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1.
In this study we examined the genetic diversity and geographic scale of genotype distribution within the model legume species
Medicago truncatula widely distributed in pasture and marginal agricultural lands in Greece and other Mediterranean countries. Thirty one Medicago truncatula and Medicago littorialis accessions were chosen on the basis of their geographical distributions and studied using 9 polymorphic simple sequence repeats
(SSR) markers. The number of alleles per locus varied between 3 and 7. A total of 42 alleles were detected with a mean value
of 4.66 alleles per locus. Geographic origin was not related with genotypic similarity among accessions. However, there were
instances of close genetic relatedness between accessions from neighboring locations in a geographic compartment. In conclusion,
the presented data revealed extensive M. truncatula genotype dispersal in Greece pointing to the significance of preserving local genetic resources in their natural environment. 相似文献
2.
Inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) marker assay was employed to validate the genetic fidelity of Swertia chirayita plantlets multiplied in vitro by axillary multiplication upto forty-two passages. Sixteen ISSR primers generated a total of 102 amplicons among the tissue-cultured
plants. Forty-eight amplicons were amplified in the outlier (a Swertia species). The outlier (negative control) was employed to rule out the possibility that the invariant fingerprint was due
to chance alone and that the ISSR technique employed was not discriminatory enough to detect the off-types. A homogenous amplification
profile was observed for all the micropropagated plants. The results confirmed the clonal fidelity of the tissue culture-raised
S. chirayita plantlets and corroborated the fact that axillary multiplication is the safest mode for multiplication of true to type plants. 相似文献
3.
A. Akkak V. Scariot D. Torello Marinoni P. Boccacci C. Beltramo R. Botta 《Biologia Plantarum》2009,53(1):164-166
Forty one simple sequence repeats were isolated from two microsatellite enriched libraries of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.). After screening, 17 selected microsatellite loci were characterized and evaluated on a set of 31 cultivars and clones
from Algerian and Californian germplasm. All primer pairs produced an amplification product of the expected size and detected
high polymorphism among the analysed samples. These nuclear simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers are expected to be a very
effective tool for evaluating genetic diversity in date palm germplasm. Acrosstaxa amplification showed the usefulness of
most SSR markers in 14 other species across the genus Phoenix. 相似文献
4.
We have investigated the effects of cadmium on the microtubular (MT) cytoskeleton in the root tip cells of Allium sativum L. using indirect immunofluorescence microscopy. Cd affected the mechanisms controlling the organization of MT cytoskeleton,
as well as tubulin assembly/disassembly processes. Cd induced the formation of abnormal MT arrays, consisting of discontinuous
wavy MTs or short MT fragments at the cell periphery. Cadmium caused irregular nuclear disorder in cells where the MT organization
and function was disturbed. Furthermore, with increased Cd concentration and duration of treatment the MTs depolymerized more
severely, the frequency of abnormal cell increased and the mitotic index decreased progressively. The above findings showed
that MT cytoskeleton is one of target sites of Cd toxicity in root tip cells. 相似文献
5.
I. A. Feria-Romero H. Astudillo-de la Vega M.A. Chavez-Soto E. Rivera-Arce M. López H. Serrano X. Lozoya 《Biologia Plantarum》2009,53(1):125-128
We used a random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) amplification method to identify molecular markers associated with high
quercetin accumulation in the leaves of Psidium guajava L. trees, selected from four different Mexican agronomic regions. We identified six polymorphic RAPD fragments of 620, 590,
370, 690, 480 and 460 bp among individuals of P. guajava. Genetic linkage disequilibrium analysis revealed that three RAPD profiles considered as DNA markers (620/590 bp, 370 bp
and 480/460 bp) had a positive, direct association with quercetin content. These informative molecular markers can be used
for selective identification of plants with the highest accumulation of flavonoids. 相似文献
6.
A. I. Cordeiro J. F. Sanchez-Sevilla M. C. Alvarez-Tinaut M. C. Gomez-Jimenez 《Biologia Plantarum》2008,52(4):642-647
Eighty seven olive (Olea europaea ssp. sativa L.) cultivar accessions from Portugal were characterized by means of randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Of
the 11 arbitrary 10-mer primers tested a total of 92 polymorphic bands were obtained, representing 87.6 % of the total amplification
products. Twenty nine different genotypes were clearly discriminated. Differences were not found among the amplification profiles
from different individuals of the same cultivar. All the genotypes could be identified by the combination of three primers:
OPR-1, OPK-14 and OPA-1, seven genotype-specific markers being detected. Genetic relationships were estimated by the unweighted
pair-group method with arithmetic averaging (UPGMA). The genetic analysis of the results showed a gradual distance between
the various cultivars, making it difficult to identify well-differentiated phylogenetic groups, although two clusters were
distinguishable with 35 % similarity, in addition to three independent branches with lower similarity: Galega, Tentilheira
and Redondal. The dendrogram reflect some relationships for most of the cultivars according to the use of the fruit and ecological
adaptation. 相似文献
7.
