Cryptococcus antarcticus var. circumpolaris var. nov., a basidiomycetous yeast from Antarctica

Cryptococcus antarcticus Vishniac & Kurtzman var. circumpolaris Vishniac and Onofri var. nov. (Filobasidiales, Tremellomycetidae, Hymenomycetes), an anamorphic yeast with ca. 73% nDNA relatedness to Cryptococcus antarcticus var.antarcticus, differs in failure to assimilate raffinose, a lower maximum temperature for growth, fatty acid profile, and in a single nucleotide change in the D2 region of LSU rDNA. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Heterogeneity of the yeasts Zygowilliopsis californica: Z. californica var. dimennae comb. nov., stat. nov. and Z. californica var. fukushimae comb. nov., stat. nov

A significant heterogeneity of the species Zygowilliopsis californica was revealed using RFLP-analysis of the PCR-amplified rDNA fragment spanning the 5.8S rRNA gene and the internal transcribed spacers ITS1 and ITS2. Phylogenetic analysis of the nucleotide sequences of ITS1 and ITS2 rDNA differentiated three varieties: Z. californica var. californica, Z. californica var. dimennae, and Z. californica var. fukushimae. The most variable was the ITS 2 region, where 7-26 nucleotide substitutions were revealed. The varieties formed semisterile hybrids with meiotic segregation of control markers. The limits of the phylogenetic species concept are discussed.     

Heterogeneity of the yeasts Zygowilliopsis californica: Z. californica var. dimennae comb. nov., stat. nov. and Z. californica var. fukushimae comb. nov., stat. nov.

A significant heterogeneity of the species Zygowilliopsis californica was revealed using RFLP-analysis of the PCR-amplified rDNA fragment spanning the 5.8S rRNA gene and the internal transcribed spacers ITS1 and ITS2. Phylogenetic analysis of the nucleotide sequences of ITS1 and ITS2 rDNA differentiated three varieties: Z. californica var. californica, Z. californica var. dimennae, and Z. californica var. fukushimae. The most variable was the ITS2 region, where 7–26 nucleotide substitutions were revealed. The varieties formed semisterile hybrids with meiotic segregation of control markers. The limits of the phylogenetic species concept are discussed.     

Actiniscus canadensis n. sp., A. pentasterias Ehrenberg v. arcticus n. var., Pseudoactiniscus apentasterias n. gen., n. sp., Marine Relicts in Canadian Arctic Lakes

SYNOPSIS. The family Actiniscaceae Kützing, 1845, (generally placed in the dinoflagellates) includes species derived from Actiniscus pentasterias Schütt, some of which became lacustrine relicts. A. pentasterias v. arcticus. living in Arctic and Altantic waters, differs from the Mediterranean species in having a greater number of siliceous skeletons (pentasters). Advanced atrophy of pentasters in lacustrine A. canadensis , and absence of such structures in Pseudoactiniscus apentasterias , probably results from decreased salinity and an undetermined ecologic factor. Morphogenesis and physiologic transformation of past euryhaline Actiniscaceae into contemporary limnobionts began, presumably, during the prelimnic phase of Great Bear Lake and Keyhole Lake. Arctic Actiniscus which exist under subzero temperatures and endure 10-month-long winters, appear to satisfy their energy requirements by heterotrophy and frequent phagocytosis. Survival of lacustrine Actiniscus species in both Arctic lakes seems possible because of lack of competition from co-existing phytoplankton organisms which can endure extreme dystrophic conditions.     

Paenibacillus quercus sp. nov., isolated from rhizosphere of Quercus aliena var. acuteserrata

A Gram-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped and motile bacterium, designated strain 1-25^T, was isolated from the rhizosphere of Quercus aliena var. acuteserrata in Taibai Mountain, Shaanxi Province, China. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain 1-25^T belongs to the genus Paenibacillus. Strain 1-25^T was found to be closely related to Paenibacillus harenae and Paenibacillus castaneae with 96.0 and 95.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, respectively. The strain was observed to grow optimally at 28 °C and pH 7.5. The major isoprenoid quinone was found to be menaquinone-7. The dominant cellular fatty acids were identified as anteiso-C_15:0 and iso-C_15:0. The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was found to be meso-diaminopimelic acid. The DNA G+C content was determined to be 41.6 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic characteristics and molecular properties, strain 1-25^T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus quercus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 1-25^T (=CCTCC AB2013265^T = KCTC 33194^T).     

