含几丁质酶基因的双价防卫基因在植物抗逆基因工程中的应用

几丁质酶是一类以几丁质为底物的水解酶,是目前为止研究得最为深入的一类病程相关蛋白(PRP/PRs),在植物抗逆基因工程中有广泛应用。研究表明,将几丁质酶基因与同它起协同作用的其它PRs基因一起转入植物,会获得比转单一几丁质酶基因更为理想的抗逆效果。综述了近年来含几丁质酶的双价防卫基因在植物抗逆基因工程中的应用研究进展。     

植物抗旱、耐盐基因概述

干旱和盐渍化是影响植物生长发育的重要逆境因子。逆境会诱导植物特定基因表达,以保护细胞免受逆境的危害。目前所报道的与植物抗旱、耐盐性相关的基因可分为四类：渗透保护物质生物合成的基因、编码与水分胁迫相关的功能蛋白基因、与信号传递和基因表达相关的调控基因、与细胞排毒抗氧化防御能力相关的酶基因。     

植物蔗糖代谢关键酶的研究进展

高等植物蔗糖代谢关键酶主要有转化酶、蔗糖合成酶、蔗糖磷酸合成酶。本文就这些酶基因的克隆、转录及表达,相关基因的遗传转化及分子遗传学特性作了综述,并对需进一步研究的问题进行了讨论。     

作物抗旱机理及基因工程研究进展

综述了作物抗旱的生理学机制,从渗透调节、Lea蛋白,水通道和脱水素、氧化胁迫与耐受、基因的研究与开发及转录调节、ABA和生化处理6个方面介绍了作物抗旱基因工程的研究进展。以期为我国节水抗旱农业的研究提供一些新的思路和新的手段。     

植物几丁质酶及其在抗真菌病害中的应用

植物几丁质酶的研究是抗真菌基因工程的热点之一。几丁质酶能够水解真菌细胞壁的主要成分几丁质,在植物抗真菌病害反应中发挥重要的作用。介绍了几丁质酶的基本生物学特性、基因的诱导表达,并对植物几丁质酶基因在抗真菌病害基因工程中的应用进行了阐述。     

植物几丁质酶的基因工程与分子生物学研究进展

植物几丁质酶具有广泛的生理活性,尤其在植物的抗病性方面具有重要作用,因而植物几丁喷酶基因工程或为目前抗真菌基因工程研究的热点。本介绍了植物几丁质酶基因结构的研究进展,综述了植物几丁质酶基因工程和微生物产几丁质酶转入植物的基因工程研究成果,概述了植物几丁质酶分子比较和分子进化研究,并展望了植物几丁质酶基因工程的应用前景。     

几丁质酶及其在抗真菌病基因工程中的应用

真菌病是作物减产的主要原因之一。而植物界大量存在具有离体抑制真菌生长增殖能力的蛋白质,相应基因在转基因植株中表达,可使这些植物产生抗真菌能力。几丁质酶就是其中之一,它能催化几丁质水解,从而抑制真菌的生长增殖。随着对其作用机理、生化特性、表达调控的深入研究,几丁质酶基因转化植株显示出很高的抗真菌能力,正日益成为植物真菌病防治的新途径。围绕几丁质酶在抗真菌病基因工程中的应用,本文对几丁质酶的活性底物,     

GUS基因—植物基因工程中重要的报道基因

研究高等植物基因表达,特别是调控机理,常常需将基因或调控片段从原来的背景下分离出来,采用与报道基因融合的方法,通过基因的体外转移进行精确的分析。至今为止,在高等植物基因表达的研究中,至少用过6种报道基因:A、β一半乳糖苷酶(β-galatosidase)基因;B、氯霉素乙酰转移酶(Chloramphenicolacetyl-transferase,CAT)基因;C、新霉素磷酸转移酶(neomycin phosphotransferase,NPTⅡ)基因;D、胭脂碱合成酶(nopaline synthase)基因;E、章鱼碱合成酶(octopine synthase)基因;F、荧光素酶     

几丁质酶及其研究进展

本文从几丁质酶的分布、发育调节、可诱导性、分子生物学及抗病基因工程等方面近年来的进展进行了综合论述,并对其进一步的应用提出展望。     

植物脂肪酸的生物合成与基因工程

植物脂肪酸既具重要生理功能,又有巨大食用和工业价值。其生物合成途径较为复杂,涉及乙酰－ＣｏＡ羟化酶、脂肪酸合成酶、脂肪酸去饱和酶和脂肪酸延长酶等一系列酶。近年来,对脂肪酸生物合成途径进行了大量研究,克隆出许多相关基因,初步阐明了脂肪酸合成规律,并在此基础上开展了利用基因工程技术调控脂肪酸合成研究,取得可喜进展。本文详细介绍了植物饱和脂肪酸、不饱和脂肪酸和超长链脂肪酸的生物合成与基因工程研究的新结果     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.