对该区大型真菌资源进行了评价,大型真菌在各林带下的分布有一定规律性,种群的组成和分布与植被类型、林中小生境、土壤类型、海拔高度等相关。该区有多种具有经济价值的大型真菌,是主要的自然资源之一,它们在食用、药用、营林等方面有着较大的利用潜力。     

安徽皇埔山大型真菌区系地理成分分析

为了解安徽皇埔山自然保护区大型真菌区系多样性,对该地区的大型真菌区系地理成分进行了分析.结果表明:该地区共有大型真菌103种,分属于24科48属,其中优势科为Tricholomataceae(14种,占13.59％)、Russulaceae(11种,占10.68％)、Cortinariaceae(10种,占9.71％)和Polyporaceae(10种,占9.71％);优势属为Lactarius(8种,占7.77％)、Psathyrella(6种,占5.83％)、Cortinarius(5种,占4.85％)和Marasmius(5种,占4.85％);从属的区系地理成分上初步划分为世界广布成分(58.33％)、泛热带成分(29.17％)、北温带成分(10.42％)和热带-亚热带成分(2.08％);从种的地理成分上划分为:世界广布种(45种,占43.69％)、热带-亚热带分布种(31种,30.1％)、北温带分布种(24种,23.3％)及欧亚-北美-澳大利亚分布种(3种,2.91％)等分布型;皇埔山大型真菌的区系地理成分主要是以世界广布种为主,其次是热带-亚热带成分和北温带成分.     

黄山大型真菌的物种多样性

安徽黄山属于黄山-怀玉山生物多样性保护优先区域,孕育了极为丰富的生物资源。为了解该区的大型真菌物种多样性,2018-2020年对该区的大型真菌展开了野外调查和标本采集,通过分子生物学方法及子实体形态特征检索比较对获得的标本进行鉴定,并对该区的物种组成、属级地理区系成分、经济真菌和特有成分等进行了统计分析。该地区共发现大型真菌421种,隶属于9纲19目72科200属,其中包含食用菌68种,药用菌31种,毒菌39种,特有种66种。优势科有牛肝菌科Boletaceae、鹅膏科Amanitaceae、红菇科Russulaceae、多孔菌科Polyporaceae、蘑菇科Agaricaceae、小皮伞科Marasmiaceae、光茸菌科Omphalotaceae、球盖菇科Strophariaceae、粉褶菌科Entolomataceae和口蘑科Tricholomataceae 10科,优势属为鹅膏属Amanita、乳菇属Lactarius、蘑菇属Agaricus、金牛肝菌属Aureoboletus、红菇属Russula、粉褶菌属Entoloma、小皮伞属Marasmius、小菇属Mycena、裸脚伞属Gymnopus、粉孢牛肝菌属Tylopilus、栓孔菌属Trametes、丝膜菌属Cortinarius、灵芝属Ganoderma和多汁乳菇属Lactifluus 14属。对黄山大型真菌属级地理成分分析发现该区大型真菌的区系地理成分可分为9类,主要以世界广布成分为主(66.5%),其次是北温带成分(15.5%)和泛热带成分(10.5%)。本研究表明黄山的大型真菌具有丰富的物种多样性,其中食用菌资源较为丰富,主要为世界广布成分,同时也具有较高的特异性。     

广西花坪国家级自然保护区大型真菌资源及生态分布

报道了广西国家级花坪自然保护区的大型真菌201种,隶属105属45科;其中食用菌50种,药用菌38种,毒菌13种,菌根菌59种和木腐菌48种.保护区的大型真菌按植被类型分为5种群落类型:常绿阔叶林型、亚热带落叶阔叶林型、亚热带中山落叶常绿阔叶混交林型、灌丛型和竹林型;按垂直分布带分为3种林带型:低山林带型、中山林带型和山顶林带型.     

中国河南省木材腐朽菌研究

对河南省6个天然林的木材腐朽菌进行了真菌资源调查,采集800号标本,基于对这些标本的研究,鉴定出木牛真菌183种,分属于75个属,其中56种为河南省首次报道.     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.