猪圆环病毒2型Cap蛋白在烟草叶绿体中的表达（英文）

猪圆环病毒2型(porcine circovirus type 2,PCV2)可读框2(open reading frame 2,ORF2)基因编码具有多个抗原表位的病毒衣壳(Cap)蛋白,能在机体内有效引发免疫反应并产生中和抗体,是预防和治疗猪圆环病毒病(porcine circovirus-associated disease, PCVAD)的主要抗原。但Cap蛋白高昂的生产成本限制了它的广泛应用。为了探索Cap蛋白新的生产途径,本研究选择烟草叶绿体为表达平台,构建了ORF2抗原基因烟草叶绿体表达载体pNK-a03,并通过基因枪法(gene biolistics)将表达载体导入烟草叶绿体中。转化植株经PCR和RT-PCR检测,证实ORF2抗原基因已整合进烟草叶绿体基因组中且正常转录。蛋白质印迹检测和ELISA分析表明,Cap蛋白在烟草叶绿体内获得有效表达,具有免疫活性。此外,种子萌发研究结果显示,转基因烟草植株F1代具有aadA抗性,目的基因可正常进行遗传。这些研究结果为探索Cap蛋白的新型表达途径提供了理论基础。     

猪圆环病毒Ⅱ型Cap蛋白重组腺病毒的构建与鉴定

猪圆环病毒Ⅱ型(PCV2)是近年来新发现的引起仔猪多系统衰弱综合症的必需病原,含有两个主要的阅读框ORF1和ORF2,分别编码复制相关蛋白(Rep)和核衣壳蛋白(Cap),其中Cap含有病毒主要抗原表位,是研究PCV2基因工程苗的主要候选目的基因。本研究利用PCR技术将Cap蛋白基因克隆入人5型腺病毒穿梭载体(pShuttle-CMV),与腺病毒骨架载体(pAdEasyTM)共转化大肠杆菌BJ5183进行同源重组并转染HEK-293A细胞,经多次亚克隆获得了重组腺病毒rAd-Cap,测定其TCID50为1013.7/mL。用RT-PCR、间接ELISA、Westernblot和IPMA等方法证明了Cap蛋白在腺病毒中获得表达。该研究为发展PCV2的重组腺病毒基因工程疫苗奠定了基础。     

猪圆环病毒Ⅱ型Cap蛋白重组腺病毒的构建与鉴定

猪圆环病毒Ⅱ型(PCV2)是近年来新发现的引起仔猪多系统衰弱综合症的必需病原,含有两个主要的阅读框ORF1和ORF2,分别编码复制相关蛋白(Rep)和核衣壳蛋白(Cap),其中Cap含有病毒主要抗原表位,是研究PCV2基因工程苗的主要候选目的基因.本研究利用PCR技术将Cap蛋白基因克隆入人5型腺病毒穿梭载体(pShuttle-CMV),与腺病毒骨架载体(pAdEasyTM)共转化大肠杆菌BJ5183进行同源重组并转染HEK-293A细胞,经多次亚克隆获得了重组腺病毒rAd-Cap,测定其TCID50为1013 7/mL.用RT-PCR、间接ELISA、Western blot和IPMA等方法证明了Cap蛋白在腺病毒中获得表达.该研究为发展PCV2的重组腺病毒基因工程疫苗奠定了基础.     

