Cercosporoid hyphomycetes on malpighiaceous hosts from the Brazilian Cerrado: species of Pseudocercospora on hosts belonging to Byrsonima

Eleven new species of the genus Pseudocercospora were found on Byrsonima spp. from the Cerrado in Brazil: Pseudocercospora annellidica, P. byrsonimae-basilobae, P. byrsonimae-coccolobifoliae, P. byrsonimicola, P. byrsonimigena, P. campograndensis, P. grajauensis, P. mutabiliconidiophorum, P. pediformiconidiorum, P. planaltinensis, and P. subhyalina. The new species are described, illustrated and compared with hitherto described Pseudocercospora spp. on various hosts belonging to the Malpighiaceae, and all species concerned are keyed out.     

New Passalora species on Peixotoa (Malpighiaceae) from the Brazilian Cerrado

Four new Passalora species were found on leaves of Cerrado native plants of the genus Peixotoa (Malpighiaceae). Two of the new Passalora species (P. peixotae-reticulatae and P. cerradensis) belong in Section Mycovellosiella, while P. peixotoae-goianae and P.brasilianensis belong in Section Phaeoramularia.     

New Meliola species on fabaceous hosts from the Brazilian Cerrado

Five new Meliola species, collected in the Brazilian Cerrado on five fabaceous hosts, Albizia polyantha, Andira humilis, Eriosema congestrum, Sweetia fruticosa, and Vigna sp. were described, illustrated, and are here designated as Meliola albiziae-polyanthae, M. andirae-humilis, M. eriosemae, M. sweetiae, and M. bodoquensis, respectively.     

Plurispermiopsis: a new capnodiaceous genus from the Brazilian Cerrado

A new ascomycete genus placed in family Capnodiaceae found in the Brazilian Cerrado is described and designated Plurispermiopsis, type species P. cerradensis.     

假尾孢属一新种

报道生于蓼属Polygonum sp.植物上的假尾孢属1个新种:余氏假尾孢Pseudocercospora yui Y.L.Guo.文中提供了新种的拉丁文简介、形态描述、绘图及讨论.模式标本保存在中国科学院微生物研究所菌物标本馆(HMAS).     

New species and records of cercosporoid hyphomycetes from Panama

Cercosporoid hyphomycetes on living leaves of plants were collected in Panama, identified, described, and illustrated. Newly described species are Passalora guraniae from Gurania sp. (Cucurbitaceae), Pseudocercospora arrabidaeae from Arrabidaea cf. candicans (Bignoniaceae), Pseudocercospora hymenaeae from Hymenaea courbaril (Caesalpinioideae/Fabaceae), Pseudocercospora solandrae from Solandra sp. (Solanaceae), and Verrucisporota struthanthicola from Struthanthus sp. (Loranthaceae). New reports for Panama are Cercospora glauciana from a new host plant genus (Rhynchospora, Cyperaceae), Pseudocercospora acalyphicola from a new host plant species (Acalypha macrostachya, Euphorbiaceae), Pseudocercospora cecropiae, Pseudocercospora cecropiicola, Pseudocercospora cecropiigena, Pseudocercospora mirandensis, and Ramularia rubella.     

Heavy-metal-contaminated industrial soil: Uptake assessment in native plant species from Brazilian Cerrado

Plants of the Cerrado have shown some potential for restoration and/or phytoremediation projects due to their ability to grow in and tolerate acidic soils rich in metals. The aim of this study is to evaluate the tolerance and accumulation of metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn) in five native tree species of the Brazilian Cerrado (Copaifera langsdorffii, Eugenia dysenterica, Inga laurina, Cedrela fissilis, Handroanthus impetiginosus) subjected to three experiments with contaminated soils obtained from a zinc processing industry (S₁, S₂, S₃) and control soil (S₀). The experimental design was completely randomized (factorial 5 × 4 × 3) and conducted in a greenhouse environment during a 90-day experimentation time. The plant species behavior was assessed by visual symptoms of toxicity, tolerance index (TI), translocation factor (TF), and bioaccumulation factor (BF). C. fissilis has performed as a Zn accumulator by the higher BFs obtained in the experiments, equal to 3.72, 0.88, and 0.41 for S₁, S₂, and S₃ respectively. This species had some ability of uptake control as a defense mechanism in high stress conditions with the best behavior for phytoremediation and high tolerance to contamination. With economical and technical benefits, this study may support a preliminary analysis necessary for using native tree species in environmental projects.     

Autoregressive modelling of species richness in the Brazilian Cerrado.

Spatial autocorrelation is the lack of independence between pairs of observations at given distances within a geographical space, a phenomenon commonly found in ecological data. Taking into account spatial autocorrelation when evaluating problems in geographical ecology, including gradients in species richness, is important to describe both the spatial structure in data and to correct the bias in Type I errors of standard statistical analyses. However, to effectively solve these problems it is necessary to establish the best way to incorporate the spatial structure to be used in the models. In this paper, we applied autoregressive models based on different types of connections and distances between 181 cells covering the Cerrado region of Central Brazil to study the spatial variation in mammal and bird species richness across the biome. Spatial structure was stronger for birds than for mammals, with R(2) values ranging from 0.77 to 0.94 for mammals and from 0.77 to 0.97 for birds, for models based on different definitions of spatial structures. According to the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), the best autoregressive model was obtained by using the rook connection. In general, these results furnish guidelines for future modelling of species richness patterns in relation to environmental predictors and other variables expressing human occupation in the biome.     

