基于RNA-seq分析bdhA敲除对枯草芽孢杆菌产纳豆激酶和MK-7的影响

纳豆激酶(nattokinase, NK)具有多种生理功能,是治疗心血管疾病的理想药物。甲萘醌-7 (menaquinone-7, MK-7)是人体不可缺少的脂溶性维生素之一,可预防骨质疏松和帕金森等疾病。【目的】提高枯草芽孢杆菌中NK和MK-7共同生产的产量,揭示重组菌中共同生产NK和MK-7的机理,为MK-7和NK的生成提供新的代谢工程策略。【方法】以枯草芽孢杆菌为出发菌株,敲除2,3-丁二醇脱氢酶基因(bdhA),构建一株能增加NK和MK-7共同生产的枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis) 168-ΔbdhA。利用RNA-seq分析NK和MK-7合成途径关键酶编码基因的变化,总结NK和MK-7共同生产的机制。【结果】与原始菌株相比,Bacillus subtilis 168-ΔbdhA中2,3-丁二醇含量降低64.0%,为2.76 g/L。NK和MK-7的产量较原始菌株提高30.0%和60.0%。RNA-seq分析表明,中心碳代谢、氧化磷酸化和NK及MK-7合成等过程相关的基因表达存在差异。NK负调控因子codY下调2.19倍。在蛋白质分泌途径中,secA下调0.37倍,tatAD和tatC分别上调2.81倍和0.50倍。【结论】bdhA的敲除阻断了2,3-丁二醇的碳通量,促进甘油的吸收,碳通量更多地流向NK和MK-7的合成途径。负调控因子codY的下调促进NK转录,蛋白转运相关途径基因的上下调促进MK-7的胞外分泌,从而实现其产量的增加。     

Molecular principles of membrane microdomain targeting in plants

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Functional analysis of genes involved in the biosynthesis of isoprene in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Bacillus subtilis</Emphasis>

In comparison to other bacteria Bacillus subtilis emits the volatile compound isoprene in high concentrations. Isoprene is the smallest representative of the natural product group of terpenoids. A search in the genome of B. subtilis resulted in a set of genes with yet unknown function, but putatively involved in the methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway to isoprene. Further identification of these genes would give the possibility to engineer B. subtilis as a host cell for the production of terpenoids like the valuable plant-produced drugs artemisinin and paclitaxel. Conditional knock-out strains of putative genes were analyzed for the amount of isoprene emitted. Differences in isoprene emission were used to identify the function of the enzymes and of the corresponding selected genes in the MEP pathway. We give proof on a biochemical level that several of these selected genes from this species are involved in isoprene biosynthesis. This opens the possibilities to investigate the physiological function of isoprene emission and to increase the endogenous flux to the terpenoid precursors, isopentenyl diphosphate and dimethylallyl diphosphate, for the heterologous production of more complex terpenoids in B. subtilis.     

On the appearance of Bacillus subtilis intracellular serine protease in the cell membrane and culture medium

While about 80% of the cell-bound intracellular serine protease of Bacillus subtilis A-50 have been recovered in the soluble fraction upon disruption of cells, the rest of the enzyme was found to be associated with the membrane fraction. Soluble cytoplasmic intracellular serine protease, as well as membrane-bound serine protease liberated by nonionic detergent treatment, have been isolated in a pure state and shown to be identical. The same protease might also be found extracellularly, due presumably to cell lysis or altered membrane permeability. Intracellular serine protease of Bacillus subtilis A-50 was clearly related to Bacillus subtilis serine proteases W1 and bacillopeptidase F described as extracellular enzymes.Abbreviations ISP intracellular serine protease - ISP-A-Bsu A-50 and ISP-B-Bsu A-50 molecular forms A and B of B. subtilis A-50 intracellular serine protease, respectively - SDS sodium dodecyl sulfate - PMSF phenylmethyl sulfonylfluoride - pNA p-nitroanilide - Buffer A 50 mM Tris-(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane-1 mM CaCl₂ adjusted to pH 8.5 with HCl     

一株产甲萘醌-7(MK-7)菌的分离鉴定及产物合成条件的初步研究

本文从豆豉中分离出了一株高产MK-7的菌株并对其进行了鉴定,同时对该菌合成MK-7的条件进行了初步研究.在参照《伯杰氏细菌鉴定手册》,并根据形态学特征、生理生化特性、并结合16S rDNA序列分析结果,该菌属于解淀粉芽孢杆菌.该菌合成MK-7的最佳条件为:发酵温度37℃、装液量为30 mL/250 mL、接种量为2％和摇瓶培养时间为3h.研究发现,菌株Y-2合成的MK-7主要存在于细胞内.以上结果可为基于菌株Y-2选育高产MK-7菌株和实现MK-7的产业化提供理论依据.     

