正常月经周期妇女卵泡液中激素水平的变化

本文测定了24例正常月经妇女在不同时相、不同大小卵泡的卵泡液中雌二醇(E_2)、孕酮(P_0)、雄烯二酮(A)、睾酮(T)、卵泡刺激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)和催乳素(PRL)的含量,并分析其与外周血中相应激素浓度的关系。测定结果显示:小卵泡的卵泡液中E_2、Po,FSH,LH水平低于大卵泡中水平,而A和T水平则相反。排卵前大卵泡中E_2(9815nmol/L),P_0(3316nmol/L),FSH(1.34IU/L)和LH(3.9lIU/L)达最高值。A(280nmol/L)和T(137nmol/L)却较小卵泡中水平低(相应为692nmol/L和176nmol/L)。PRL水平在大小卵泡中无显著性差异。卵泡液中甾体激素水平高于外周血7—20.000倍,FSH、LH水平为外周血的10—80％,PRL水平为60％—3倍。     

18甲炔诺酮对猕猴卵泡液甾体激素水平的影响

本研究为探讨甾体避孕药能否对卵泡细胞产生直接的抑制作用。实验用猕猴13只,分单给18甲、单给PMSG、合并给以上二药和空白对照四组。给药前后对动物活体抽取卵泡液、外周血和卵巢静脉血,用放射免疫法测定其中的E_2、P_0、A和18甲水平。结果提示甾体避孕药18甲似能直接进入卵泡液,并影响卵泡颗粒细胞甾体的生成。     

腹腔镜下卵巢囊肿剥除术后缝合与电凝止血对卵巢功能的影响

目的:探究腹腔镜下卵巢囊肿剥除术后缝合与电凝止血对卵巢功能的影响。方法:选择2014年5月~2015年12月期间我院收治卵巢囊肿患者78例为研究对象,两组患者均行腹腔镜下卵巢囊肿剥除术,根据患者术中止血方式的不同将其分为观察组(41例)和对照组(37例);观察组术中采用双极电凝止血,对照组患者性术中采用缝合止血;观察并比较术后4周、12周两组患者促卵泡生长激素(FSH)、促黄体激素(LH)、雌二醇(E2)及窦状卵泡计数(Shape of sinus follicle count,AFC),对比两组术后12周卵巢功能恢复情况。结果:术后4周两组患者FSH、LH水平较术前升高,E2及AFC水平较术前降低,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);术后12周对照组FSH、LH、E2及AFC水平与术前比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05),观察组患者FSH、LH水平较术前升高,E2及AFC水平较术前降低,且观察组患者FSH、LH水平高于对照组,E2及AFC水平低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);术后12周,观察组患者出现排卵异常、经量过少及经期延长的发生率均高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:缝合止血在腹腔镜下卵巢囊肿剥除术止血对患者卵巢功能的损伤作用小于电凝止血,术后卵巢功能恢复快,临床上应当优选缝合止血,降低对卵巢功能的影响。     

Periovulatory changes in serum concentration and ovarian content of 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol in the adult rat

The high amounts of 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol (3 alpha-diol) present in immature female rats decline towards first ovulation, but on the day of first proestrus a peak is seen. This raises the possibility that during adulthood similar proestrous peaks may occur. Therefore, serum concentrations and ovarian content of 3 alpha-diol were estimated every two hours between 0900 and 2100 h in adult cyclic rats on the day of proestrus. In the same rats, serum concentrations of estradiol (E2), progesterone (P) and luteinizing hormone (LH) were measured, as were ovarian contents of E2 and P. A significant elevation in ovarian 3 alpha-diol was found between 0900 and 1700 h proestrus, whereas serum concentrations of 3 alpha-diol were elevated from 1300 to 2100 h. The high morning values of ovarian 3 alpha-diol correlated with those for ovarian E2 (p less than 0.005); the elevated serum concentrations of 3 alpha-diol during the afternoon correlated with serum P (p less than 0.005) and with serum LH concentrations (p less than 0.005). Serum and ovarian values were positively correlated for P and E2, but not for 3 alpha-diol. The rise in serum 3 alpha-diol could be prevented by blocking the LH surge with sodium pentobarbitone (Nembutal; 35 mg/kg b.w.) administered at 1300 h. In Nembutal-treated rats, the concentration of 3 alpha-diol at 1700 h (886 pg/ml) was significantly lower than in saline-treated control rats (1135 pg/ml; p less than 0.005).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Serum concentrations of deoxycorticosterone in women during the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle are not suppressed by dexamethasone treatment

