辛德毕斯病毒装配及其6K蛋白与中间纤维的关系

用温和的选择性抽提方法与整装细胞电镜技术,DGD包埋-去包埋剂电镜技术相结合,对辛德毕斯病毒的装配与宿主细胞中间纤维的关系进行了探讨。电镜观察清晰地显示了病毒“装配中心”被中间纤维所网络,病毒的装配过程显然是以中间纤维为支架;正在装配的核壳体与已装配的核壳体紧密结合在中间纤维丝上。根据电镜照片分析,核壳体可能是沿中间纤维由装配中心向外扩散。应用人工合成6K蛋白所得抗体进行胶体金标记,证明辛德毕斯病毒非结构性6K蛋白也与中间纤维紧密结合。     

姜黄素诱导人成骨肉瘤MG-63细胞凋亡过程中核基质蛋白表达的变化

应用选择性抽提、整装透射电镜观察和双向聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳与质谱鉴定技术研究细胞凋亡诱导物姜黄素处理前后人成骨肉瘤MG-63细胞核基质-中间纤维系统的构型变化．及其核基质蛋白表达的差异。经姜黄素处理后,MG-63细胞的核基质和中间纤维比对照组明显稀疏,且分布更加不均匀,并分别与核纤层连系,形成趋于断裂但相对还较为完整的网状结构：双向凝胶电泳分析显示在姜黄素诱导MG-63细胞凋亡前后存在27个差异表达的核基质蛋白．经质谱鉴定了其中的21个蛋白．在凋亡的MG-63细胞中表达上调的蛋白鉴定为：DNA聚合酶zeta等7种蛋白：表达下调的蛋白质为：Prohibitin等14种蛋白。其中首次在核基质中发现的蛋白质有17个。因此．在MG-63细胞凋亡过程中不仅其核基质-中间纤维系统构型产生了典型的的凋亡特征性变化．而且伴有核基质蛋白表达的差异。由此证实了与肿瘤细胞凋亡诱导相关特异核基质蛋白的存在及其对肿瘤细胞凋亡诱导的调控作用．从而对揭示核基质构型及其蛋白组成与细胞凋亡的关系和阐明细胞凋亡过程中的基因表达调控机理．均具有重要意义。     

棘尾虫核基质与核周层的分离及其结构和组成

应用生化方法分离了棘尾虫细胞大核的核基质与核周层。电镜观察表明,分离的核基质与核周层结构都能保持大核的原有形态,它们是由纤维颗粒状的物质所组成。生化分析表明,大核核基质与核周层主要由蛋白质所组成,少量抗抽提的DNA和RNA主要是结合在核内基质结构上。     

兔网织红细胞与K_(562)细胞胞质杂交体(K-RRneo)核基质-中间纤维体系的研究

本文利用脂质体转基因技术与细胞融合相结合的方法所建立的杂交细胞为研究对象,采用选择性多步抽提配合整装电镜及Western 印迹分析等技术,系统观察了兔网织红细胞、人红白血病K_(562)细胞及两者融合形成的胞质杂交体K-RRneo 细胞的核基质-中间纤维体系结构,着重分析比较了它们之间的胞质波形蛋白纤维成分的变化。实验结果表明:K_(562)细胞的中间纤维为放射状分布,核纤层为网层状,兔网织红细胞胞质中间纤维为细网格状,其间存有不规则的致密物。胞质体杂交细胞(K-RRneo)的核纤层结构稀薄,核基质较亲代K_(562)细胞致密,中间纤维构型呈现与网织红细胞相似的网格状。中间纤维蛋白电泳及Western 印迹结果亦显示K-RRneo 细胞与网织红细胞的带型类似,即缺乏聚合型波形蛋白及聚合前体物波形蛋白单体,仅检测到解聚前、后而与细胞其它组分结合的波形蛋白复合物。这一生化和超微结构特征提示,红细胞排核可能与波形蛋白纤维的解聚及Vimentin 基因关闭有关。实验结果为排核前细胞内原已装配好的Vimentin 趋于解聚,引起中间纤维瓦解,造成核偏位、固缩而最终排出细胞外的排核机制提供了证据。     

