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1.
It has been overlooked that the change of hardness, η, upon bonding is intimately connected to thermochemical cycles, which determine whether hardness is increased according to Pearson’s “maximum hardness principle” (MHP) or equalized, as expected by Datta’s “hardness equalization principle” (HEP). So far the performances of these likely incompatible “structural principles” have not been compared. Computational validations have been inconclusive because the hardness values and even their qualitative trends change drastically and unsystematically at different levels of theory. Here I elucidate the physical basis of both rules, and shed new light on them from an elementary experimental source. The difference, Δη = η mol – <η at>, of the molecular hardness, η mol, and the averaged atomic hardness, <η at>, is determined by thermochemical cycles involving the bond dissociation energies D of the molecule, D + of its cation, and D ? of its anion. Whether the hardness is increased, equalized or even reduced is strongly influenced by ΔD = 2D – D + ? D ?. Quantitative expressions for Δη are obtained, and the principles are tested on 90 molecules and the association reactions forming them. The Wigner-Witmer symmetry constraints on bonding require the valence state (VS) hardness, η VS, instead of the conventional ground state (GS) hardness, η GS. Many intriguingly “unpredictable” failures and systematic shortcomings of said “principles” are understood and overcome for the first time, including failures involving exotic and/or challenging molecules, such as Be2, B2, O3, and transition metal compounds. New linear relationships are discovered between the MHP hardness increase Δη VS and the intrinsic bond dissociation energy D i . For bond formations, MHP and HEP are not compatible, and HEP does not qualify as an ordering rule. 相似文献
2.
Jing Wang Le Yang Dan Wang Lichun Dong Rachel Chen 《Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology》2016,43(4):505-516
In this study, a novel engineering Escherichia coli strain (CBMG111) with the expression of mgtCB gene was constructed for the enhanced fermentative production of succinic acid by utilizing the synergetic effect of mgtC gene to improve the growth of strains at the environment of low Mg2+ concentration and mgtB to enhance the transport of Mg2+ into cells. After the effect of the expression of the individual genes (mgtA, mgtB, mgtC) on the growth of E. coli was clarified, the fermentative production of succinic acid by CBMG111 was studied with the low-price mixture of Mg(OH)2 and NH3·H2O as the alkaline neutralizer and the biomass hydrolysates as the carbon sources, which demonstrated that the expression of mgtCB gene can significantly increase the productivity of succinic acid (2.97 g L?1 h?1) compared with that by using the engineering strain with the overexpression of mgtA gene. 相似文献
3.
Naoko Sato Yoshimi Hasegawa Asami Saito Fuyuhiko Motoi Kyohei Ariake Yu Katayose Kei Nakagawa Kei Kawaguchi Shin Fukudo Michiaki Unno Fumiko Sato 《BioPsychoSocial medicine》2018,12(1):13
Background
Pancreatic cancer (PC) has poorer prognosis and higher surgical invasiveness than many other cancers, with associated psychiatric symptoms including depression and anxiety. Perioperative depression has not been investigated in PC patients regarding surgical stress and relevant interventions.Methods
We evaluated chronological depressive changes and subjective physical symptoms in surgically treated PC patients preoperatively and at 3 and 6 months postoperatively.Enrolled patients undergoing pancreatic tumor surgery completed questionnaires based on the Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy for Patients with Hepatobiliary Cancer (FACT-Hep) preoperatively, and at 3 and 6 months postoperatively. Responses were analyzed with JMP® Pro using one-way and two-way ANOVA, Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis.Results
Malignancy was diagnosed in 73 of 101 patients postoperatively; SDS score was significantly higher in these patients than in those with benign tumors at all timepoints: malignant/benign, 41.8/37.9 preoperatively (p?=?0.004); 43.5/37.8 3 months postoperatively (p?=?0.006); and 42.9/37.7 6 months postoperatively (p?=?0.020). SDS scores were significantly higher in patients <?65 years old with malignancy at 3 months than at 6 months postoperatively (44.6/42.5, p?=?0.046) and in patients with malignancy who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy at 3 months postoperatively than preoperatively (43.4/41.1; p?=?0.028). SDS scores moderately correlated with 8 physical symptom-related FACT-Hep items 3 months postoperatively (p?<?0.05), showing low-to-moderate correlation with 16 physical symptom-related FACT-Hep items at 6 months postoperatively (p?<?0.05). Multiple regression analysis of FACT-Hep symptoms significantly correlated with SDS scores revealed the following significant variables: “lack of energy” (p?<?0.000) and “pain” (p?=?0.018) preoperatively (R2?=?0.43); “able to perform usual activities” (p?=?0.031) and “lack of energy” (p?<?0.000) at 3 months postoperatively (R2?=?0.51); and “stomach swelling or cramps” (p?=?0.034) and “bowel control” (p?=?0.049) at 6 months postoperatively (R2?=?0.52).Conclusions
PC patients experience persistently high levels of depression preoperatively through 6 months postoperatively, with associated subjective symptoms including pain and gastrointestinal symptoms.Trial registration
UMIN Clinical Trials Registry 000009592, Registered 20 December 2012.4.