猪圆环病毒3型衣壳蛋白(Cap)抑制宿主细胞天然免疫应答

【背景】猪圆环病毒是引起猪圆环病毒病的病原,能够引起严重的免疫抑制和临床症状,给养猪业造成严重的经济损失。【目的】研究猪圆环病毒3型(Porcinecircovirus3,PCV3)衣壳蛋白(Capsid protein,Cap)对宿主天然免疫应答的调控作用,解析其免疫抑制机制对阐明猪圆环病毒致病机制具有重要意义。【方法】通过构建Cap真核表达质粒,利用Westernblotting进行表达验证,实时荧光定量(RT-PCR)、双荧光素酶基因报告系统和ELISA探究Cap对I型干扰素通路活化的影响,通过免疫共沉淀探索其作用机制。【结果】真核表达质粒成功表达并且证实Cap可以抑制DNA模拟物Poly(dA:dT)诱导的I型干扰素通路的活化;Cap可以与天然免疫通路节点分子MITA相互作用。【结论】研究发现PCV3病毒Cap蛋白与干扰素通路节点分子MITA相互作用发挥免疫抑制作用,这为阐明PCV3免疫抑制机制提供了理论依据。     

猪2型圆环病毒ORF2基因在塞姆利基森林病毒RNA复制子衍生的新型真核表达载体中的表达

猪 2型圆环病毒 (porcinecircovirus 2 ,PCV2 )是断乳仔猪多系统衰竭综合征 (postweaningmultisystemicwastingsyndrome,PMWS)的原发性病原。PCV2的ORF2编码病毒唯一的结构蛋白Cap。根据GenBank中公布的PCV2JXL株的序列设计一对引物 ,应用PCR方法从该毒株感染的PK 15细胞中扩增出完整的ORF2基因 ,将此基因克隆于本实验室此前构建的塞姆利基森林病毒 (SemlikiForestvirus,SFV)RNA复制子衍生的新型真核表达载体Psfv1cs中的BamHⅠ位点 ,获得重组质粒pSFV1CS Cap。用pSFV1CS-Cap分别转染BHK-21细胞和293T细胞 ,经间接免疫荧光试验检测表明 ,PCV2 ORF2基因在转染细胞中得到表达。小鼠接种试验表明 ,该重组质粒能诱导小鼠产生特异性抗体.     

表达猪圆环病毒2型ORF2基因的重组猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒的构建与鉴定

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus,PRRSV)和猪圆环病毒2型(Porcine circovirus type 2,PCV2)是目前危害世界养猪业的两种重要病原。本研究采用PCR方法构建PRRSV疫苗株TJM-F92全长cDNA克隆载体pCMV-TJM,并在其ORF7和3′UTR之间插入AflⅡ/MluⅠ酶切位点和转录调控序列TRS6,构建获得pCMV-TJM-TRS表达载体。将PCV2ORF2基因插入该载体AflⅡ/MluⅠ位点,获得重组质粒pCMV-TJM-Cap。将pCMV-TJM、pCMV-TJM-TRS和pCMV-TJM-Cap分别转染Marc-145细胞,拯救获得3种重组病毒rTJM、rTJM/TRS和rTJM/Cap。基因测序列、酶切鉴定、Western blot、间接免疫荧光和病毒生长特性结果显示,3种重组PRRSV病毒都含有特征性分子标记,在Marc-145细胞增殖特性与亲本病毒相似;rTJM/Cap传至第8代,仍含有外源Cap基因,病毒感染细胞能有效表达PCV2Cap蛋白,从而为PRRSV致病机制和PRRSV-PCV2疫苗研究奠定了重要基础。     

表达猪圆环病毒2型ORF2基因的重组脑心肌炎病毒的构建与鉴定

以脑心肌炎病毒(Encephalomyocarditis virus,EMCV)作为病毒载体,寻找基因组里理想的外源基因插入位点,为构建多价疫苗奠定基础。猪圆环病毒2型(Porcine circovirus type 2,PCV2)感染可引起断奶仔猪多系统衰竭综合征等多种疾病。脑心肌炎病毒(Encephalomyocarditis virus,EMCV)宿主谱广,能够天然感染多种哺乳动物。本研究采用EMCV NJ08毒株cDNA感染性克隆,将PCV2ORF2基因插入EMCV L蛋白基因第6位及第7位氨基酸之间,拯救获得重组EMCV rNJ08/Cap,拯救病毒含有分子遗传标记。Western Blot和IFA结果显示,该重组病毒成功表达Cap蛋白。重组病毒rNJ08/Cap在BHK-21细胞上生长曲线和病毒蚀斑大小与亲本病毒NJ08相似,证明EMCV可以作为表达外源基因的病毒载体,为PCV2和EMCV疫苗研究奠定了重要基础。     