Elatostema densistriolatum sp. nov., E. latistipulum sp. nov. and E. cyrtandrifolium var. hirsutum var. nov. (Urticaceae) from southwest China

Two new species and one new variety of Elatostema J. R. Forst. & G. Forst. (Urticaceae) are described from Yunnan and Xizang, China. Habitat details and morphological comparison with similar species are given and discussed. The new taxa proposed are: Elatostema densistriolatum W. T. Wang & Zeng. Y. Wu, E. latistipulum W. T. Wang & Zeng Y. Wu and E. cyrtandrifolium (Zoll. & Mor.) Miq. var. hirsutum W. T. Wang & Zeng Y. Wu.     

一株产生漆酶的耐高温膨大拟青霉大孢变种

从河北唐山地区的 1份土样中 ,分离到 1株产漆酶、耐高温的拟青霉新分类单元 ,膨大拟青霉大孢变种 [Paecilomycesinflatus (Burnside)Carmichaelvar.majorLiangZ .Q .,ChuH .L .etHanY .F .]。此菌的典型特征是在查氏培养基上 ,4 0℃ ,7d ,菌落直径为 38～ 4 4mm。瓶梗单生 ,不规则的着生在气生菌丝或简单的分生孢子梗上。分生孢子光滑 ,梭形或长椭圆形 ,大多数 (5 .6～ 9.0 ) μm× (2 .5～ 4 .5 ) μm。     

Saccharomyces bayanus var. Uvarum comb.nov., a new variety established by genetic analysis

Partial genetic isolation of two Saccharomyces bayanus varieties, S. bayanus var. bayanus and S. bayanus var. uvarum comb. nov., was established by hybridological analysis. The hybrids of these two varieties were semisterile: their ascospores were characterized by low survival. Earlier, the new variety was described as a group of cryophilic wine yeast cultivars capable of fermenting melibiose.     

Oscillatoria agardhii var. suspensa nov. var.

Zusammenfassung Oscillatoria agardhii var. suspensa n. var. ist ein Süßwasser-Planktont, der O. agardhii nahe steht, sich aber durch geringere Abmessungen und den Bau der Trichom-Enden unterscheidet. Sie wurde durch Waschen von anderen Organismen befreit, was bisher noch bei keiner Cyanophycee gelungen war.Die Art lebt im Wasser schwebend. Nur in alten Kulturen sammelt sie sich an der Oberfläche an. O. agardhii var. suspensa ist streng photo-autotroph und macht von organischen Nährstoffen keinen Gebrauch. Sie ist sogar sehr empfindlich gegen manche von ihnen, besonders gegen Glucose (aber nicht gegen andere Zucker), die schon in geringen Konzentrationen die Vermehrung unterdrückt.Die weißlich-grüne Farbe der Art wird durch die Pseudovacuolen bewirkt; der Chlorophyllgehalt ist aber nicht geringer als der von anderen Cyanophyceen, die tief blaugrün aussehen.

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Summary Oscillatoria agardhii var. suspensa n. var. is a freshwater planktont allied to O. agardhii but differing in smaller dimensions and the shape of the trichome-ends. It was freed from other organisms by the washing procedure, a technique that had not yet been successful in any member of the Cyanophyceae.The organism lives suspended in the water except in old cultures when it tends to accumulate near the surface. O. agardhii var. suspensa is strictly photo-autotrophic not utilizing any organic nutrients and even to some of them very sensitive, particularly to glucose (though not to other sugars) which prevents growth at minute concentrations.The whitish green hue of the species is due to pseudovacuoles while the content of chlorophyll is not lower than that of Cyanophycean species appearing deep blue-green to the eye.