This study investigated visual response properties of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) under high glucose levels. Extracellular single-unit responses of RGCs from mouse retinas were recorded. And the eyecup was prepared as a flat mount in a recording chamber and superfused with Ames medium. The averaged RF size of the ON RGCs (34.1±2.9, n=14) was significantly smaller than the OFF RGCs under the HG (49.3±0.3, n=12) (P<0.0001) conditions. The same reduction pattern was also observed in the osmotic control group (HM) between ON and OFF RGCs (P<0.0001). The averaged luminance threshold (LT) of ON RGCs increased significantly under HG or HM (HG: P<0.0001; HM: P<0.0002). OFF RGCs exhibited a similar response pattern under the same conditions (HG: P<0.01; HM: P<0.0002). The averaged contrast gain of ON cells was significantly lower than that of OFF cells with the HM treatment (P<0.015, unpaired Student’s t test). The averaged contrast gain of ON cells was significantly higher than OFF cells with the HG treatment (P<0.0001). The present results suggest that HG reduced receptive field center size, suppressed luminance threshold, and attenuated contrast gain of RGCs. The impact of HG on ON and OFF RGCs may be mediated via different mechanisms. 相似文献
5.
Shin-ichi Tsuruta Masumi Ebina Makoto Kobayashi Wataru Takahashi Yoshifumi Terajima 《Molecular breeding : new strategies in plant improvement》2017,37(6):71
Erianthus arundinaceus, a member of the Saccharum complex, is of interest as a potential resource for sugarcane improvement and as a bioenergy crop. Genetic analyses of germplasm collections of E. arundinaceus are being used increasingly. To expand the genomic resources in E. arundinaceus, we aimed at developing simple sequence repeat markers. Using pyrosequencing on the 454 GS FLX system, we sequenced genomic DNA from “JW630” collected in Japan. A total of 1682 candidate loci were used to design the primers, and 1234 primer pairs amplified fragments of the expected size in the primer screening with three wild E. arundinaceus accessions (JW630, “JW4,” and “IJ76-349”). The efficiency of genotyping was validated with a subset of 174 primer pairs and 8 E. arundinaceus accessions. Of these primer pairs, 171 amplified fragments in all accessions tested and 162 detected polymorphic loci. The average values of genetic parameters were estimated as 0.30 (range, 0.09–0.49) for polymorphic information content, 1.65 (0.00–5.87) for marker index, and 2.78 (0.00–8.75) for resolving power. Using these parameters, we selected 61 primer pairs with large discriminatory power for the analyzed loci. Of the 174 primer pairs, 45 (25.9%) were also applicable to Saccharum and 33 (19.0%) to Miscanthus species. These markers would provide a valuable tool for estimating genetic diversity and constructing linkage maps in E. arundinaceus, which would be useful for genetic study and breeding. 相似文献
6.
Objectives
To enhance succinic acid production in Corynebacterium glutamicum by increasing the supply of NADH and the rate of glucose consumption by decreasing H+-ATPase activity.Results
A mutant of C. glutamicum NC-3-1 with decreased H+-ATPase activity was constructed. This increased the rate of glycolysis and the supply of NADH. Fermentation of C. glutamicum NC-3-1 gave 39 % higher succinic acid production (113 and 81 g/l), a 29 % higher succinic acid yield (0.94 and 0.73 g succinic acid/g glucose) and decreased by-products formation compared to that of C. glutamicum NC-3 in 5 l bioreactor.Conclusion
The point mutation in C. glutamicum NC-3-1 increased the rate of glycolysis and resulted in higher succinic acid production, higher succinic acid yield and significantly decreased formation of by-products.7.
