SD大鼠和Beagle犬大唾液腺的形态学观察

目的-研究及观察SD大鼠和Beagle犬大唾液腺正常比较组织学.方法-SD大鼠和Beagle犬三对大唾液腺剖取后进行石蜡切片、HE染色和PAS染色,光学显微镜观察.结果-SD大鼠腮腺是纯浆液腺,Beagle犬腮腺属混合腺,以浆液性腺泡为主,偶见小的粘液细胞群.SD大鼠的下颌下腺属于以浆液腺泡为主的混合腺,Beagle犬的下颌下腺属于以粘液腺泡为主的混合腺.SD大鼠与Beagle犬的舌下腺均为粘液性腺泡为主的混合腺.Beagle犬的眶腺亦是以纯粘液性腺泡为主的混合腺结构.     

实验动物呼吸系统主要器官比较组织学研究

目的比较实验动物呼吸系统主要器官的组织学特征,为制定实验动物病理检测标准、以及毒理学、新药安全性评价提供依据。方法选取实验动物质量国家检测标准检测合格的恒河猴30只、昆明小鼠20只、SD大鼠20只、日本大耳白兔18只、比格犬16只、树鼩20只。除昆明小鼠采用颈椎脱臼致死外,其余动物麻醉后放血处死和病理解剖,对气管、肺脏进行病理大体检查和取材,常规病理制片,进行HE染色、特殊染色和免疫组化染色,显微镜下观察气管、肺脏的组织结构和细胞结构异同。结果 （1）实验动物气管上皮杯状细胞有差异：恒河猴、比格犬、日本大耳白兔杯状细胞较多,大鼠、小鼠、树鼩则较少或无。上皮分泌的黏液类型以中性黏液为主,比格犬杯状细胞分泌的黏液类型有中性黏液和酸性黏液。（2）实验动物黏膜下腺泡分布有差异：比格犬黏膜下层的腺泡最多,恒河猴、大鼠、小鼠、树鼩腺泡数量偏少,日本大耳白兔黏膜下层的混合腺泡最少。（3）实验动物的肺内支气管分支有差异：比格犬、恒河猴、日本大耳白兔由叶支气管、段支气管、小支气管、细支气管、终末细支气管和呼吸性细支气管组成,树鼩、大鼠、小鼠只由细支气管、终末细支气管和呼吸性细支气管组成。（4）实验动物细支气管组织结构有差异：恒河猴、比格犬的细支气管平滑肌为完整环形平滑肌层,没有缺失,而大鼠、小鼠、树鼩及日本大耳白兔的细支气管平滑肌薄或缺失。恒河猴、树鼩、大鼠细支气管有少量杯状细胞,其余实验动物均无杯状细胞。（5）实验动物Clara细胞形态有差异：比格犬Clara细胞呈立方形,其余动物呈柱状。结论实验动物呼吸系统组织结构的质是相同的,差异在于量的不同。研究人员在制定病理学检测标准、实验研究、药物安全性评价时应予充分考虑。     

喜树碱衍生物NCP4在不同种属肝微粒体中代谢稳定性研究

探讨喜树碱衍生物NCP4在人、SD大鼠、beagle犬肝微粒体中的体外代谢稳定性及代谢产物。应用体外肝微粒体孵育体系,采用HPLC-UV-MS(Q-TOF)法,考察NCP4的代谢稳定性,并推断其代谢产物结构。结果显示,NCP4在Beagle犬和人肝微粒体温孵代谢动力学参数T_(l/2)(min)相当,而在SD大鼠肝微粒体温孵的T_(l/2)(min)相差较大;此外,NCP4在SD大鼠肝微粒体中生成m/z[M+Na]~+为502、460、344的代谢产物,在Beagle犬、人肝微粒体中生成m/z[M+Na]~+为388、390、448的代谢产物。结果表明Beagle犬与人肝微粒体温孵体系中NCP4底物的代谢稳定性基本一致,且NCP4在beagle犬与人的肝微粒体代谢产物相同。可以为NCP4临床前安全性评价的实验动物选择提供依据。     

无创遥测技术观察运输应激对Beagle犬部分生理指标的影响

目的应用无创遥测技术观察运输应激对Beagle犬部分生理指标的影响。方法 16只Beagle犬随机分成两组（每组8只）,即对照组和运输应激组,并利用大动物无创生理信号遥测技术,分别监测清醒自由活动状态下对照组和运输应激组应激4 h后Beagle犬的心电图、活动、皮肤温度和呼吸参数的变化。结果 Beagle犬心率、RR间期、QT间期、活动、皮肤温度、呼吸均具有明显的昼夜节律变化（P〈0.01）;与对照组比,运输应激后Beagle犬心率、活动度、呼吸频率、每分钟通气量和潮气量均显著增加（P〈0.01）,RR间期、PR间期、皮肤温度均显著降低（P〈0.01）,相关分析表明运输应激对Beagle犬心率、活动、皮肤温度和呼吸频率具有显著的相关性（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）。结论运输应激可引起Beagle犬生理学指标的明显改变,但除皮肤温度外,运输应激（4 h）对Beagle犬昼夜节律变化破坏不明显;利用无创遥测技术平台可建立理想的Beagle犬生物模型,可用于动物福利和药理毒理学评价研究。     

