双黄连胶囊沸腾制粒工艺研究

目的:确定双黄连胶囊的制粒工艺条件。方法:以水分为考察指标,通过正交实验考察浸膏相对密度、进风温度、喷雾压力、蠕动泵转速四因素对颗粒的影响。结论:最佳工艺条件为浸膏相对密度1.10、进风温度90℃、喷雾压力0.4MPa、蠕动泵转速200r/min。     

响应面法优选黑米花青苷浸膏的喷雾干燥工艺

对黑米花青苷浸膏进行喷雾干燥的响应面实验。喷雾干燥的特点是干燥迅速,颗粒均匀,可以大范围使用,可加工的物料多样,操作简单稳定,适合工业化生产。响应曲面设计方法是利用合理的试验设计并通过实验得到一定数据,采用多元二次回归方程来拟合因素与响应值之间的函数关系,通过对回归方程的分析来寻求最优工艺参数,是解决多变量问题的一种统计方法。采用此方法优选黑米花青苷浸膏的喷雾干燥工艺。以喷雾干燥过程的出粉率、干粉中黑米花青苷的含量为指标,考察进风口温度、浸膏比重、蠕动泵泵速,对黑米花青苷浸膏喷雾干燥工艺的影响。结果表明,在进风口温度154.04 ℃ ,浸膏比重1.05,蠕动泵泵速10 r/min的条件下得到黑米花青苷粉末成粉率为38.08%,粉末中花青苷含量为112.758 mg/g。该优选工艺参数可为黑米花青苷的工业化生产提供实验依据。     

丝素蛋白粉制备工艺研究

用自制脱盐装置研究了高分子丝素蛋白的降解脱盐方法 ,不仅可提高丝素蛋白粉生产效率和收率 ,而且可以起到脱色的作用 ,所得丝素蛋白粉氨基酸含量与原茧丝中的相差不大。喷雾干燥所得粉末颗粒小于冷冻干燥所得粉末颗粒。采用自制脱盐装置和喷雾干燥配合制备丝素蛋白粉是简便可行的     

微生态活菌片剂生产中干法制粒粒度分布对产品质量的影响

目的探讨干法制粒工艺中粒度分布对微生态活菌片剂质量的影响。方法应用干法制粒工艺制造粉料,通过对不同粒径的片重、硬度和脆碎度进行测定,确定出压制素片的颗粒最佳粒径范围,然后对工艺参数压辊压力、加料速度和压辊转速进行正交试验,选择所制颗粒的粒径与最佳粒径一致的工艺为最优工艺,再通过对最佳工艺压制出的片剂进行稳定性研究,从而验证粒径对产品质量的影响。结果粒径分布在20~80目时,片剂重量、硬度和脆碎度的结果不仅符合标准还较稳定。工艺参数中压辊压力为110KN、加料转速为70rpm、压辊转速为9.0rpm时所压制片剂的粒径范围在20~80目时所占最大,约97.82%。对产品中长双歧杆菌、保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌的6个月稳定性检测再次确定粒径分布在20~80目时,产品质量最优。结论干法制粒工艺粉料粒径分布在20~80目时,微生态活菌片剂质量为最优。     

黄颡鱼对四种动物性蛋白原料在不同制粒工艺下的表观消化率研究

实验以三氧化二铬(Cr₂O₃)为外源指示剂,采用“70%基础饲料+30%实验原料”的方法配制实验饲料,测定了初始体质量为(28.68±0.49) g的黄颡鱼(Peltobagrus fulvidraco)对国产鱼粉、进口鱼粉、进口鸡肉粉和脱脂黄粉虫粉在膨化制粒和非膨化制粒两种工艺下的干物质、粗蛋白、粗脂肪和氨基酸表观消化率。结果显示,在非膨化制粒工艺下,黄颡鱼对进口鸡肉粉的干物质表观消化率显著高于另外3种原料(P<0.05),黄颡鱼对黄粉虫粉蛋白消化率最低(P<0.05),黄颡鱼对进口鸡肉粉脂肪表观消化率显著高于国产鱼粉和进口鱼粉(P<0.05); 在膨化制粒工艺下,进口鸡肉粉的干物质表观消化率显著低于另外3种原料(P<0.05),国产鱼粉和进口鱼粉的粗蛋白质消化率达94%以上,显著高于另外两种原料(P<0.05),但进口鸡肉粉的脂肪表观消化率显著低于其他原料(P<0.05)。在非膨化制粒工艺和膨化制粒工艺下国产鱼粉、进口鱼粉和黄粉虫粉的干物质表观消化率无显著性差异,但在非膨化制粒工艺下进口鸡肉粉的干物质表观消化率显著高于膨化制粒工艺(P<0.05)。对于国产鱼粉、进口鱼粉和黄粉虫粉而言,非膨化制粒工艺的蛋白消化率显著低于膨化制粒工艺(P<0.05),而鸡肉粉则相反。膨化加工工艺进口鱼粉的脂肪表观消化率显著高于非膨化加工工艺(P<0.05),而膨化加工工艺的黄粉虫脂肪表观消化率显著低于非膨化加工工艺(P<0.05)。氨基酸的消化率结果与粗蛋白的表观消化率变化趋势基本一致。由此可知,对于黄颡鱼饲料,国产鱼粉和进口鱼粉是最佳的蛋白质来源,进口鸡肉粉和黄粉虫亦可以作为其优质的蛋白质来源。对于进口鱼粉、国产鱼粉和黄粉虫粉,膨化制粒工艺更有利于黄颡鱼对其干物质、蛋白、脂肪和氨基酸等营养元素的消化利用,而对于进口鸡肉粉,非膨化制粒工艺更有利于黄颡鱼对营养元素的消化利用。     

