激光复合诱变选育叶酸高产菌

利用高效液相色谱测定发酵液中叶酸含量,比较产朊假丝酵母(Candida utilis)、异常汉逊酵母(ftan-senula anomala)和枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)产叶酸能力的高低,从而确定生产叶酸的最佳菌种.出发菌株经紫外照射诱变后,再采用激光复合诱变方式进行进一步的筛选,并对其传代稳定性进行研究,以期进一步获得稳产高产叶酸产生菌突变株.结果表明产朊假丝酵母产叶酸量最高.紫外照射3 min得到的Y1.4菌株产叶酸量与原始菌株相比,产量提高了33.8%.激光一紫外复合诱变后筛选出4株产量较高的菌株,其中以Y2.12产量最高.Y2.12产叶酸量与原始菌株相比,提高了65.8%.经传代培养分析,Y2.12诱变株的产量稳定.该结果表明,激光复合诱变是获得高产叶酸的有效途径.     

物化因子结合诱变选育耐温型法夫酵母

以法夫酵母为出发菌株,采用紫外线及甲基磺酸乙酯对其进行诱变育种,筛选出1株最适生长温度比诱变前提高10℃且虾青素产量可达到5．08mg／L的突变菌株,该菌株经多次传代生产性能稳定。     

菊粉酶产生菌的筛选及60Co诱变选育简

目的：从新疆石河子盐碱地菊芋生长根际土壤中分离筛选高产菊粉酶活力菌株。方法：通过稀释平板涂布法分离微生物;利用^60Co诱变选育,96孔板筛选突变菌株;采用3,5-二硝基水杨酸比色法测定菊粉酶酶活。结果：分离到12株具有菊粉酶活力的菌株,复筛得到1株高产菊粉酶活力菌株,将其命名为G-60;以此菌株为出发菌株进行^60Co诱变,利用96孔板对诱变菌株进行筛选,经摇瓶发酵酶活测定,得到1株高产菊粉酶酶活的突变株,酶活达46．62U/mL,是未诱变菌株酶活的2．72倍。结论：经诱变得到1株高产菊粉酶活力的突变菌株。     

亚硝酸与紫外线复合诱变原生质体选育产酶菌株

目的：筛选出一株稳定、高产的产中性蛋白酶菌株。方法：以突变株UV_(11)(原生质体紫外诱变得到)为出发菌株,在原生质体形成与再生最佳条件下制备原生质体并进行亚硝酸与紫外线复合诱变。结果：得到突变株Bacillus subtilis UN_(19),产酶活力从最初的378．97U/ml提高到3965．84U/ml。结论：亚硝酸与紫外线复合诱变原生质体是一种很好的诱变方式。     

新型抗生素AGPM产生菌藤黄灰链霉菌的诱变育种

从土壤中分离得到一株藤黄灰链霉菌的新菌株099,该菌株能产生一种具有显抗肿瘤活性的新型抗生素AGPM。产生菌经紫外线单因子诱变、紫外线加氯化锂(LiCl)复合诱变等两种诱变方式诱变处理后,其AGPM产量达到了18．7μg/mL,较出发菌株提高了1．2倍。研究发现最忧的紫外辐射时间和氯化锂浓度分别是30-60s和0.05-0.09mol/L,并且由于氯化锂的协同效应,菌株在经氯化锂处理后,对紫外线的敏感性明显增强了。30L发酵罐发酵试验表明,利用高产突变株发酵,AGPM产量能达到18．5μg/mL;而利用出发菌株发酵,AGM产量仅为8．5μg/mL。     

产紫杉醇菌株原生质体诱变育种的研究

对紫杉醇产生菌NCEU-1的原生质体进行了紫外线和氯化锂复合诱变,筛选制霉菌素抗性突变株,共筛选出了4株正突变株。经发酵筛选试验,获得了一株遗传性状稳定、高产紫杉醇的原生质体诱变菌株——UL_04-5,其紫杉醇产量从出发菌株的314.07μg/L提高至418.24μg/L。     

3-羟基丙酸高产菌株的筛选及诱变选育

【目的】3-羟基丙酸是一种重要的化学平台化合物,期望得到一株能够高产3-羟基丙酸的菌株。【方法】从土壤及粪便筛选并对得到的菌株进行鉴定和复合诱变。【结果】得到了一株能够利用丙酸发酵生产3-羟基丙酸的酵母Y-11,经生理生化鉴定及18S rDNA序列分析确定其为Candida sp.(假丝酵母)。以Y-11为出发菌株,经紫外-亚硝基胍-60Coγ复合诱变得到了突变性状稳定且可遗传的高产菌株5-13B,其3-羟基丙酸的产量为11.78 g/L,是出发菌株的2.46倍。【结论】对出发菌株和突变株的发酵特性进行了比较,结果表明突变株的3-羟基丙酸产量、对底物丙酸的转化率、产物3-羟基丙酸的积累性能及丙酸的耐受性均优于出发菌株。     

采用复合诱变方法选育高产β-半乳糖苷酶菌株

目的:研究复合诱变方法选育高产β-半乳糖苷酶菌株.方法:以马克斯克鲁维酵母为出发菌株,经过紫外线诱变及硫酸二乙酯、亚硝基胍复合诱变,从大量突变株中进行筛选.结果:成功地选育出一株高产、稳定的菌株15D,其产酶活力由出发菌的124.5U/mg提高到172.4U/mg,酶活力提高了约1.4倍.结论:该方法选育β-半乳糖苷酶菌株是有效的.     

脱落酸高产菌的激光诱变筛选

对脱落酸产生菌分别进行了紫外诱变和紫外 -激光复合诱变筛选 ,结果表明紫外 -激光复合诱变正变率较高 ,正变幅度较大。从紫外 -激光复合诱变得到的突变株中筛选到一株遗传性状稳定的高产菌株 ,将其传代 5代 ,各子代发酵脱落酸的平均产量均在 2 .1mg·g-1 以上 ,比原始出发菌株产量提高了 32 %。     

耐酸性α-淀粉酶高产菌株的选育

从酒曲中筛选得到1株高产耐酸性α-淀粉酶的野生菌株Tx-78,经鉴定为曲霉属的黑曲霉(Aspergil-lus niger)。以Tx-78作为出发菌株,通过紫外线(UV)诱变和亚硝基胍(NG)诱变,获得了遗传稳定的高产菌株UN78358,其产酶量可达到1 120 U/mL。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.