8.
Zbigniew Szyndlar 《Pal?ontologische Zeitschrift》2009,83(1):55-66
The Early/Middle Miocene (European Land Mammal Zone MN5) localities of Sandelzhausen and Rothenstein 13 in southern Germany have yielded remains of about 13 ophidian taxa: Eoanilius sp. (Aniliidae), Bavarioboa ultima (Boidae), “Coluber” sp., ?Telescopus sp., Natrix sp., cf. Natrix sp., cf. “Neonatrix” sp., unidentified “colubrines” and “natricines” (Colubridae), Naja sp., an unidentified elapid (Elapidae), Vipera sp. (“Oriental viper”), Vipera sp. (“aspis complex”) (Viperidae). Both faunas document a transitional phase from those reported from several late Early and Middle Miocene sites of Central and Western Europe. The climates of Sandelzhausen and Rothenstein 13, as indicated by ophidian fossils, were warm, although not tropical or subtropical. 相似文献
9.
In 2012 to 2014, Philippine green coffee beans from Coffea arabica in Benguet and Ifugao; Coffea canephora var. Robusta in Abra, Cavite, and Ifugao; and Coffea liberica and Coffea excelsea from Cavite were collected and assessed for the distribution of fungi with the potential to produce ochratoxin A (OTA). The presence of fungal species was evaluated both before and after surface sterilization. There were remarkable ecological and varietal differences in the population of OTA-producing species from the five provinces. Aspergillus ochraceus, A. westerdijkiae, and Penicillium verruculosum were detected from Arabica in Benguet and Ifugao while Aspergillus carbonarius, Aspergillus niger, and Aspergillus japonicus were isolated in Excelsa, Liberica, and Robusta varieties from Abra, Cavite, and Davao. Contamination by Aspergillus and Penicillium species was found on 59 and 19 %, respectively, of the 57 samples from five provinces. After disinfection with 1 % sodium hypochlorite, the levels of infection by Aspergillus and Penicillium fell to 40 and 17 %, respectively. A total of 1184 fungal isolates were identified to species level comprising Aspergillus sections Circumdati (four species), Clavati (one), Flavi (one), Fumigati (one), Nigri (three), and Terrie (one). Within section Circumdati, 70 % of A. ochraceus produced OTA as high as 16238 ng g?1 while 40 % of A. westerdijkiae produced maximum OTA of 36561 ng g?1 in solid agar. Within section Nigri, 16.76 % of A. niger produced OTA at the highest 18439 ng g?1, 10 % of A. japonicus at maximum level of 174 ng g?1, and 21.21 % of A. carbonarius yielded maximum OTA of 1900 ng g?1. Of the 12 species of Penicillium isolated, P. verruculosum was ochratoxigenic, with a maximum OTA production of 12 ng g?1. 相似文献
10.
Single cells of five different Microcystis species (M. ichthyoblabe, M. viridis, M. flos-aquae, M. wesenbergii, and M. aeruginosa) were batch-cultured at different temperatures and light intensities: (a) 25 °C and 50 μmol photons m?2 s?1 (control culture); (b) 25 °C and 10 μmol photons m?2 s?1; and (c) 15 °C and 50 μmol photons m?2 s?1. The extracellular polysaccharide content was significantly higher in treatments b and c than in the control treatment. All Microcystis species existed as single cells under the control treatment but formed colonies in treatments b and c. All of the colonies were irregular with indistinct margins. M. ichthyoblabe, M. viridis, M. flos-aquae, and M. wesenbergii formed colonies with similar morphologies and their cells were loosely aggregated. In contrast, M. aeruginosa formed denser colonies with no distinct holes. The colony morphologies differed from the classic morphology of M. ichthyoblabe field-grown colonies but resembled that of small colonies found in Lake Taihu (Yangtze Delta Plain, China) during early spring. This indicates that field- and laboratory-grown colonies are governed by similar formation processes. We suggest that in laboratory and field environments, M. ichthyoblabe (or M. flos-aquae) colonies are representative of small colonies formed from single Microcystis cells, whereas the morphology of older colonies evolves to resemble M. wesenbergii and M. aeruginosa colonies. 相似文献
11.