猪圆环病毒衣壳蛋白在枯草芽孢杆菌中的表达研究

研究猪圆病毒衣壳蛋白在枯草芽孢杆菌中的表达情况。以3个不同的质粒为基础,构建不同类型的猪圆环病毒衣壳蛋白基因(PCV2-ORF2)重组表达载体,并分别转化进入枯草芽孢杆菌168和WB800中。利用SDS-PAGE和Western blot检测目的蛋白的表达,并通过实时荧光定量PCR检测目的基因的转录水平上的表达情况。结果显示,ORF2基因原序列在枯草芽孢杆菌中难以表达,经过密码子优化后,构建的截短ORF2基因表达载体在枯草芽孢杆菌内表达系统中成功表达目的蛋白。密码子优化促进了目的基因的表达。     

猪圆环病毒2型（PCV2）核衣壳蛋白免疫原性的鉴定和应用及其多抗在PCV2感染诊断中的应用

猪圆环病毒2型ORF2编码与病毒毒力相关的结构蛋白--核衣壳蛋白(Cap),该蛋白可以用于PCV2感染的血清学调查,但不同区域的PCV2分离株的ORF2特别是其抗原表位序列存在一定的突变.本研究将PCV2浙江分离株ORF2的主要抗原表位以及PCV1 ORF2进行了原核表达,将分别纯化的融合蛋白Cap2s和Cap1s免疫SPF兔后制备多抗,并进一步分析了纯化蛋白的免疫原性和多抗的特性.Western blot结果表明无论Cap2s和Cap1s均能与两个多抗发生交叉反应,而PCV2或PCV1阳性猪血清只能分别特异性地识别Cap2s和Cap1s.IFA结果则证明两个多抗对于天然Cap蛋白无交叉反应性.利用Cap2s作为包被抗原对13个猪场的259份血清样品的PCV2抗体进行ELISA检测,平均阳性率为80.69%(209/259),而各猪场的阳性率差异较大(48.28%～100%).以上结果表明Cap2s可作为一个型特异性抗原用于浙江省本地猪场猪群血清中PCV2抗体的监控,而其多抗也可用于免疫组化对PCV2感染进行有效诊断.     

猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)核衣壳蛋白免疫原性的鉴定和应用及其多抗在PCV2感染诊断中的应用

猪圆环病毒2型ORF2编码与病毒毒力相关的结构蛋白--核衣壳蛋白(Cap),该蛋白可以用于PCV2感染的血清学调查,但不同区域的PCV2分离株的ORF2特别是其抗原表位序列存在一定的突变.本研究将PCV2浙江分离株ORF2的主要抗原表位以及PCV1 ORF2进行了原核表达,将分别纯化的融合蛋白Cap2s和Cap1s免疫SPF兔后制备多抗,并进一步分析了纯化蛋白的免疫原性和多抗的特性.Western blot结果表明无论Cap2s和Cap1s均能与两个多抗发生交叉反应,而PCV2或PCV1阳性猪血清只能分别特异性地识别Cap2s和Cap1s.IFA结果则证明两个多抗对于天然Cap蛋白无交叉反应性.利用Cap2s作为包被抗原对13个猪场的259份血清样品的PCV2抗体进行ELISA检测,平均阳性率为80.69%(209/259),而各猪场的阳性率差异较大(48.28%～100%).以上结果表明Cap2s可作为一个型特异性抗原用于浙江省本地猪场猪群血清中PCV2抗体的监控,而其多抗也可用于免疫组化对PCV2感染进行有效诊断.     