PtK2细胞的核骨架—核纤层——中间纤维体系

本文用选择性系列抽提的方法结合整装细胞电镜技术和DGD包埋-去包埋超薄切片技术,在电镜下清晰地显示了PtK 2细胞的核骨架-核纤层-中间纤维体系的精细结构。处于分裂中期的细胞经抽提后可以看到,染色体残余与中间纤维仍然保持一定的联系。用免疫荧光技术对抽提后的PtK 2细胞进行分析结果表明:其中间纤维能同时与AE1和AE3反应;能与Lamin B反应的单抗可以特异地定位于其核周,而Lamin A(C)的单抗除了与其核纤层蛋白有很强的反应外还与中间纤维有交叉反应。此外,在分裂期细胞中可以看到Lamin A(C)可能与染色体能特异结合;与HeLa细胞不一样。PtK 2细胞的核骨架成份不能与280kD的核骨架蛋白单抗反应。双向电泳结果显示出PtK 2细胞的核骨架-核纤层-中间纤维体系的组成成份与HeLa细胞相比有较大的差异,而且这种差异主要反映在核骨架组份上,TdR的处理也能导致其组份发生变化。     

猴艾滋病病毒（SRV）的装配及释放与细胞内骨架系统关系的电镜观察

将猴艾滋病 Ｄ 型逆转录病毒（ Ｓｉｍｉａｎ Ａ Ｉ Ｄ Ｓｔｙｐｅ Ｄｒｅｔｒｏｖｉｒｕｓ , Ｓ Ｒ Ｖ１） 感染的 Ｒａｊｉ 细胞进行选择性抽提制备成“核骨架中间纤维”这一细胞内骨架系统,再结合常规电镜技术和 Ｄ Ｇ Ｄ 包埋去包埋剂电镜技术,对此病毒在宿主细胞内的装配和释放与这一骨架系统的关系进行了研究。结果表明 Ｓ Ｒ Ｖ１ 病毒核壳体的装配是在细胞核附近的胞质中进行的,其“装配中心”是结合在胞质骨架的中间纤维上,正在装配的和已装配好的病毒核壳体都是紧密结合在中间纤维上的。而在核内骨架系统中未观察到病毒粒子。这表明 Ｓ Ｒ Ｖ 的装配可能是依赖于胞质中的中间纤维作支架,且装配好的核壳体可能沿着中间纤维被运送至质膜内侧或胞质内病毒感染后形成的空泡膜上,然后出芽释放     

用免疫蚀斑方法筛选重组痘苗病毒疫苗株

用间接免疫酶方法在硝酸纤维膜上检查,筛选和回收重线痘苗病毒。作为人用疫苗株的筛选,此法较核酸杂交方法更简便,直观和准确,在筛选重组病毒的同时确定了病毒在感染细胞上的表达。构建了含痘苗病毒７．５Ｋ启动子和ＥＢ病毒膜抗原基因的转移载体,从转染的病毒混合液中用特异性ＭｃＡｂ和间接免疫酶方法直接筛选表达ＥＢ病毒膜抗原的重组痘苗病毒,并从阳性酶斑中回收具感染性病毒。     

三种核型多角体病毒核酸同源性的研究

用分子杂交技术研究了黑点银纹夜蛾(Arqyrogramma agnata Stgr,)单粒包埋型核型多角体病毒(简称A,A,SNPV),斜纹夜蛾(Prodenia litura)多粒包埋型核型多角体病毒(简称PL MNPV)以及用A,A,SNPV感染斜纹夜蛾幼虫所获得的多粒包埋型核型多角体病毒(暂称PoI MNPV)三种病毒核酸的同源性,用SDS-Tris酚法分别提取病毒核酸,用内切酶Eco RⅠ酶解,比较了病毒核酸的酶解图谱及分子量,用〔α-~(32)P〕dATP标记的三种病毒核酸Eco RⅠ酶解片段作探针,分别与各病毒核酸的Eco RI酶解片段杂交,结果表明PoI MNPV与PL MNPV的病毒核酸同源,而A,A,SNPV DNA不与PoI MNPV DNA、PL MNPV DNA杂交,无同源序列。     

PtK2细胞的核骨架—核纤层—中间纤维体系

本文用选择性系列抽提的方法结合整装细胞电技术和ＤＧＤ包埋－去包埋超薄切片技术,在电镜下清晰地显示了ＰｔＫ细胞的核骨架－核纤层－中间纤维绵精细结构。处于分裂中期的细胞经抽提后看到,染色体残３余与中间纤维仍然保持一定的联系。用免疫荧光技术对提提后的ＰｔＫ２细胞进行分析结果表明：其中间纤维能同时与ＡＥ１和ＡＥ３反应;能一ＬａｍｉｎＢ反应的单抗可以特异地定位于其核周,而ＬａｍｉｎＡ（Ｃ）的单抗除了与其核纤     