Alisa W. Coffin Timothy C. Strickland William F. Anderson Marshall C. Lamb Richard R. Lowrance Coby M. Smith 《Bioenergy Research》2016,9(2):587-600
With global increases in the production of cellulosic biomass for fuel, or “biofuel,” concerns over potential negative effects of using land for biofuel production have promoted attention to concepts of agricultural landscape design that sustainably balance tradeoffs between food, fuel, fiber, and conservation. The Energy Independence Security Act (EISA) of 2007 mandates an increase in advanced biofuels to 21 billion gallons in 2022. The southeastern region of the USA has been identified as a contributor to meeting half of this goal. We used a GIS-based approach to estimate the production and N-removal potential of three perennial biofeedstocks planted as conservation buffers (field borders associated with riparian buffers, and grassed waterways) on the Coastal Plain of Georgia, USA. Land cover, hydrology, elevation, and soils data were used to identify locations within agricultural landscapes that are most susceptible to runoff, erosion, and nutrient loss. We estimated potential annual biomass production from these areas to be: 2.5–3.5 Tg for giant miscanthus (Miscanthus?×?giganteus), 2–8.6 Tg for “Merkeron” napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum), and 1.9–7.5 Tg for “Alamo” switchgrass (Panicum virgatum). When production strategies were taken into consideration, we estimated total biomass yield of perennial grasses for the Georgia Coastal Plain at 2.2–9.4 Tg year?1. Using published rates of N removal and ethanol conversion, we calculated the amount of potential N removal by these systems as 8100–51,000 Mg year?1 and ethanol fuel production as 778–3296 Ml year?1 (206 to 871 million gal. US). 相似文献
12.
Tomás Cerdó Alicia Ruiz Ruy Jáuregui Hatim Azaryah Francisco José Torres-Espínola Luz García-Valdés M. Teresa Segura Antonio Suárez Cristina Campoy 《Journal of physiology and biochemistry》2018,74(1):159-169
Children born to obese mothers are at increased risk for obesity, but the mechanisms behind this association are not fully understood. Our study aimed to investigate differences in the functions encoded by the microbiome of infants at 18 months of age when the transition from early infant-feeding to solid family foods is established. To investigate the impact of maternal prepregnancy body mass index on infants’ gut microbiome, faecal samples from infants born to normoweight (n = 21) and obese mothers (n = 18) were analysed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and a functional-inference-based microbiome analysis. Our results indicated that Firmicutes was significantly enriched in infants born to normoweight mothers whereas Bacteroidetes was significantly enriched in infants born to obese women. In both microbiomes, the greatest number of genes (>50%) that were assigned a function encoded for proteins involved in “metabolism” among tier 1 KEGG Orthology (KO) categories. At lower KO functional categories, the microbiome of infants born to normoweight mothers was characterized by a significant enrichment in the abundances of “pentose phosphate pathway” (p = 0.037), “lysine biosynthesis” (p = 0.043), “glycerolipid metabolism” (p = 0.042), and “C5-branched dibasic acid metabolism” (p = 0.045). Notably, the microbiome of infants born to obese mothers was significantly enriched in “streptomycin biosynthesis” (p = 0.047), “sulphur metabolism” (p = 0.041), “taurine and hypotaurine metabolism” (p = 0.036), and “lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis” (p = 0.043). In summary, our study showed that maternal prepregnancy obesity may imprint a selective gut microbial composition during late infancy with distinct functional performances. 相似文献
13.