Short-distance pollen dispersal in a protogynous Annonaceae tree species from the Brazilian Cerrado

Annona crassiflora (Annonaceae) is a protogynous beetle-pollinated savannah tree species, widely distributed in the savannahs of the Cerrado biome. Studies on the mating system and pollen dispersal of protogynous species are very scarce. Here, we used six microsatellite loci to assess the mating system and pollen dispersal of A. crassiflora in a savannah remnant in Central Brazil. We mapped and sampled leaves of 112 adult trees and collected 74 fruits from 20 mother trees (1–4 fruits per plant) to obtain the seeds used (460) for mating system and parentage analyses. Annona crassiflora has predominantly allogamous mating systems, with a high multilocus outcrossing rate (t_m?=?0.974, SE?=?0.011) that did not differ among mother trees (F?=?1.32, p?=?0.165). However, t_m–t_s was variable among seed trees, indicating that some seeds were produced by mating among relatives. Our results also showed multiple paternity within fruits. Multilocus correlation of outcrossed paternity was high (r_p?=?0.302, SE?=?0.045), indicating that for each mother tree, the probability that the same pollen donor sired two random sibs was 30.2%, and the mean number of pollen donors per mother tree was high (6.3). We detected a maximum pollen dispersal distance of 360.7 m and an average of 124.3 m (SD?=?80 m), but most pollination events (73%) occurred at shorter distances (<?160 m), indicating short-distance pollen dispersal, most likely due to the pollinator behaviour.     

中国水生丝孢菌一新记录属和三个新记录种

报道淡水丝孢菌1个中国新记录属,即树状孢属Dendrosporium和3个新记录种,即裂叶树状孢D. lobatum,烛台树状孢D. candelabroides和心形赭粉菌Ochroconis cordanae。对采集材料进行了形态学特征描述和图解,标本保存于云南大学微生物保护与利用重点实验室。     

中国两种假尾孢菌的研究（英文）

报道2种中国假尾孢菌,其中有1个新种,即寄生在海南地黄连Munronia pinnata上的地黄连假尾孢Pseudocercospora munroniae;另1个是中国新记录种,即寄生在荜拔Piper longum上的胡椒生假尾孢Pseudocercospora piperigena。提供了各个种的形态描述、图及与近似种区别的讨论。研究的标本保存在中国科学院菌物标本馆(HMAS)。     

New species of Phaeoramularia, Pseudocercospora and Stenella from Western Ghats of India

Four new species of the hyphomycete genera Phaeoramularia viz. Ph. caesalpinae, Pseudocercospora viz., Ps. tiliacearum, Stenella, viz. S. argyreiae and S. grewiae occurring on Caesalpinia bonducella Fleming (Caesalpiniaceae), Grewia sp. (Tiliaceae), Argyrea sp. Lour (Convolvulaceae) and Grewia sp. L. (Tiliaceae), respectively are described and illustrated here. All these fungi were collected from Western Ghats of India.     

Light and electron microscopies reveal unknown details of the pollen grain structure and physiology from Brazilian Cerrado species

Pollen grains have a relatively simple structure and microscopic size, with two or three cells surrounded by the protective sporoderm at maturity. The viability and efficiency of pollen transport from anther to stigma depends on pollen physiological properties, especially the relative water content of the vegetative cell. Pollen transport is a crucial fate for most angiosperms that depends on biotic pollinators and studies focusing on understanding the morpho-physiological properties of pollen grains are still scarce, especially to tropical open physiognomies as the Brazilian Cerrado. Therefore, we investigate some structural and physiological aspects of pollen grains from six native species naturally growing in one Cerrado area: Campomanesia pubescens (Myrtaceae), Caryocar brasiliense (Caryocaraceae), Erythroxylum campestre (Erythroxylaceae), Lippia lupulina (Verbenaceae), Pyrostegia venusta (Bignoniaceae), and Xylopia aromatica (Annonaceae). We selected dehiscent anthers and mature pollen grains to analyze (1) the anther wall and pollen microstructure, (2) the pollen water status at the time of anther dehiscence, and (3) the pollen chemical compounds. In all analyzed species, the anther and pollen developed in a successfully way, and except for Caryocar brasiliense, all species were able to emit pollen tubes in the germination tests. As expected for a dry and open environment, most species dispersed their pollen grains in a partially dehydrated form, as indicated by our harmomegathy experiment. As indicated by our study, the pollen ability in preventing dissection, maintaining its viability in a dry and hot environment during its transport from anther to stigma, may be related to the sporoderm apertures and to the reserve compounds, mainly carbohydrates in the form of hydrolysable starch grains.

     

New Stenella and Parastenella species from the Brazilian cerrado

Five new Stenella species were found on native cerrado plants. Stenella erythroxyli-campestris, S. erythroxyli-suberosi and S. erythroxylicola were associated with plant species belonging in the family Erythroxylaceae; S. cyrtopodii was found infecting the rare Cyrtopodium eugenii (Orchidaceae), and S. ocoteae occurred on Ocotea sp. (Lauraceae). Finally Parastenella callisthenis-fasciculatae was collected on a Vochysiaceae (viz. Callisthene fasciculate) endemic to the cerrado.     

海南锥栗属新植物

1.五指山锥　别名 :山白锥 (五指山 )　新种　图版 - ACastanopsis wuzhishangensis　 G.A.Fu sp.nov.Species affinis Castanopsi carlesii( Hemsl.) Hayatavar.spinulosa,a qua folia crasoribus et duroribus dif-ferf.Etiam affinis C.Echinocarpae Miq.var.senin-udae,se     

New hyphomycete genera on Qualea species from the Brazilian cerrado

As part of studies on cerrado fungi three new hyphomycetes are described in association with trichomes on leaves of native species of Qualea (Vochysiaceae). These are: Trichomatomyces gen. nov. (type species: T. byrsonimae comb. nov.), Trichosporodochium gen. nov. (type species: T. cerradensis sp. nov.), and Phaeoidiomyces gen. nov. (type species: P. qualeae).