大鼠眼球和泪腺中睫状神经营养因子及其受体的组织定位

目的观察睫状神经营养因子(CNTF)及其受体CNTFRα在大鼠眼球、泪腺上的分布情况.方法取雄性SD大鼠两侧眼球和泪腺,作石蜡切片,用免疫组织化学ABC法染色检测眼球、泪腺中CNTF和CNTFRα的免疫阳性反应.结果 CNTF和CNTFRα的免疫阳性反应产物在眼球和泪腺的组织定位基本相同,包括角膜上皮细胞、固有层神经纤维、角膜细胞、内皮细胞,虹膜上皮细胞,睫状体上皮细胞,晶状体上皮,视网膜色素上皮细胞、苗勒细胞、节细胞层细胞,球结膜上皮细胞,泪腺腺细胞及导管上皮.结论 CNTF及其受体选择性地分布于眼球和泪腺的一些细胞中,且多数细胞与房水和泪液的产生和接触有关.     

幽门螺杆菌感染Beagle犬动物模型的建立

建立幽门螺杆菌感染Beagle犬动物模型 ,为进行临床治疗及预防Hp感染研究提供实验基础。对Beagle犬进行一定程序的预处理后 ,口服灌喂Hp液体培养悬液。在以后不同时间段通过胃镜观察、组织培养、酶试验、粪便全菌ELISA检测、14 C 尿素呼气试验、PCR以及抗体检测等方法对Hp感染Beagle犬情况进行检测 ,观察细菌所引起的病理改变及定植时间。Beagle犬感染Hp数月后胃镜观察动物大体标本仍有病理改变 ;组织培养、酶实验、全菌检测及其它检测试验均阳性。Hp可以长时间定植于犬胃粘膜上并引起相应的病理改变 ,Beagle犬可以作为Hp感染动物模…     

正常新西兰白兔阴茎组织超声成像特征的实验研究

目的:明确正常新西兰白兔阴茎组织超声成像特征。方法:性成熟健康新西兰白兔3只(月龄4-5月),猝死后将阴茎切除放入4%中性福尔马林中固定24小时。将阴茎标本置入纯净水中,进行超声成像,扫查切面选择阴茎横截面。将阴茎标本横断面制成病理切片,进行HE染色观察。结果:超声成像清晰显示:阴茎包皮及皮下软组织、阴茎海绵体白膜、阴茎海绵体、尿道海绵体,这些结构的空间位置关系与阴茎标本和组织病理切片完全一致;同时,利用二维超声图像显示的白膜边界进行阴茎海绵体内径的测量,测值与组织病理切片基本一致。结论:利用二维超声可以观察和测量新西兰白兔阴茎组织结构,超声成像可以作为新西兰白兔阴茎疾病模型研究的一项影像学检测方法。     

巴氯芬注射液Beagle犬腰椎穿刺置管多次鞘内注射局部刺激性研究

目的模拟临床给药途径,Beagle犬腰椎穿刺置管多次鞘内注射巴氯芬注射液,观察其局部刺激性,同时进行犬行为学观察,为巴氯芬注射液安全性评价提供依据。方法12只Beagle犬分为假手术组,生理盐水对照组,巴氯芬给药组。行腰椎穿刺置管,使用单通道微量注射泵泵入给药,给药剂量为1000μg/d,生理盐水对照组给予生理盐水0.5mL,连续给药7d,恢复期7d。每日进行行为学观察,给药结束及恢复期结束时每组麻醉2只动物,取给药部位脊髓进行组织病理学检查。结果给药及恢复期期间动物行为未见异常,给药结束时各组均有部分动物观察到置管处表皮感染现象,进行局部消毒处理后在恢复期第3天恢复正常。组织病理学检查发现给药及恢复期结束时各组动物脊髓均可见血管周围炎细胞浸润或脊髓内钙盐沉积,各组无差别。给药结束时巴氯芬组1例动物脊膜处有肉芽组织形成,判定与置管操作有关。结论巴氯芬注射液Beagle犬腰椎穿刺置管连续7d鞘内注射,给药剂量为1000μg/d对脊髓无局部刺激性作用,动物行为也未见异常。     