Somatic embryos were obtained from immature zygotic embryos of Cedrela fissilis Well. (Meliaceae), after a culture period of 12 months, with regular subcultures every 6–8 weeks. Callus was developed on explants in 2 months
on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) or picloram (PIC). When the calli were
transferred to fresh medium, embryogenic tissue appeared on MS + 45 μM 2,4-D, or 22.5 μM 2,4-D + 0.4 μM 6-benzyladenine (BA),
or 20.7 μM PIC after 6 months. Sub-culture of embryogenic tissue in MS medium supplemented with 4.5 μM 2,4-D resulted in the
differentiation into somatic embryos after further 4 months. Repeated secondary somatic embryogenesis was achieved by regular
subculture on this medium. Maturation and conversion of somatic embryos into plantlets was achieved on MS medium without plant
growth regulators and the conversion frequency was approximately 12.5 %. The plantlets were successfully acclimatized in pots
with soil. Histological studies showed that somatic embryos had no detectable connection with the mother explants and that
somatic embryos in advanced stages were bipolar with shoot and root apical meristems, they contained vascular system and showed
typical characteristics of a somatic dicotyledonous embryo. 相似文献
8.
M. Chandrika Thoyajaksha V. Ravishankar Rai K. Ramachandra Kini 《Biologia Plantarum》2008,52(4):735-739
In the present study, a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based method namely inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) was employed
to assess genetic stability in tissue culture-derived Dictyospermum ovalifolium plantlets. To study genomic stability of micropropagated plants, 14 individuals were randomly tagged among a population of
2500 regenerants and were compared with single donor mother plant. A total of 51 clear and reproducible bands ranging from
200 bp to 2.1 kb were scored corresponding to an average of 3.64 bands per primer. Two of the 51 bands were polymorphic (3.92
%) among 14 individuals, thus indicating the occurrence of low level genomic variation in the micropropagated plants. Cluster
analysis indicates that genetic similarity values were 0.978 which allows classification of the plants to distinct groups.
Further an attempt was made to reintroduce the micropropagated plants into their natural habitat. Over one thousand six hundred
fifty plants were successfully established. 相似文献
9.
P. Ray Choudhury I. P. Singh B. George A. K. Verma N. P. Singh 《Biologia Plantarum》2008,52(4):648-653
In our present study assessment of genetic diversity and identification of pigeonpea cultivars has been done by employing
76 random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers. Out of 796 amplified products, 587 showed polymorphism (73.7 %) and an
average of 10.47 bands were amplified per primer. Cluster analysis based on Jaccard’s similarity coefficient using UPGMA grouped
all the cultivars into three clusters. The cluster I consists of 7 cultivars, cluster II of 11 cultivars in 4 sub-clusters
and cluster III 4 cultivars. Two cultivars were not included in any cluster. The clustering was strongly supported by high
bootstrap values. Furthermore, high values of the average heterozygosity (Hav) and marker index (MI) also indicated the efficiency of RAPD as a marker system. 相似文献
10.
A glutathione S-transferase (GST) gene cloned from the lepidopteran spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana Clem. was transformed into the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. The CfGST-transgenic and wild-type A. thaliana were subjected to 4 and 10 °C for 48 h and their cold resistance was studied. The GST activity of the transgenic plants was
46.6 and 35.7 % higher than that of the wild-type plants after 48 h under 4 and 10 °C, respectively. Relative membrane permeability
and malondialdehyde content in the transgenic plants were lower while contents of the chlorophyll and proline were higher
than those in the wild-type plants under 4 and 10 °C. The survival rate of the transgenic plants was 43.7 % for 24 h under
0 °C, while survival rate of wild-type plants was 28.3 %. The results indicated that the insect GST could enhance cold resistance
in the transgenic A. thaliana. 相似文献
11.