哈氏伪康纤虫的培养与摄食条件研究

对海洋盾纤类纤毛虫———哈氏伪康纤虫的培养、饵料及摄食条件进行了探讨。结果表明 :哈氏伪康纤虫的适宜生长温度为 2 8℃ ;在浓度为 3 g/L的牛肉浸膏培养液中种群增长最快 ,但稳定期较短 ;以米粒浸出液培养时纤毛虫可长时间维持较高的种群密度。     

产品介绍

产品介绍罗布麻干浸膏本品为夹竹桃科植物罗布麻ＡｐｏｃｙｍｕｍｖｅｎｔｕｍＬ．的干燥叶,经水煎提、浓缩、喷雾干燥而制成的粉末状干浸膏。本品为棕褐色粉末。其药理作用具有祛痰、止咳、平喘、降血压、降血脂,增加冠状动脉流量、增加肾上腺素、抗炎、抗辐射、抗衰老...     

水溶性三七总皂苷制备与表征

为提高三七总皂苷的水溶性及其制剂在体内的稳定性和生物利用度,运用喷雾干燥法对三七总皂苷进行超细化,利用正交试验分析得到喷雾干燥制备三七总皂苷超细粉的最佳条件并对其各项指标进行检测。经分析所得最佳制备条件为：进口温度为140℃、三七总皂苷的浓度为65 g·L^-1、进料流速为30 L·h^-1和空气脉冲为4。对三七总皂苷原粉和喷雾干燥所得超细粉进行了理化性质检测,SEM扫描结果显示超细粉形貌规则,激光粒度仪测得粒径为70.5 nm;红外光谱检测所得结果证实超细粉化学性质较原粉无明显改变,不影响其药性;通过DSC、X-Ray检测所得结果显示超细粉与原粉相比晶体结晶度有所改变说明其水溶性增加。     

盆炎净胶囊的成型工艺研究

目的:降低盆炎净制剂的辅料用量,提高其制剂水平。方法:比较制粒工艺,考察选定制粒工艺颗粒的休止角、堆密度、临界相对湿度,选择胶囊型号,计算所需淀粉辅料的比例。结果:选择干法制粒工艺,测定所制颗粒的休止角为33.24°,堆密度为0.834g/ml,临界相对湿度为48%,选定0号胶囊,算得所需淀粉辅料所占的比例为7.27%。结论:所研制的盆炎净胶囊制剂,降低了辅料用量,提高了原有制剂水平。     

离子交换柱层析法纯化重组人IL—4

用离子交换层析法一步纯化重组人白细胞介素４,该方法简易易行,对样品不产生稀释作用;所得产品具有高纯度（≥９５％）,高生物学活性（≥ＭＵ／ｍｇ）和低毒性（内毒素含量≤０．５ＺＵ／Ｌ）的特点,可满足实验室工作的需要,当与凝胶过滤法结合使用时,所得产品纯度可达９８％,生物学活性进一步提高。     

Investigation on Side-Spray Fluidized Bed Granulation with Swirling Airflow

Top-spray fluidized bed granulation with axial fluidization airflow from the bottom of the granulator is well-established in the pharmaceutical industry. The application of swirling airflow for fluidized bed granulation was more recently introduced. This study examined the effects of various process parameters on the granules produced by side-spray fluidized bed with swirling airflow using the central composite and Box–Behnken design of experiment. Influence of the amount of binder solution, spray rate, and distance between spray nozzle and powder bed were initially studied to establish operationally viable values for these parameters. This was followed by an in-depth investigation on the effects of inlet airflow rate, atomizing air pressure and distance between spray nozzle and powder bed on granule properties. It was found that the amount of binder solution had a positive correlation with granule size and percentage of lumps but a negative correlation with size distribution and Hausner ratio of the granules. Binder solution spray rate was also found to affect the granules size. High drug content uniformity was observed in all the batches of granules produced. Both inlet airflow rate and atomizing air pressure were found to correlate negatively with granule size and percentage of lumps but correlate positively with the size distribution of the granule produced. Percentage of fines was found to be significantly affected by inlet airflow rate. Distance between spray nozzle and powder bed generally affected the percentage of lumps.     