High expression of foot-and-mouth disease virus structural protein VP1 in tobacco chloroplasts

A tobacco chloroplast expression vector, pTRVP1, containing the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) VP1 gene and the selective marker aadA gene, was constructed and transferred to tobacco by biolistic method. Three resistant lines were obtained through spectinomycin selection, and each transgenic line was subjected to a second round of spectinomycin selection. PCR and PCR southern blot analysis revealed that the VP1 gene had integrated into the chloroplast genome. Western blot and quantification ELISA assays indicated that the VP1 gene was expressed in tobacco chloroplasts and accounted for 2–3% of total soluble protein. This suggested that plant chloroplasts were an efficient expression system for the potential production of recombinant antigens in plants.     

烟草NtFtsZ2-1基因参与叶绿体分裂和扩大的调节

叶绿体虽然是植物细胞内一种极其重要的细胞器,但其分裂的分子机制尚不很清楚。已经证明FtsZ蛋白作为真核细胞分裂装置的一个关键成分,参与叶绿体的分裂过程。烟草的FtsZ基因属于2个不同的家族,在对NtFtsZ1家族成员研究的基础上,用正义和反义表达技术研究了NtFtsZ2家族成员NtFtsZ2-1基因在转基因烟草中的功能。显微分析结果表明NtFtsZ2-1基因的表达水平异常增强或减弱都会严重干扰叶绿体的正常分裂过程,导致叶绿体在形态和数目上的异常（体积明显增大,数目显著减少）,而单个叶肉细胞中叶绿体的总表面积在正反义转基因烟草和野生型烟草之间保持了相对稳定,没有发生明显的变化。同时还证明NtFtsZ2-1基因表达的变化对叶绿素含量和叶绿体的光合作用能力没有直接的影响。据此我们认为NtFtsZ2-1基因参与叶绿体的分裂和体积的扩大,其表达水平的波动会改变植物中叶绿体的数目和大小,而且在叶绿体的数目与体积之间可能存在一种补偿机制,保证叶绿体能最大限度地吸收光能,从而使光合作用得以正常进行。     

烟草质体分裂相关基因NtFtsZ1和NtFtsZ2对叶绿体分裂和形态的影响

质体作为植物细胞中一类重要的细胞器,控制其分裂的分子机制一直都不清楚。最近的研究表明,植物细胞中与原核细胞分裂基因fisZ类似的同源基因控制着质体的分裂过程。通过正反义转化分析了两个烟草的ftsZ基因（NtFtsZ1和NtFtsZ2)在转基因烟草中的功能。二的反义表达并未对转化烟草细胞中叶绿体的分裂和形态产生明显影响,但二过表达转化植株中叶绿体的数目和形态都发生了明显的变化,在某些转化植株的叶肉细胞中甚至只有1－2个巨大的叶绿体存在。对不同转化植株的电镜观察和叶绿素含量分析认为,NtFtsZs基因可能对叶绿体的正常发育和功能没有影响,叶绿体形态的变化是对其数目减少的一种补偿。正反义转化植株中叶绿体的不同表型暗示高等植物中同一家族的ftsZ基因可能在控制质体分裂方面具有相同的功能。同时,过表达植株中叶绿体形态的变化被认为是高等植物的FtsZ质体骨架功能的体现。     

Expression of the native cholera toxin B subunit gene and assembly as functional oligomers in transgenic tobacco chloroplasts