Rapid shoot multiplication of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L. was achieved from axillary meristems on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium supplemented with 1.0–1.5 mg dm−3 6-benzylaminopurine (BA), 50 mg dm−3 adenine sulfate (Ads) and 3 % (m/v) sucrose. Inclusion of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in the culture medium along with BA
+ Ads promoted a higher rate of shoot multiplication. Maximum mean number of microshoots per explant (6.65) was achieved on
the MS medium supplemented with 1.5 mg dm−3 BA, 50 mg dm−3 Ads and 0.1 mg dm−3 IAA after 4 weeks of culture. The elongated shoots rooted within 13 to 14 d on half-strength MS medium supplemented with
either indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), IAA or 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) with 2 % sucrose. Maximum percentage of rooting
was obtained on medium having 0.25 mg dm−3 IBA and 0.1 mg dm−3 IAA. About 70 % of the rooted plantlets survived in the greenhouse. The in vitro raised plants were grown normally in the field. 相似文献
12.
Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L. cv. Vitasso) plants exposed to 10, 30, 50 and 100 μM of Cd for 5 d in hydroponic culture were analysed with reference
to the distribution of Cd2+, the accumulation of biomass and antioxidants and antioxidative enzymes in leaves. Cd induced a decrease in plant biomass.
The maximum accumulation of Cd occurred in roots followed by stems and leaves. Cd induced a decrease in catalase (CAT) and
guiacol peroxidase (GPX) activities but an increase in ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR)
activities. Enhancement in dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) activity was also at 10 μM Cd. Glutathione reductase (GR) activity
showed pronounced stimulation after all treatments, but glutathione S-transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidase (GPOX)
activities decreased. The effectiveness of ascorbate-glutathione cycle (AGC) was determined by the ratio of ascorbate to H2O2. This ratio decreased in the Cd-treated leaves which indicated that the cycle was disordered. 相似文献
13.
An efficient micropropagation protocol for annatto (Bixa orellana L.) was achieved using nodal shoot tip explants. Shoot buds were obtained on the Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented
with various concentrations and combinations of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), N6-benzyladenine (BA) and triacontanol (TRIA). Maximum of 213 shoot buds along with 18 primary shoots were produced on MS medium
containing 0.05 μM IAA, 8.87 μM BA, and 11.2 μM TRIA. The primary shoots elongated best on MS medium containing 6.66 μM BA
and 2.45 μM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). The regenerated shoots rooted best on MS medium supplemented with 4.9 μM IBA. The
in vitro rooted plantlets were hardened and establishment rate under field conditions was 70 to 80 %. 相似文献
14.
A method for determination of oxalate with oxalate oxidase (OxO, EC 1.2.3.4) prepared from wheat bran, is based on specific
oxidation of oxalate to produce H2O2. The H2O2 formed was colorimetrically determined using horseradish peroxidase-catalyzed oxidation of 4-aminoantipyrine and N,N-dimethylaniline
by H2O2. The new method was tested on rice, buckwheat, soybean and oxalis leaves, showing it is precise, sensitive, inexpensive,
highly reproducible and simple to perform. Good agreement could be obtained between this method and the HPLC. 相似文献
15.
We quantified inbreeding depression for fruit production, embryo vitality and seed germination in three deceptive orchids,
Serapias vomeracea, S. cordigera and S. parviflora, which do not provide any reward to their pollinators, and are predicted to experience high outcrossing. Of the three species
examined only S. parviflora was autonomously selfing. Both S. vomeracea and S. cordigera showed highly significant differences in fitness between selfed and outcrossed progenies, resulting in high levels of inbreeding
depression, which increased in magnitude from seed set to seed germination. Inbreeding depression may promote outcrossing
in Serapias by acting as a post-pollination barrier to selfing. Cumulative inbreeding depression across three stages in S. parviflora was lower that in both outcrossing species. The large difference in germination between selfed and outcrossed seeds is an
important issue in conservation biology. 相似文献
16.
Effect of nitrate availability on nitrate reduction was examined in inter-connected ramets of invasive clonal plant Eichhornia crassipes grown with two nitrate supply regimes during different clonal growth stage. Increase of nitrate availability accelerated
nitrate reductase activity (NRA) in parent and offspring ramets of E. crassipes, and there was greatly different pattern in inter-connected ramets during clonal growth stage. Leaf NRA was lower in offspring
than that in parent ramets in phase 1, while significantly higher leaf NRA in offspring ramets was detected during phase 2.
The results indicated NRA in inter-connected ramets of E. crassipes was highly dependent on nitrate availability and growth stage. 相似文献
17.