甲型肝炎重组痘苗病毒(VMS11HAV25)的构建及其某些生物学性质

将5′端经过剪切的甲型肝炎病毒全部开放读码框架cDNA连接于痘苗病毒晚期启动子P11下游,重组于痘苗病毒天坛株的HiodⅢM片段Spb Ⅰ位点获得了重组病毒VMS11HAV25。对其生物学性质的研究表明,该重组病毒诱生痘苗抗体的能力、对鸡红细胞的血凝性质、空斑大小及对温度的稳定性等均与原天坛株相同。重要的区别是,重组病毒在家兔皮内和小鼠脑内的毒力都比原天坛株低约1个对数。病毒在人胚肺二倍体细胞连续传15代的表达水平与传代早期者相同。连续传20代后提取病毒DNA做Southern blot杂交表明,甲型肝炎病毒基因仍稳定地存在于原插入位置。     

上皮细胞分裂过程中中等纤维的变化

应用制备的血清抗体,采用免疫细胞化学方法观察了两株培养上皮细胞的分裂过程中IF的动态变化过程。实验结果显示,在上皮细胞分裂过程中,IF形态结构及空间分布发生了显著变化,不同细胞之间存在差异,分裂的Vero细胞中角蛋白纤维和波形纤维都维持纤维形态,围绕分裂器形成纤维网罩或纤维束环,随着细胞分裂的进行,IF网的空间组织结构和外观发生动态变化;分裂的HeLa细胞中,角蛋白纤维和波形纤维广泛重组形成颗粒状胞质小体,分裂结束后重建IF网。实验结果表明,IF变化具有细胞周期依赖性和一定的细胞特异性。本文对IF在细胞分裂过程中的功能意义作了讨论。     

免疫胶体金标记显示波形纤维与核孔复合体的结合

中间纤维与细胞核的关系是一个亟待解决的重要问题。本文采用火鸡红细胞作为研究材料,首先用细胞分级抽提结合免疫印迹反应显示火鸡红细胞中间纤维蛋白为波形纤维蛋白。然后,我们采用细胞分级抽提结合包埋前免疫胶体金标记的方法显示胞质中间纤维被抗波形纤维蛋白抗体-蛋白A-胶体金特异标记。同时,我们显示结合于核孔复合体上的胞质纤维被抗波形纤维蛋白抗体-蛋白A-胶体金所特异标记。本文结果表明,结合于核孔复合体上的胞质纤维是波形纤维,并且提示波形纤维可能通过与Nup 180的结合附着在核孔复合体上,为进一步探讨中间纤维与核孔运输的关系提供了初步实验证据。     

中等纤维在几种人体上皮细胞有丝分裂过程中的行为

本文用间接免疫荧光法和电镜术观察了分别来自人表皮(PcaSE-1)、复层上皮(CNE)和单层上皮(SPC-A-1)的3个上皮细胞系的细胞在有丝分裂过程中中等纤维的行为。结果表明,CNE细胞和SPC-A-1细胞表达两种不同类型的中等纤维系统:角蛋白纤维和波形纤维,而PcaSE-1细胞仅表达角蛋白纤维。当细胞进入有丝分裂时,PcaSE-1细胞的角蛋白纤维维持完整的形态且将有丝分裂纺锤体围绕在细胞中央。相反,在CNE细胞和SPC-A-1细胞中,在细胞有丝分裂时,角蛋白纤维解聚成无定形的胞质小体,然而它们的波形纤维始终保持完整的形态。我们认为(1)在分裂上皮细胞中,角蛋白纤维的解聚与细胞的恶性程度有关,而与间期上皮细胞中是否含有丰富的角蛋白纤维无明显关系。(2)在上皮细胞有丝分裂时,中等纤维可能参于纺锤体的定位和趋中。(3)在分裂CNE细胞中,波形纤维的可能功能是染色体的定位和定向。     

Interaction of Theiler’s Virus with Intermediate Filaments of Infected Cells

Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus is a neurotropic murine picornavirus which replicates permissively and causes a cytopathic effect in the BHK-21 cell line. We examined the interactions between the GDVII and DA strains of Theiler’s virus and BHK-21 host cell proteins in a virus overlay assay. We observed binding of the virions to two proteins of approximately 60 kDa. These proteins were microsequenced and identified as desmin and vimentin, two main components of the intermediate filament network. The association between desmin or vimentin and virions was demonstrated by immunoprecipitation. Anti-desmin and anti-vimentin monoclonal antibodies precipitated GDVII or DA virions from extracts of infected BHK-21 cells. The intracellular distributions of virions and of the desmin and vimentin intermediate filaments of BHK-21 cells were investigated by two-color immunofluorescence confocal microscopy. Following infection, the intermediate filament network was rearranged into a shell-like structure which surrounded a viral inclusion. Finally, close contact between GDVII virus particles and 10-nm intermediate filaments was observed by electron microscopy.     