Beagle犬的基础数据

目的检测不同性别年龄段Beagle犬的血液学和血生化指标,解剖称量分析8～12月龄Beagle犬脏器重量、系数等基础数据,为实验用Beagle犬的应用与研究提供参考数据。方法采用HITACHI-7020自动生化分析仪和SWELAB—AC920EO血球自动分析仪,检测了3000多只次不同性别和年龄的健康Beagle犬的血液学和血生化数据;解剖128头Beagle犬,称量及计算正常Beagle犬各内脏器官重量及系数。结果和结论获得正常Beagle犬的血液学RBC、HCT、MCV、RDW、HGB、MCH、MCHC、PLT、WBC、LYM、MID、GRA等指标正常值及标准差,血生化ALT、AST、ALP、TP、ALB、BUN、CREA、GLU、TCHO、TBILI、TG等指标正常值及标准差;获得Beagle犬心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏、左右肾、脑、肾上腺、胸腺、甲状腺、睾丸、前列腺、子宫、卵巢等内脏器官的重量和系数正常值及标准差。     

眼科常用实验动物视网膜血管的比较

目的比较眼科常用实验动物视网膜血管尤其是视网膜毛细血管的情况,为实验时正确选择动物模型提供基础。方法取猕猴、家猪、新西兰大白兔、犬、猫、SD大鼠、C57小鼠以及豚鼠的正常眼球数个,完整剥离整个视网膜,用ADPase法进行血管染色,对视网膜血管进行形态学的比较。结果猕猴视网膜大血管从视盘穿出,分成四支分别供应视网膜四个象限,每条血管逐级分支最后成为毛细血管,其毛细血管呈网状分布,在赤道处分成两层,至周边变成一层,且有发育良好的黄斑区毛细血管拱环结构。家猪视网膜大血管由视盘发出后放射状走行,毛细血管也呈网状分布,无黄斑拱环结构。兔仅视盘两侧部分视网膜可见血管,毛细血管网状不明显。犬的视网膜血管也放射状走行,但迂曲明显,毛细血管不成网状。猫、大鼠、小鼠的视网膜大血管均由视盘发出,猫的分成上、鼻下、颞下三支,大鼠、小鼠的各方向均有,区域性不明显,三者的毛细血管网均发育良好,至周边部仍很密集,呈两层分布。豚鼠视网膜无可见的血管。结论用于研究人视网膜血管尤其是毛细血管时,可选用猕猴、家猪、猫、大鼠和小鼠作为动物模型;但要研究人黄斑区血管时,仅可选用猕猴等灵长类动物。     

Characterization of immortalized rabbit lacrimal gland epithelial cells

Summary To establish an immortalized lacrimal gland epithelial cell line, the orbital lacrimal glands of normal New Zealand White rabbits were multiply injected with an immortalizing amphotropic retroviral vector (LXSN16E6E7) containing the E6 and E7 genes of human papillomavirus type 16. Lacrimal glands were removed after 2 d and acinar epithelial cells were isolated and cultured on Matrigel-coated 60 mm² plates containing DMEM-F12 supplemented with 5% Nu-serum V. Transformed cells were selected in G418 sulfate for 7 d and passaged. Morphology of the immortalized cells was similar to that described for normal acinar cells both in vivo and in vitro, with rough endoplasmic reticulum and secretory granules. These characteristics remained unchanged and the cells continued to exhibit typical polygonal epithelioid structure. The cells have been maintained in culture for 14 mo. and have gone through 58 passages without loss of proliferation or epithelial cell characteristics. Immunohistochemistry and Western blots showed positive reactivity to secretory component, transferrin, and transferrin receptor, which are typical proteins found in the lacrimal gland. Functional analysis by stimulation with a cholinergic agonist, carbachol (100 μM), resulted in a significant release of protein. This is the first report of an immortalized rabbit lacrimal epithelial cell. These cells will provide a valuable tool for the molecular analysis of lacrimal gland epithelial cell functions.     

常用实验动物不同组织部位肥大细胞异质性的组织学特点比较

目的探讨并比较六种常用实验动物不同部位肥大细胞异质性的形态学特点。方法应用麻醉后处死的方法,取小鼠、大鼠、豚鼠、兔、犬和猴的皮肤、肺脏、乙状结肠和脾脏组织,经4%中性缓冲甲醛溶液或Bouin’s液固定后,制作常规组织切片,分别作HE、甲苯胺蓝、阿尔新蓝-藏红和P物质免疫组织化学染色,镜下观察并应用彩色病理图像分析软件进行形态学分析;另取皮肤组织固定于磷酸缓冲戊二醛溶液,制作常规超薄切片,透射电镜下观察肥大细胞超微结构。结果六种动物不同组织中肥大细胞各有其分布特点,且在形态大小、异染性及染色特性等方面表现各异,肥大细胞密度和形态学参数差异有显著性（P〈0.05）;豚鼠、犬和猴皮肤肥大细胞颗粒具有特殊亚微结构;小鼠皮肤组织内可见P物质免疫阳性肥大细胞和神经纤维,犬脾脏内可见P物质免疫阳性肥大细胞。结论在六种实验动物的同一组织中以及同一种动物不同组织中,肥大细胞具有明显的异质性,此异质性对采用实验动物开展与肥大细胞功能相关的动物实验研究具有重要参考价值。     

Prenatal effects of the cancer chemotherapeutic drug ICRF 159 in mice, rats, and rabbits.