Paolo Ascenzi Diego Sbardella Federica Sinibaldi Roberto Santucci Massimo Coletta 《Journal of biological inorganic chemistry》2016,21(3):421-432
Horse heart carboxymethylated cytc (CM-cytc) displays myoglobin-like properties. Here, the effect of cardiolipin (CL) liposomes on the nitrite reductase activity of ferrous CM-cytc [CM-cytc-Fe(II)], in the presence of sodium dithionite, is reported between pH 5.5 and 7.6, at 20.0 °C. Cytc-Fe(II) displays a very low value of the apparent second-order rate constant for the NO2 ?-mediated conversion of cytc-Fe(II) to cytc-Fe(II)-NO [k on = (7.3 ± 0.7) × 10?2 M?1 s?1; at pH 7.4], whereas the value of k on for NO2 ? reduction by CM-cytc-Fe(II) is 1.1 ± 0.2 M?1 s?1 (at pH 7.4). CL facilitates the NO2 ?-mediated nitrosylation of CM-cytc-Fe(II) in a dose-dependent manner, the value of k on for the NO2 ?-mediated conversion of CL–CM-cytc-Fe(II) to CL–CM-cytc-Fe(II)-NO (5.6 ± 0.6 M?1 s?1; at pH 7.4) being slightly higher than that for the NO2 ?-mediated conversion of CL–cytc-Fe(II) to CL–cytc-Fe(II)-NO (2.6 ± 0.3 M?1 s?1; at pH 7.4). The apparent affinity of CL for CM-cytc-Fe(II) is essentially pH independent, the average value of B being (1.3 ± 0.3) × 10?6 M. In the absence and presence of CL liposomes, the nitrite reductase activity of CM-cytc-Fe(II) increases linearly on lowering pH and the values of the slope of the linear fittings of Log k on versus pH are ?1.05 ± 0.07 and ?1.03 ± 0.03, respectively, reflecting the involvement of one proton for the formation of the transient ferric form, NO, and OH?. These results indicate that Met80 carboxymethylation and CL binding cooperate in the stabilization of the highly reactive heme-Fe atom of CL–CM-cytc. 相似文献
14.
Elena Diaz-Almela Sophie Arnaud-Haond Mirjam S. Vliet Elvira Álvarez Núria Marbà Carlos M. Duarte Ester A. Serrão 《Conservation Genetics》2007,8(6):1377-1391
We explored the relationships between perturbation-driven population decline and genetic/genotypic structure in the clonal seagrass Posidonia oceanica, subject to intensive meadow regression around four Mediterranean fish-farms, using seven specific microsatellites. Two meadows were randomly sampled (40 shoots) within 1,600 m2 at each site: the “impacted” station, 5–200 m from fish cages, and the “control” station, around 1,000 m downstream further away (considered a proxy of the pre-impact genetic structure at the site). Clonal richness (R), Simpson genotypic diversity (D*) and clonal sub-range (CR) were highly variable among sites. Nevertheless, the maximum distance at which clonal dispersal was detected, indicated by CR, was higher at impacted stations than at the respective control station (paired t-test: P < 0.05, N = 4). The mean number of alleles (Â) and the presence of rare alleles ( r) decreased at impacted stations (paired t-test: P < 0.05, and P < 0.02, respectively, N = 4). At a given perturbation level (quantified by the organic and nutrient loads), shoot mortality at the impacted stations significantly decreased with CR at control stations (R 2 = 0.86, P < 0.05). Seagrass mortality also increased with  (R 2 = 0.81, P < 0.10), R (R 2 = 0.96, P < 0.05) and D* (R 2 = 0.99, P < 0.01) at the control stations, probably because of the negative correlation between those parameters and CR. Therefore, the effects of clonal size structure on meadow resistance could play an important role on meadow survival. Large genotypes of P. oceanica meadows thus seem to resist better to fish farm-derived impacts than little ones. Clonal integration, foraging advantage or other size-related fitness traits could account for this effect. 相似文献
15.