The B subunits of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (LTB) and cholera toxin of Vibrio cholerae (CTB) are candidate vaccine antigens. Integration of an unmodified CTB-coding sequence into chloroplast genomes (up to 10,000 copies per cell), resulted in the accumulation of up to 4.1 % of total soluble tobacco leaf protein as functional oligomers (410-fold higher expression levels than that of the unmodified LTB gene expressed via the nuclear genome). However, expression levels reported are an underestimation of actual accumulation of CTB in transgenic chloroplasts, due to aggregation of the oligomeric forms in unboiled samples similar to the aggregation observed for purified bacterial antigen. PCR and Southern blot analyses confirmed stable integration of the CTB gene into the chloroplast genome. Western blot analysis showed that the chloroplast- synthesized CTB assembled into oligomers and were antigenically identical with purified native CTB. Also, binding assays confirmed that chloroplast-synthesized CTB binds to the intestinal membrane GM1-ganglioside receptor, indicating correct folding and disulfide bond formation of CTB pentamers within transgenic chloroplasts. In contrast to stunted nuclear transgenic plants, chloroplast transgenic plants were morphologically indistinguishable from untransformed plants, when CTB was constitutively expressed in chloroplasts. Introduced genes were inherited stably in subsequent generations, as confirmed by PCR and Southern blot analyses. Increased production of an efficient transmucosal carrier molecule and delivery system, like CTB, in transgenic chloroplasts makes plant-based oral vaccines and fusion proteins with CTB needing oral administration commercially feasible. Successful expression of foreign genes in transgenic chromoplasts and availability of marker-free chloroplast transformation techniques augurs well for development of vaccines in edible parts of transgenic plants. Furthermore, since the quaternary structure of many proteins is essential for their function, this investigation demonstrates the potential for other foreign multimeric proteins to be properly expressed and assembled in transgenic chloroplasts.     

Recombination and Heterologous Expression of Aliophycocyanin Gene in the Chloroplast of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Heterogeneous expression of multiple genes in the nucleus of transgenic plants requires theintroduction of an individual gene and the subsequent backcross to reconstitute multi-subunit proteins ormetabolic pathways.In order to accomplish the expression of multiple genes in a single transformationevent,we inserted both large and small subunits of allophycocyanin gene (apcA and apcB) into Chlamydomonasreinhardtii chloroplast expression vector,resulting in papc-S.The constructed vector was then introducedinto the chloroplast of C.reinhardtii by micro-particle bombardment.Polymerase chain reaction and Southernblot analysis revealed that the two genes had integrated into the chloroplast genome.Western blot andenzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed that the two genes from the prokaryotic cyanobacteria couldbe correctly expressed in the chloroplasts of C.reinhardtii.The expressed foreign protein in transformantsaccounted for about 2%-3% of total soluble proteins.These findings pave the way to the reconstitution ofmulti-subunit proteins or metabolic pathways in transgenic C.reinhardtii chloroplasts in a single transformationevent.     

Recombination and heterologous expression of allophycocyanin gene in the chloroplast of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Heterogeneous expression of multiple genes in the nucleus of transgenic plants requires the introduction of an individual gene and the subsequent backcross to reconstitute multi-subunit proteins or metabolic pathways. In order to accomplish the expression of multiple genes in a single transformation event, we inserted both large and small subunits of allophycocyanin gene （apcA and apcB） into Chlamydomonas reinhardtii chloroplast expression vector, resulting in papc-S. The constructed vector was then introduced into the chloroplast of C. reinhardtii by micro-particle bombardment. Polymerase chain reaction and Southern blot analysis revealed that the two genes had integrated into the chloroplast genome. Western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed that the two genes from the prokaryotic cyanobacteria could be correctly expressed in the chloroplasts of C. reinhardtii. The expressed foreign protein in transformants accounted for about 2%-3% of total soluble proteins. These findings pave the way to the reconstitution of multi-subunit proteins or metabolic pathways in transgenic C. reinhardtii chloroplasts in a single transformation event.     