The antimitotic, anticancer drug ICRF 159 [(plus or minus)-1,2,'bis(3,5'dioxopiperazine-l-yl)propane] when given to pregnant BALB/c mice, Sprague-Dawley and Wistar rats, and New Zealand white rabbits had mainly embryolethal effects; the margin between no apparent activity and total embryolethality was narrow. A small percentage of fetuses were malformed and some exhibited retarded development. In all three species the time of maximum sensitivity to the drug was early in gestation, between days 6-10 in mice, 6-8 in rats, and 7-10 in rabbits.     

Bevacizumab Eye Drop Treatment Stimulates Tear Secretion in Rats Through Changes in VEGF and NGF Lacrimal Gland Levels

VEGF and NGF are known to modulate corneal healing, neovascularisation and tear secretion. While a VEGF-NGF cross talk has been recently shown to modulate corneal healing in rats, it is not known whether it also plays a role in the regulation of lacrimal function. In this study we aim to investigate the effects of anti-VEGF eye drop treatment on lacrimal gland function and on the local expression of VEGF and NGF in rats. Tear function was measured in 3 months old rats by modified Schirmer test at baseline and after 3 weeks of topical anti-VEGF eye drop treatment. Whole lacrimal glands from rats were removed after treatment and analysed by ELISA for VEGF and NGF levels. To investigate if the effects of anti-VEGF were mediated by changes in the NGF-pathway, we repeated the experiments in RCS rats, a strain with NGF-pathway impairment associated with decreased tear flow. After topical treatment with anti-VEGF eye drops, an increase in tear secretion was observed in both wild-type and RCS rats. A significant decrease of VEGF levels was also observed in lacrimal glands of both RCS and SD rats, accompanied by a significant increase in NGF levels. Inhibition of VEGF at the ocular surface in rats results in changes of tear function and lacrimal gland levels of VEGF and NGF. Further studies on the VEGF/NGF cross-talk at the ocular surface may expand our knowledge on the pathogenesis of several diseases characterized by tear dysfunction.     

Effects of haemolysins of groups A and B streptococci on cardiovascular system.

Anaesthetized New Zealand white rabbits and rats were either injected or infused with streptolysin S and group B streptococcal haemolysins in order to observe the haemodynamic actions of these haemolysins. Results showed that streptolysin S had little or no effect. In contrast, group B streptococcal haemolysin showed significant hypotensive action as manifested in rapid reduction of systolic, mean, diastolic and pulse pressures, and a limited number of deaths due to shock.     

二磷酸盐促进假体周围骨溶解后假体翻修骨整合的实验研究

目的:评价阿仑膦酸钠对新西兰大白兔假体周围发生骨溶解后,再进行对新西兰大白兔假体翻修骨整合的影响。方法:选取雄性新西兰大白兔30只,随机分成3组(正常组,实验组,对照组,每组10只)。正常组在胫骨松质骨区域植入钛合金假体,实验组和对照组分别植入钛合金假体和钛颗粒,饲养8周后,三组统一进行假体翻修。实验组用阿仑磷酸钠治疗8周后取材,对照组和正常翻修组也分别进行取材。通过假体推出力学实验、硬组织切片观察,评价阿仑磷酸钠对假体周围翻修后骨整合的影响。结果:假体推出力学实验结果显示,实验组假体最大推出载荷明显大于对照组(P0.01)。硬组织学切片通过苦味酸--品红染色,利用图像分析仪器统计假体周围骨整合的面积实验组假体周围骨量明显优于对照组假体周围骨量(P0.05)。结论:二磷酸盐-阿仑磷酸钠可以提高假体翻修后假体周围骨整合。     

Induction and evaluation of atherosclerosis in New Zealand white rabbits

Atherosclerosis was experimentally induced in New Zealand white rabbits by feeding a high cholesterol diet for 12 weeks for screening of drugs against atherosclerosis. After 12 weeks, blood was collected from ear vein for evaluation of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) levels, then the animals were sacrificed to collect the livers for estimation of cholesterol, and aorta for gross and histopathological evaluations. The elevated levels of serum and liver parameters accompanied by gross and histopathological changes like accumulation of foam cells, atheromatous plaque formation and replacement fibrosis supported the successful induction of atherosclerosis in New Zealand white rabbits.