Andrew S. Gregory Jennifer A. J. Dungait Ian F. Shield William J. Macalpine Jennifer Cunniff Mark Durenkamp Rodger P. White Adrian Joynes Goetz M. Richter 《Bioenergy Research》2018,11(2):382-397
Bioenergy crops have a secondary benefit if they increase soil organic C (SOC) stocks through capture and allocation below-ground. The effects of four genotypes of short-rotation coppice willow (Salix spp., ‘Terra Nova’ and ‘Tora’) and Miscanthus (M.?×?giganteus (‘Giganteus’) and M. sinensis (‘Sinensis’)) on roots, SOC and total nitrogen (TN) were quantified to test whether below-ground biomass controls SOC and TN dynamics. Soil cores were collected under (‘plant’) and between plants (‘gap’) in a field experiment on a temperate agricultural silty clay loam after 4 and 6 years’ management. Root density was greater under Miscanthus for plant (up to 15.5 kg m?3) compared with gap (up to 2.7 kg m?3), whereas willow had lower densities (up to 3.7 kg m?3). Over 2 years, SOC increased below 0.2 m depth from 7.1 to 8.5 kg m?3 and was greatest under Sinensis at 0–0.1 m depth (24.8 kg m?3). Miscanthus-derived SOC, based on stable isotope analysis, was greater under plant (11.6 kg m?3) than gap (3.1 kg m?3) for Sinensis. Estimated SOC stock change rates over the 2-year period to 1-m depth were 6.4 for Terra Nova, 7.4 for Tora, 3.1 for Giganteus and 8.8 Mg ha?1 year?1 for Sinensis. Rates of change of TN were much less. That SOC matched root mass down the profile, particularly under Miscanthus, indicated that perennial root systems are an important contributor. Willow and Miscanthus offer both biomass production and C sequestration when planted in arable soil. 相似文献
16.
Inheritance pattern of wood traits viz. specific gravity, fibre dimensions and fibre-derived biometrical indices and their interactions among themselves and with that of growth are reported in Hevea brasiliensis. Girth (h2 =???0.02?±?0.44 to h2 =?0.35?±?0.24) showed moderate genetic control. Among wood traits, specific gravity (h2?=?0.15?±?0.31 to h2 =?0.33?±?0.28) was found to be under moderate genetic control. Fibre traits viz., fibre length (h2 =???0.26?±?0.30 to h2 =?0.50?±?0.34), fibre diameter (h2 =?0.19?±?0.49 to h2 =?0.70?±?0.11), fibre lumen diameter (h2 =???0.18?±?0.35 to h2 =?0.56?±?0.47) and fibre wall thickness (h2 =???5.17?±?5.26 to h2 =?0.50?±?0.50) were under moderate to strong genetic control. Among fibre-derived indices, flexibility coefficient (h2 =?0.48?±?0.21 to h2 =?0.89?±?0.29) showed moderate to very strong genetic control. The Runkel ratio (h2 =???0.40?±?0.27 to h2 =?0.42?±?0.29) and slenderness ratio (h2 =???0.36?±?0.29 to h2 =?0.43?±?0.28) showed moderate genetic control. Girth showed very strong positive genetic correlation with fibre wall thickness and strong positive correlation with fibre width indicating scope of indirect selection potential for these traits. Wood specific gravity was not correlated with either girth or fibre traits. Hence, it would be possible to concomitantly improve growth and fibre traits without adversely affecting wood specific gravity. Moderate to very high estimates of heritability for fibre traits, girth and specific gravity indicated that considerable genetic gain can be realised for these traits. Implications of the above findings in genetic improvement of wood in Hevea are discussed. 相似文献
17.
Rajesh Kondamudi K. N. Swamy Y. Venkateswara Rao T. Vishnu Kiran K. Suman D. Sanjeeva Rao P. Raghuveer Rao D. Subrahmanyam N. Sarla B. Ramana Kumari S. R. Voleti 《Acta Physiologiae Plantarum》2016,38(6):160
Carbon balancing within the plant species is an important feature for climatic adaptability. Photosynthesis and respiration traits are directly linked with carbon balance. These features were studied in 20 wild rice accessions Oryza spp., and cultivars. Wide variation was observed within the wild rice accessions for photosynthetic oxygen evolution or photosynthetic rate (A), dark (R d), and light induced respiration (LIR) rates, as well as stomatal density and number. The mean rate of A varied from 10.49 μmol O2 m?2 s?1 in cultivated species and 13.09 μmol O2 m?2 s?1 in wild spp., The mean R d is 2.09 μmol O2 m?2 s?1 and 2.31 μmol O2 m?2 s?1 in cultivated and wild spp., respectively. Light induced Respiration (LIR) was found to be almost twice in wild rice spp., (16.75 μmol O2 m?2 s?1) compared to cultivated Oryza spp., Among the various parameters, this study reveals LIR and A as the key factors for positive carbon balance. Stomatal contribution towards carbon balance appears to be more dependent on abaxial surface where several number of stomata are situated. Correlation analysis indicates that R d and LIR increase with the increase in A. In this study, O. nivara (CR 100100, CR 100097), O. rufipogon (IR 103404) and O. glumaepatula (IR104387) were identified as potential donors which could be used in rice breeding program. Co-ordination between gas exchange and patchiness in stomatal behaviour appears to be important for carbon balance and environmental adaptation of wild rice accessions, therefore, survival under harsh environment. 相似文献
18.