Regulation of biosynthesis of bacilysin byBacillus subtilis

Summary Production of the dipeptide antibiotic bacilysin byBacillus subtilis 168 was growth associated and showed no evidence of repression by glucose or sucrose. Carbohydrates other than glucose and sucrose yielded lower specific titers of bacilysin. Bacilysin production in three such carbon sources (maltose, xylose, ribose) was delayed until growth slowed down. Ammonium salts were poor for bacilysin production when used as the sole nitrogen source. When added to the standard medium containing glutamate, they suppressed antibiotic production. Aspartate was slightly better than glutamate for antibiotic production as sole nitrogen source. No other nitrogen source tested, including inorganic, organic or complex, approached the activity of glutamate or aspartate. When added to glutamate, casamino acids, phenylalanine and alanine (a substrate of bacilysin synthetase) suppressed bacilysin production while stimulating growth. Phosphate provided for optimum growth and production at 7.5 mM and both processes were inhibited at higher concentrations. Ferric citrate stimulated growth and inhibited bacilysin production, the effects being due to both the iron and the citrate components. Elimination of ferric citrate stimulated production as did increasing the concentration of Mn to its optimum concentration of 6.6×10^–4M.     

Subspecies-specific distribution of intervening sequences in the Bacillus subtilis prophage ribonucleotide reductase genes

A collection of 212 gram-positive bacilli isolated from natural habitats was screened for the presence of intervening sequences (introns and intein-coding sequences) in the SPbeta prophage-related ribonucleotide reductase genes bnrdE and bnrdF. Three novel configurations were identified on the basis of the presence of (i) intervening sequences in bnrdE and bnrdF, and (ii) an ORF in the bnrdE-bnrdF spacer. Analysis of the cell wall genetic determinants as well as of the incorporation of radio-labelled glycerol into cell wall allowed newly and previously identified B. subtilis strains with different configurations of bnrdE/bnrdF intervening sequences to be assigned to one of two subspecies. Strains apparently belonging to the subsp. subtilis contain three intervening sequences many of which are associated with the putative homing endonuclease activity. Strains of the subsp. spizizenii contain only one or two ORF-less group I introns. Introns occupying bnrdF are confined to the subspecies subtilis.     

疮痂链霉菌拮抗菌HD9-1的筛选及功能评价

【背景】近年来,由土传致病链霉菌引起的疮痂病在我国马铃薯产区大面积暴发,严重影响块茎的商品价值,由于缺乏有效防控措施,其危害程度呈逐年加重趋势。然而拮抗菌可有效抑制病原菌的繁殖,其防控效果优异,对环境友好,逐渐引起了人们的关注。【目的】分离筛选对致病链霉菌具有拮抗功能的细菌,鉴定其分类学名,评价其主要生物学特性,为研发高效防病菌剂提供菌种资源。【方法】以疮痂链霉菌为靶向微生物,从马铃薯疮痂病高发土样中筛选拮抗菌株,通过形态学、生理生化和分子生物学试验确定其分类地位;用盆栽试验初步判定其对马铃薯疮痂病的防控效果,研究其广谱抗病性和耐盐碱特性,结合生产中常用化学农药的敏感性测定,综合评价其应用前景。【结果】筛选出一株对致病疮痂链霉菌(Streptomyces scabies)有显著拮抗效果的菌株HD9-1,抑菌圈直径约31mm,菌落呈圆形、淡黄色,边缘较为整齐,革兰氏染色阳性,菌体杆状,宽度约为0.75μm,长度为1.0-2.5μm。以蔗糖作为唯一碳源,能产生β-半乳糖苷酶、精氨酸双水解酶、赖氨酸脱羧酶和鸟氨酸脱羧酶;培养24 h后代谢产物中含有3.44 mg/L的吲哚乙酸;16S rRN...     

Pseudomonas mosselii E1铁载体合成相关基因cysI的克隆与功能初步分析

从棉花根际分离的铁载体产生菌E1,其16SrDNA与Pseudomonas mosselii ATCCBAA-99的同源性为100%。采用三亲本杂交方法将携带转座子Tn5-1063的质粒pRL1063a导入E1中进行转座子插入诱变。利用CAS法,从1000个突变株中,筛选到一株铁载体合成缺失突变株E1-185。利用TAIL-PCR方法,扩增位于Tn5-1063两端的侧翼序列。测序结果表明,转座子插入到E1的cysI基因内。该基因与Pseudomonas entomophila L48的cysI同源性为96%,其CysI氨基酸序列相似性为97%。该基因与半胱氨酸的合成密切相关,而在加有半胱氨酸的CAS平板上,突变株恢复了铁载体产生能力,证明cysI在E1铁载体合成过程中具有重要作用。据推测,cysI可能与铁载体合成途径中关键蛋白acyl-S-PCPs的形成有关。