Monitoring the fluidized bed granulation process based on<Emphasis Type="Italic">S</Emphasis>-statistic analysis of a pressure time series

Pressure fluctuation measurements collected during the fluidized bed granulation of pharmaceutical granule have been analyzed using the attractor comparison technique denoted as theS-statistic. Divergence of the bed state from the reference during granulation is followed by a return to a condition statistically similar to the original state of the dry fluidized ingredients on drying. This suggests insensitivity of theS-statistic technique to the changes in particle size distribution occurring during the granulation process. Consequently, the monitoring of pressure fluctuations alone may provide an easily implemented technique for the tracking of granule moisture and process end-point determination. Published: September 30, 2005     

Monitoring Granulation Rate Processes Using Three PAT Tools in a Pilot-Scale Fluidized Bed

The purpose of this research was to analyze and compare the responses of three Process Analytical Technology (PAT) techniques applied simultaneously to monitor a pilot-scale fluidized bed granulation process. Real-time measurements using focused beam reflectance measurement (Lasentec FBRM) and near-infra red spectroscopy (Bruker NIR) were taken by inserting in-line probes into the fluidized bed. Non-intrusive acoustic emission measurements (Physical Acoustic AE) were performed by attaching piezoelectric sensors on the external wall of the fluidized bed. Powder samples were collected at regular intervals during the granulation process and characterized offline using laser diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, stereo-optical microscopy and loss on drying method. PAT data comprising chord length distribution and chord count (from FBRM), absorption spectra (from NIR) and average signal levels and counts (from AE) were compared with the particle properties measured using offline samples. All three PAT techniques were able to detect the three granulation regimes or rate processes (wetting and nucleation, consolidation and growth, breakage) to varying degrees of sensitivity. Being dependent on optical signals, the sensitivities of the FBRM and NIR techniques were susceptible to fouling on probe windows. The AE technique was sensitive to background fluidizing air flows and external interferences. The sensitivity, strengths and weaknesses of the PAT techniques examined may facilitate the selection of suitable PAT tools for process development and scale-up studies.     

Alternative drying processes for the industrial preservation of lactic acid starter cultures

The preservation of lactic acid starter cultures by alternative drying processes has attracted increasing attention due to the high costs and energy consumption of freezing and freeze drying. This review thus aims to provide a survey regarding the state of knowledge of starter culture production at high levels of viability. The results from numerous studies on various drying processes and lactic acid bacteria are summarized. The alternative drying processes considered, such as spray drying, fluidized bed drying, and vacuum drying, are mainly of industrial interest. The features, advantages, and disadvantages of these drying processes are described. In conclusion, the important factors that need to be considered, standardized, or optimized to achieve high levels of viability include intrinsic tolerance of cultures, growth media and conditions, stress induction, cell harvesting conditions, protective agents, rehydration conditions, enumeration of cells, and storage conditions.     

Influence of microencapsulation and spray drying on the viability of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains

Improved production methods of starter cultures, which constitute the most important element of probiotic preparations, were investigated. The aim of the presented research was to analyse changes in the viability of Lactobacillus. acidophilus and Bifidobacterium bifidum after stabilization (spray drying, liophilization, fluidization drying) and storage in refrigerated conditions for 4 months. The highest numbers of live cells, up to the fourth month of storage in refrigerated conditions, of the order of 10(7) cfu/g preparation were recorded for the B. bifidum DSM 20239 bacteria in which the N-Tack starch for spray drying was applied. Fluidization drying of encapsulated bacteria allowed obtaining a preparation of the comparable number of live bacterial cells up to the fourth month of storage with those encapsulated bacteria, which were subjected to freeze-drying but the former process was much shorter. The highest survivability of the encapsulated L. acidophilus DSM 20079 and B. bifidum DSM 20239 cells subjected to freeze-drying was obtained using skimmed milk as the cryoprotective substance. Stabilization of bacteria by microencapsulation can give a product easy to store and apply to produce dried food composition.     