Effects of oxygen transfer on recombinant protein production by Pichia pastoris under glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase promoter were investigated. Recombinant glucose isomerase was chosen as the model protein. Two groups of oxygen transfer strategies were applied, one of which was based on constant oxygen transfer rate where aeration rate was Q O/V = 3 and 10 vvm, and agitation rate was N = 900 min?1; while the other one was based on constant dissolved oxygen concentrations, C DO = 5, 10, 15, 20 and 40 % in the fermentation broth, by using predetermined exponential glucose feeding with μ o = 0.15 h?1. The highest cell concentration was obtained as 44 g L?1 at t = 9 h of the glucose fed-batch phase at C DO = 20 % operation while the highest volumetric and specific enzyme activities were obtained as 4440 U L?1 and 126 U g?1 cell, respectively at C DO = 15 % operation. Investigation of specific enzyme activities revealed that keeping C DO at 15 % was more advantageous with an expense of relatively higher by-product formation and lower specific cell growth rate. For this strategy, the highest oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen uptake rate were K L a = 0.045 s?1 and OUR = 8.91 mmol m?3 s?1, respectively. 相似文献
19.
Seung-Hye Hong Ho-Phuong-Thuy Ngo Lin-Woo Kang Deok-Kun Oh 《Biotechnology letters》2015,37(4):849-856
A recombinant alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) from Kangiella koreensis was purified as a 40 kDa dimer with a specific activity of 21.3 nmol min?1 mg?1, a K m of 1.8 μM, and a k cat of 1.7 min?1 for all-trans-retinal using NADH as cofactor. The enzyme showed activity for all-trans-retinol using NAD + as a cofactor. The reaction conditions for all-trans-retinol production were optimal at pH 6.5 and 60 °C, 2 g enzyme l?1, and 2,200 mg all-trans-retinal l?1 in the presence of 5 % (v/v) methanol, 1 % (w/v) hydroquinone, and 10 mM NADH. Under optimized conditions, the ADH produced 600 mg all-trans-retinol l?1 after 3 h, with a conversion yield of 27.3 % (w/w) and a productivity of 200 mg l?1 h?1. This is the first report of the characterization of a bacterial ADH for all-trans-retinal and the biotechnological production of all-trans-retinol using ADH. 相似文献
20.
Lucas Alves Maroubo Diva S. Andrade João Henrique Caviglione Gisele Milani Lovato Getulio Takashi Nagashima 《Bioenergy Research》2018,11(4):748-762
In this study, our working hypothesis was to examine whether temperature alters biomass and metabolite production by microalgae according to strain. We also addressed whether it is possible to choose a strain suitable for growing in each season of a given region. A factorial experiment revealed a significant interaction between chlorophylls a and b (Chl a and Chl b), carotenoid/Chl (a?+?b) ratio, biomass and total lipid productivity of six green microalgae (four Chlorella spp., Chlorella sorokiniana and Neochloris oleoabundans) after 15 days at four temperatures. At 39/35 °C, two Chlorella sp. strains (IPR7115 and IPR7117) showed higher total carotenoids/Chl (a?+?b) (0.578 and 0.830), respectively. N. oleoabundans had the highest Chl a (8210 μg L?1) and Chl b (1909 μg L?1) at 19/15 °C and highest maximum dry biomass (2900 mg L?1), specific growth rate (0.538 day?1) and total lipids (1003 mg L?1) at 15/8 °C. We applied a method to infer the growth of these six green microalgae in outdoor ponds, as based on their response to changing temperatures and by combining with historical data on day/night air temperature occurrence for a given region. We conclude that the use of regionalized maps based on air temperature is a good strategy for predicting microalgal cultivation in outdoor ponds based on their features and tolerance to changing temperature. 相似文献