E. C. R. Tavano L. C. L. Stipp F. R. Muniz F. A. A. Mour?o Filho B. M. J. Mendes 《Biologia Plantarum》2009,53(2):395-399
In vitro organogenesis of Citrus volkameriana and C. aurantium was studied considering three explant types: epicotyl segment, internodal segment, and hypocotyl segment with attached cotyledon
fragment. The explants were cultured in medium according to Grosser and Gmitter (EME) supplemented with 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5,
and 2.0 mg dm− 3 6-benzyl-aminopurine (BAP), incubated firstly in darkness for 4 weeks, and then transferred to 16-h photoperiod for 2 weeks.
Comparing epicotyl and internodal segments, a higher percentage of responsive explants and a higher number of shoots per explant
were obtained with epicotyl segments, regardless of the BAP concentration. For C. volkameriana the highest percentage of responsive epicotyl segments (42 %) was obtained in EME with 1.0 mg dm−3 BAP, while for C. aurantium (59 %) in EME with 0.5 mg dm−3 BAP. The organogenesis efficiency was the best with the use of the hypocotyl segment with attached cotyledon fragment (77
% for C. volkameriana and to 75 % for C. aurantium). With this explant the morphogenesis occurred only in the hypocotyl region. The in vitro organogenesis was characterized by histological analyses showing that the morphogenic process started in the cambium region
near the explant cut end. 相似文献
18.
An efficient micropropagation protocol was established for Capsicum chinense Jacq. cv. Umorok, a pungent chilli cultivar. Shoot-tip explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing
cytokinins (22.2–88.8 μM 6-benzylaminopurine, BAP, 23.2–93.0 μM kinetin, Kin, or 22.8–91.2 μM zeatin, Z) alone or in combination
with 5.7 μM indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Maximum number of shoots were induced on medium containing 91.2 μM Z or 31.1 μM BAP
with 4.7 μM Kin. The separated shoots rooted and elongated on medium containing 2.5 or 4.9 μM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA).
Axillary shoots were induced from in vitro raised plantlets by decapitating them. The axillary shoot-tip explants were used for further multiple shoot buds induction.
A maximum of about 150 plantlets were obtained from a single seedling. Hardened and acclimatized plantlets were successfully
established in the soil. 相似文献
19.
The effects of photoperiod on the development of in vitro grown plantlets of yam (Dioscorea alata L.), were investigated. Plantlets were transplanted into pots, acclimatizated until they reached vegetative stages V1 (3 leaves) or V2 (8 leaves), and then grown under 12-h or 16-h photoperiod. The formation and development of underground tubers was only induced under 12-h photoperiod. Tuber initiation was not related to the initial vegetative stage of plants, and the tubers were visible at about 18 – 24 d. On the contrary, a 16-h photoperiod inhibited tuber formation and stimulated vine and leaf growth. The total dry matter production and the number of leaves per plant of V1 stage plants were 50 and 30 % lower respectively, after 44 d under 12-h compared to 16-h photoperiod. These parameters were not influenced by photoperiod in V2 stage plants. Consequently, the effect of 12-h photoperiod on dry matter of V1 plants was attributed to a source limitation related to the early initiation of tuberization. The transfer of plants grown under 12-h to 16-h photoperiod stopped tuber growth and starch accumulation. On the other hand, it stimulated the shoots and the roots to grow.Abbreviations
The present study was supported by the Regional Council of Guadeloupe. 相似文献
LD | long day (16 h) |
SH | short day (12 h) |
20.
Modelling the dynamics of the electron transport rate measured by PAM fluorimetry during Rapid Light Curve experiments 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
We propose a dynamic model specifically designed to simulate changes in the photosynthetic electron transport rate, which
is calculated from fluorescence measurements when plants are exposed, for a short time, to a series of increasing photon flux
densities. This model simulates the dynamics of the effective yield of photochemical energy conversion from the maximum and
natural chlorophyll fluorescence yields, taking into account a cumulative effect of successive irradiations on photosystems.
To estimate a characteristic time of this effect on photosystems, two series of experiments were performed on two benthic
diatom culture concentrations. For each concentration, two different series of irradiations were applied. Simplified formulations
of the model were established based on the observed fluorescence curves. The simplified versions of the model streamlined
the parameters estimation procedure. For the most simplified version of the model (only 4 parameters) the order of magnitude
of the characteristic time of the residual effect of irradiation was about 38 s (within a confidence interval between 20 and
252 s). The model and an appropriate calibration procedure may be used to assess the physiological condition of plants experiencing
short time-scale irradiance changes in experimental or field conditions. 相似文献