Association of intermediate filaments with vinculin-containing adhesion plaques of fibroblasts

Double immunofluorescence staining of quail embryo fibroblasts with rabbit antibody to vinculin and mouse monoclonal antibody to vimentin revealed a coincidence between fluorescence patterns for cell-substrate focal contacts and intermediate filaments. Most of the vinculin-containing adhesion plaques coincided with the ends of vimentin-positive fibrils. This association was further corroborated by immunoelection microscopic observations of the cytoskeletons of quail and mouse fibroblasts using a platinum replica technique. The intermediate filaments were identified either by direct treatment with antivimentin IgM or by an indirect immunogold staining method. Colcemid treatment of the cells caused a collapse of intermediate filaments and destroyed their association with focal contacts. During the early stages of the colcemid-induced collapse of the intermediate filaments, single vimentin fibrils appeared to retain their association with focal contacts. The possible role of the intermediate filaments in the formation and maintenance of focal contacts is discussed.     

Simian Virus 40 Deoxyribonucleic Acid Synthesis: Analysis by Gel Electrophoresis

An agarose-gel electrophoresis technique has been developed to study simian virus 40 deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis. Superhelical DNA I, relaxed DNA II, and replicative intermediate (RI) molecules were clearly resolved from one another for analytical purposes. Moreover, the RI molecules could be identified as early or late forms on the basis of their electrophoretic migration in relation to that of DNA II. The technique has been utilized to study the kinetics of simian virus 40 DNA synthesis in pulse and in pulse-chase experiments. The average time required to complete the replication of prelabeled RI molecules and to convert them into DNA I was approximately 10 min under the experimental conditions employed.     

Interaction of frog virus-3 with the cytoskeleton. I. Altered organization of microtubules, intermediate filaments, and microfilaments

The progressive cytoskeletal alterations of frog virus 3-infected baby hamster kidney (BHK) and fathead minnow (FHM) cells were studied by immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. The virus assembly sites, which contain viral genomes and viral proteins, were detected in the cytoplasm at 4 h (FHM) or 6 h (BHK) and mature virions appeared 2 h later. When infected cells were treated with Triton X-100, the assembly sites were found in association with the cytoskeleton. In infected cells, the number of microtubules progressively decreased but a few microtubules traversing in the vicinity of the assembly sites remained intact. Early in infection, the intermediate filaments retracted from the cell periphery, delimited the forming assembly sites, and remained there throughout infection. We suggest that intermediate filaments are involved in the formation of assembly sites. In addition, the filaments either by themselves or in conjunction with microtubules may anchor the assembly sites near the nucleus. The microfilament bundles (stress fibers) disappeared with the formation of assembly sites, and late in infection many projections containing microfilaments and virus particles appeared at the cell surface. The observation suggests a role for microfilaments in virus release. Taken together, these results provide the first example of a virus-infected cell in which all three cytoskeletal filaments show profound organizational changes and suggest an active participation of the host cytoskeleton in viral functions.     

人体肝癌细胞和HeLa细胞中等纤维的比较研究

本文用兔抗角蛋白抗体、豚鼠抗波形纤维蛋白抗体和抗角蛋白单抗AE1的间接免疫荧光抗体法比较了两个人体肝癌细胞系(BEL-7402和BEL-7404)和HeLa细胞中等纤维的分布式样,同时用SDS-PAGE法分析了上述细胞的中等纤维抽提物的多肽组成。结果表明:三种上皮细胞均含有两套不同类型的中等纤维系统:角蛋白纤维和波形纤维。但是,人体肝癌细胞和HeLa细胞的中等纤维分布式样和角蛋白多肽组成均有明显的差别。其中最明显的差别是HeLa细胞具有丰富的桥粒-张力纤维复合物和分子量为40 kd的角蛋白多肽,而在两个人体肝癌细胞系中看不到。     

Ultrastructural immunogold labelling of vimentin filaments on postembedding ultrathin sections of arachnoid villi and meningiomas

An immunoelectron microscopic technique for the labelling of vimentin intermediate filaments on postembedding ultrathin sections is reported. Arachnoid villi obtained at autopsy and meningiomas at surgery were fixed in 1% paraformaldehyde for 30 minutes, embedded without postfixation in Epon-Araldite mixture and polymerized at 37 degrees C for 3 weeks. Ultrathin sections were etched in 2% KOH for 3 minutes and incubated with anti-vimentin monoclonal antibodies which were subsequently labelled with goat anti-mouse IgG coupled to colloidal golds. All of these labelling procedures were consistently performed within 4 hours. In both arachnoidal and meningioma cells, immunogolds preferentially decorated the intermediate filaments in proportion to the concentration. Very few gold particles were seen over the nucleus, Golgi zone, mitochondria and the extracellular connective tissue fibres. The present technique may be applied to the immunogold labelling of intermediate filaments on postembedding ultrathin sections.