Expression of the B Subunit of E. coli Heat-labile Enterotoxin in the Chloroplasts of Plants and its Characterization

Transgenic chloroplasts have become attractive systems for heterologous gene expressions because of unique advantages. Here, we report a feasibility study for producing the nontoxic B subunit of Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (LTB) via chloroplast transformation of tobacco. Stable site-specific integration of the LTB gene into chloroplast genome was confirmed by PCR and genomic Southern blot analysis in transformed plants. Immunoblot analysis indicated that plant-derived LTB protein was oligomeric, and dissociated after boiling. Pentameric LTB molecules were the dominant molecular species in LTB isolated from transgenic tobacco leaf tissues. The amount of LTB protein detected in transplastomic tobacco leaf was approximately 2.5% of the total soluble plant protein, approximately 250-fold higher than in plants generated via nuclear transformation. The GM1-ELISA binding assay indicated that chloroplast-synthesized LTB protein bound to GM1-ganglioside receptors. LTB protein with biochemical properties identical to native LTB protein in the chloroplast of edible plants opens the way for inexpensive, safe, and effective plant-based edible vaccines for humans and animals.     

Overexpression of the Arabidopsis thaliana MinD1 gene alters chloroplast size and number in transgenic tobacco plants

The Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. minD gene (AtMinD1) was isolated and constitutively expressed in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) plants using the CaMV 35S promoter. Confocal and electron-microscopic analysis of the AtMinD1 transgenic tobacco lines revealed that the chloroplasts were abnormally large and fewer in number compared with wild-type tobacco plants. The abnormal chloroplasts were less prevalent in guard cells than in mesophyll cells. Chloroplast and nuclear gene expression was not significantly different in AtMinD1-overexpressing plants relative to wild-type tobacco plants. Chloroplast DNA copy number was not affected, based on the relative level of the rbcL gene in transgenic plants. Transgenic tobacco plants constitutively overexpressing AtMinD1 were completely normal phenotypically with respect to growth and development, and also displayed normal photosynthetic electron transport rates. These results show that the Arabidopsis MinD1 gene also functions in a heterologous system and confirm the role of the MinD protein in regulation of chloroplast division.     

一种新的用于删除选择标记基因的Cre/lox系统

设计了一种新的诱导型Cre/lox系统,并在转基因烟草(Nicotianatabacum L.)中进行了验证.在诱导剂的作用下,位于同向lox位点之间的选择标记基因(hpt)和重组酶基因(Cre)在烟草愈伤组织中被删除.在该系统中,Cre基因在玉米乙酰苯胺类化合物诱导启动子(In5-2)的控制下表达.对转基因后代的分子检测结果表明,不论是否加入了诱导剂,目的基因(gus)均被整合到烟草基因组中;在诱导剂处理的48株转基因烟草To代中,45株的hpt基因被删除了.该系统只使用一个载体,克服了二次转化系统带来的问题.     

Expression of Brassica oleracea FtsZ1-1 and MinD alters chloroplast division in Nicotiana tabacum generating macro- and mini-chloroplasts

FtsZ1-1 and MinD plastid division-related genes were identified and cloned from Brassica oleracea var. botrytis. Transgenic tobacco plants expressing BoFtsZ1-1 or BoMinD exhibited cells with either fewer but abnormally large chloroplasts or more but smaller chloroplasts relative to wild-type tobacco plants. An abnormal chloroplast phenotype in guard cells was found in BoMinD transgenic tobacco plants but not in BoFtsZ1-1 transgenic tobacco plants. Transgenic tobacco plants bearing the macro-chloroplast phenotype had 10 to 20-fold increased levels of total FtsZ1-1 or MinD, whilst the transgenic tobacco plants bearing the mini-chloroplast phenotype had lower increased FtsZ1-1 or absence of detectable MinD. We also described for the first time, plastid transformation of macro-chloroplast bearing tobacco shoots with a gene cassette allowing for expression of green fluorescent protein (GFP). Homoplasmic plastid transformants from normal chloroplast and macro-chloroplast tobacco plants expressing GFP were obtained. Both types of transformants accumulated GFP at ~6% of total soluble protein, thus indicating that cells containing macro-chloroplasts can regenerate shoots in tissue culture and can stably integrate and express a foreign gene to similar levels as plant cells containing a normal chloroplast size and number.