冷风干燥制备高活菌的恶臭假单胞菌菌粉

【目的】获得高活菌恶臭假单胞菌菌粉,提高菌体干燥及保藏存活率。【方法】选用冷风干燥法制备活菌粉,并优化吸附载体与保护剂。【结果】冷风干燥制备恶臭假单胞菌菌粉干燥存活率普遍达到65%以上,显著优于喷雾干燥(24%);对载体与保护剂进行正交试验优化,确定了载体为混合的硅藻土和碱处理玉米芯粉,混合比为1:2,保护剂(质量比)为甘露醇7%、谷氨酸钠5%、甘油1%,制得菌粉活菌数为1.03×1011 CFU/g,室温保藏30 d和4 °C保藏60 d存活率分别达到40.54%和71.67%。【结论】冷风干燥温度相对较低(10?40 °C),对菌体损伤小,碱处理玉米芯粉、甘露醇和谷氨酸钠是提高菌粉保藏存活率的重要因子,此法克服了革兰氏阴性菌菌粉不易制备和不耐保藏的瓶颈。     

粉末包衣技术在药物制剂领域的应用研究进展

粉末包衣技术是薄膜包衣技术发展至今的一个重要分支,其在药物制剂领域的应用优势突出,近年来受到药剂学研究者的广泛关注。分类综述目前应用于药物制剂的几种主要粉末包衣技术,包括属于物理化学法中的凝聚法、溶剂蒸发法和熔融分散法以及物理机械法中的喷雾干燥法、喷雾冷凝法、干法包衣技术和气流悬浮包衣技术,并探讨粉末包衣技术的主要功用,如用于制备缓控释制剂、药物粉末表面改性、改善口服制剂感官效果和提高药物及制剂稳定性等。     

Study of electrokinetic potential of drug micro-carriers prepared from resorbable polymers bioplastotan

The study investigates electrokinetic potentials of microparticles prepared from biodegradable poly-3-hydroxybutyrate depending upon the method of preparation employed and taking into account the size of particles maintained in liquid media. The ζ-potential of microparticles prepared from emulsion by solvent evaporation method was ?20 mV; the ζ-potential of microparticles prepared by spray drying was reduced to ?95 mV. The value of ζ-potential was influenced by drug loading into microparticles; the drug-loaded microparticles maintained in balanced phosphate buffer for 30 days had higher physical stability than those without drug loading.     

Effect of drying methods on retention of moist sucralfate gel properties

The aim of this work was to find a drying procedure for moist sucralfate gel capable of producing dried sucralfate gel that retains the original gel properties of bioadhesion, rheology, and micromeritics. Spray-drying and microwave-drying procedures were employed. Mannitol was used as a gel-protective substance during the drying processes. The spray drying of moist sucralfate gel gave rise to a powder whose water suspensions showed significantly reduced viscosity. The bioadhesion of spray-dried sucralfate gel was strongly reduced by drying. When mannitol was used as a gel protector, the spray-dried sucralfate in part maintained the original bioadhesion of moist sucralfate gel. The preparation of a dried sucralfate gel retaining the bioadhesion characteristics, avoiding the use of mannitol, was made possible using the microwavedrying procedure. The microwave-dried product possesses a granular morphology suitable for direct compression because it is a free flowing and strongly coherent granular powder.     

Fixation techniques for fine needle aspiration biopsy smears prepared off site

OBJECTIVE: To identify a simple, cost-effective, reliable fixation method for fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) yielding a specimen suitable for mail transport. STUDY DESIGN: Smears prepared from 59 FNABs of surgical specimens were fixed by continuous fixation in 95% ethanol, spray fixation, air drying, ethanol fixation for either 5 minutes or 4 hours followed by spray fixation, or fixation in 95% ethanol for either 30 minutes or 4 hours followed by air drying. Fixation was graded as unsatisfactory, suboptimal, average, good or excellent. RESULTS: Of smears continuously fixed in ethanol, 96.6% were graded as excellent. Of smears fixed in ethanol followed by spray fixation, 93.2% were excellent irrespective of fixation time; 64.4% of spray-fixed smears were excellent and 27.1% good. Of air dried smears, 93.2% were unsatisfactory or suboptimal; 83.0% of smears fixed in ethanol for 30 minutes and 74.6% of smears fixed for 4 hours prior to air drying were unsatisfactory or suboptimal. CONCLUSION: Fixation of smears in 95% ethanol followed by spray fixation produces excellent results, comparable to those with continuous fixation in ethanol. Spray fixation is generally good but not consistently excellent. Air drying or fixation in ethanol followed by air drying yields unsatisfactory or suboptimal results in most cases.