     

Staurastrum dilatatum var.thomassonii var. nov.

The new varietyStaurastrum dilatatum Ehr. var.thomassonii is described and illustrated.     

菊科栽培植物黄莺花的核型分析

研究了我国广东佛山栽培的菊科(Astcraccae)植物黄莺花(Solidago canadensis var.gilvocanescens Rydb.)的染色体数目和核型.其染色体数目为2n=18,带有一对随体,核型公式为2n=2x=18=14m+4sm(2SAT),核型类型为"2A"型.     

Streptococcus faecium var. casselifavus, nov. var

Streptococcus faecium var. casseliflavus is a gram-positive, spherical cell. The cells occur chiefly as pairs within chains and elongate to ogive-shaped cells during growth. Growth is good on 5% bile salts-agar and in broth at 10 C, and in broth adjusted to pH 9.6 or containing 6.5% NaCl, but many strains fail to grow at 45 C. Litmus is reduced rapidly prior to formation of an acid curd. Few strains release ammonia from arginine or serine. The organism is not proteolytic and does not produce H(2)S or acetylmethylcarbinol, reduce nitrate, decarboxylate tyrosine, or produce slime on sucrose-agar. Most strains survive heating to 60 C for 30 min. It produces gray colonies on potassium tellurite agar, reduces 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium-HCl to a pink color, and ferments cellobiose, dextrin, maltose, mannose, and sorbitol, thus resembling S. faecalis. Like S. faecium, it produces peroxidase but not catalase on heated blood media, dissimilates malate, and ferments arabinose, melibiose, and salicin, but not melezitose. Like both species, it ferments dextrose, galactose, lactose, mannitol, sucrose, trehalose, and citrate. Properties peculiar to the variant include the high pH limiting initiation and termination of growth; the fermentation of alpha-methyl-d-glucoside, raffinose, and xylose; motility; and growth without blue button formation in ethyl violet broth. The water-soluble, pale lemon-yellow pigment is released into the aqueous phase only after the cell envelope is altered by fat solvents. The bacterium thrives as an epiphyte on plants.     

A biologically active fructan from the roots of Arctium lappa L., var. Herkules

From the roots of Arctium lappa L., var. Herkules a low-molecular-weight fructofuranan of the inulin-type has been isolated by water extraction and ethanol precipitation, followed by ion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration of the crude precipitate. The methods employed in structural determination were methylation analysis and 1H and 13C NMR spectral measurements. In tests for antitussive activity in cats the fructan was found to be equally active as some non-narcotic, synthetic preparations used in clinical practice to treat coughing, and in mitogenic and comitogenic tests its biological response was comparable to that of the commercial Zymosan immunomodulator.     

Pohlia muyldermansii Wilcz. & Dem. var. pseudomuyldermansii var. nov., a new name for P. muyldermansii Wilcz. & Dem. sensu Lewis & Smith

Abstract

The results of a comparative study of Pohlia muyldermansii from Continental Europe and the British Isles are presented. Two varieties are recognized, var. muyldermansii from Belgium and the Netherlands and var. pseudomuyldermansii var. nov. from Great Britain, Ireland, Austria and Switzerland. P. camptotrachela is reported from Belgium and differences between this species and P. muyldermansii discussed.     

Saccharomyces bayanus var.uvarum comb, nov., a new variety established by genetic analysis

Partial genetic isolation of twoSaccharomyces bayanus varieties, 5.bayanus var.bayanus andS. bayanus var.uvarum comb, nov., was established by hybridological analysis. The hybrids of these two varieties were semisterile: their ascospores were characterized by low survival. Earlier, the new variety was described as a group of cryophilic wine yeast cultivars capable of fermenting melibiose.     

Über die BasidiolicheneLentaria mucida var.hexaspora n. var.

Ohne Zusammenfassung