Problematique de réalisation des projets de biométhanisation dans le secteur agro-industriel: cas de l'abattoir de Dakar

Résumé Chaque jour 130 m³ d'eaux résiduaires de l'abattoir de Dakar sont évacués à la mer. Ces eaux contiennent les matières stercoraires des animaux abattus (9.5 tonne/jour), les eaux de lavage et les graisses. Les besoins en énergie de l'abattoir sont de deux types: électricité et eau chaude. L'électricité alimente les chambres frigorifiques à raison de 90% et représente une facture annuelle de 50 millions de francs CFA. L'eau chaude est utilisée pour l'échaudage de porcs: 3 m³ à 60°C sont produits par jour par cuisson sur feu de bois. La facture qui en résulte est de 450 000 francs CFA.

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Summary Every day more than 130 m³ of wastewaters from the Dakar municipal slaughterhouse are disposed off in the ocean. These waters comprise mainly stercoral matters, washing waters and greases. The energy requirements in the slaughterhouse are mainly of two types: electricity and heated water. Electricity is used to operate the refrigerating rooms, which corresponds to a total cost per year of 50 million CFA. Heated water is used for the pigs scalding with a bare 3 m³ of water used per day, at a temperature 60°C, obtained with fuel wood, the annual costs of which amounts to 450 000 CFA.

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Resumen Cada día más de 130 cm³ de aguas residuales del matadero municipal de Dakar se vierten al oceano. Estas aguas consisten principalmente en estiércoles, aguas de lavado y grasas. Los requerimientos energéticos del matadero son principalmente de dos tipos: electricidad y agua caliente. La electricidad se usa para las cámaras frigoríficas con un coste total de 50 millones de CFA anuales. El agua caliente se utiliza para escaldar cerdos con una media de 3 m³ de agua por día a una temperatura de 60°C, se calienta mediante carburante vegetal, con un coste anual de 450000 CFA.

     

évaluation des pratiques professionnelles dans le cadre de l’accréditation des établissements psychiatriques

As regards evaluation of professionnal practices (EPP), Formep’s has decided to stay in the limits of psychiatric institutions, for reason of experience. Every medical doctor working in these institutions is concerned by evaluation, but also institutions in the specific framework of V2 44, 45 and 46 references. The EPP is multidisciplinary and involves everybody who takes part of patient caring. Formep’s is adviser, training agent, and partner. Follow-up takes place both on-site and off-site all along the EPP, by a team including psychiatrists, medical practitioners, quality and risk management engineers. They are all experienced to work in psychiatric institutions. Formep’s program includes preliminary and definitive choice of themes, putting methology is place, work of teams, initial analysis of results and deviations, further work of teams, final analysis, which purpose is to improve practices and therefore medical benefit.     

Etude écologique comparée des populations d'ostracodes dans deux étangs de pisciculture en haute Belgique

The populations of Ostracods inhabiting two ponds have been studied. One of the ponds is left in its natural state and is of an oligotrophic type; the other one is fertilized once a year mainly with lime and calcium phosphate. Moreover the water feeding the last one is neutralized by a regular addition of calcium carbonate.Comparison of the densities of Ostracods shows that this fertilization has a positive action on the abundance of these crustaceans. Spatial distribution of the Ostracods is of the aggregative type. Specific composition is similar in both ponds but for some scarce species.Specific diversity suggests a higher organization level in communities inhabiting the natural pond. The diversity index H Of Shannon-Weaver shows a rather parallel seasonal fluctuation in both biotopes.

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Travail effectué au Laboratoire d'Hydrobiologie de l'Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique (Directeur de recherches G. Marlier) et au Laboratoire d'Ecologie générale et expérimentale de l'Université Catholique de Louvain (Professeur Ph. Lebrun).     

Un cas de leishmaniose féline disséminée dans le sud de la France

We report a case of disseminated feline leishmaniasis in a FIV-seropositive 14-year-old male cat (Felis catus) living in the Alpes-Maritimes (south of France). The cat presented with erythematous ulcerated papules on the head and withers, and with an ulcerated proliferative lesion on the left pinnae. The condition was diagnosed, along with a squamous cell carcinoma of the pinnae, after histopathological examination of the cutaneous lesions. Total remission of the cutaneous lesions was obtained after oral administration of 100 mg of allopurinol once a day for four months. Necropsic samples revealed that the parasite was still present in the organism after six months of treatment. This case discusses of the cat sensibility to the leishmaniasis pathology and of his potential ability of being a reservoir host.     

Criblage de nouveaux gènes cibles des récepteurs nucléairesdes oxystérols LXRs impliqués dans le maintien de l’épithélium épididymaire et la maturation des spermatozoïdes dans l’épididyme

Liver X receptors (LXRs) are involved in cholesterol homeostasis and lipid metabolism.Ixr knock-out mice for the two isoformsIxra andIxrb exhibit severe disruption of the structure of caput epididymidis segment 1 and 2 epithelium and increased sperm fragility. These defects generate infertility in 10-month-old male mice. The role of LXRs in the epididymis have not yet been investigated. A cell line obtained from mouse caput epididymidis (B2 cells) was used to screen for LXR epididymal target genesin vitro. The presence of one isoform of LXR (LXRα) was detected by immunocytochemistry and the capacity of B2 cells to respond to a synthetic agonist of LXRs (T0901317) was verified. These results validated the use of B2 cells as a model. Bidimensional electrophoresis was performed on B2 cells treated with T0901317. Eight proteins up-regulated by LXRs were isolated. Only one protein has been identified: polyubiquitin, which has already been reported to be involved in cellular cholesterol homeostasis.