We determined the serum levels of deoxycorticosterone (DOC) in plasma of six healthy, apparently ovulatory women during the mid-follicular and mid-luteal phases of their ovarian cycles; and we evaluated the effect of dexamethasone (1 mg by mouth) on the concentrations of DOC and cortisol in serum at times when plasma progesterone levels were high or low. The serum levels of DOC, unlike those of cortisol, did not vary significantly in single blood samples obtained in the morning (8-10 a.m.) and afternoon (3-5 p.m.); and serum DOC levels in women were significantly higher (P less than 0.05) during the mid-luteal phase than during the mid-follicular phase of the cycle. There were unmistakable diurnal variations in serum levels of cortisol, and cortisol concentrations were reduced to less than 20% of pretreatment levels after the ingestion of 1 mg dexamethasone during the mid-follicular or mid-luteal phase. The serum concentrations of DOC were reduced only to approx 70% of pretreatment levels after dexamethasone ingestion during the follicular phase. The serum levels of DOC did not decline significantly after administration of dexamethasone during the mid-luteal phase, when progesterone levels in serum are high (14-16 ng/ml). Blood samples also were obtained at hourly intervals during the 24 h before and after dexamethasone administration in one woman during the follicular phase and in another woman the during the early luteal phase (progesterone levels = 1-3 ng/ml) of the ovarian cycle. DOC levels (pre-dexamethasone) fluctuated in synchrony with those of cortisol in the woman studied during the follicular phase but not in the woman studied during the early luteal phase of the cycle. In the post-dexamethasone period, plasma cortisol levels were suppressed for at least 24 h in both women whereas DOC levels were decreased only partially. We conclude that plasma DOC is derived from both adrenal secretion and from extraadrenal 21-hydroxylation of progesterone--the latter source of DOC is not affected by dexamethasone suppression of ACTH secretion.     

Plasma C-21 steroids in conscious pregnant and non-pregnant rabbits with chronic catheterization of the femoral artery and the portal and hepatic veins

In conscious non-pregnant (n = 8) and pregnant (n = 7) rabbits, blood samples were collected by chronic catheterization of the femoral artery and the hepatic and portal veins. In the non-pregnant group, deoxycorticosterone (DOC), corticosterone (B), cortisone (E) and cortisol (F) were determined by RIA. In the pregnant group, progesterone (P) and 20-dihydroprogesterone were also radioimmunoassayed. The arterio-venous difference of the levels observed has demonstrated the role of the liver and the splanchnic area in steroid metabolism. Moreover, the comparison of the steroid pattern in the two groups showed that gravidity was characterized by a marked increase of F and E but not of B and DOC levels. Thus, the ratio of F/B in the femoral artery was markedly increased in the pregnant animals; this ratio ranged from 0.20 to 1.12 in the non-pregnant group, and from 1.3 to 12.5 in the pregnant group.     

Plasma and pituitary concentrations of gonadotropins (FSH and LH) in minke whales (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) during the feeding season

This study investigated plasma and pituitary concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) and steroid hormones (progesterone: P4, testosterone:T, estradiol-17beta: E2) by enzyme-immunoassay (EIA) in minke whales (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) captured during the feeding season (December to March) in the Antarctic Ocean. Plasma FSH and LH levels in female minke whales were higher (P <0.05) than in male whales. Although the pituitary weight was not significantly different between male and female whales, pituitary FSH and LH levels were higher in females than in males (P<0.01) and mature whales than immature whales (P<0.05). Plasma levels of FSH, T and E2 were not significantly different between immature and mature male whales, but plasma LH and pituitary FSH and LH levels were higher (P<0.05) in mature than in immature whales. In both immature and mature whales regardless of gender, pituitary FSH and LH levels were correlated significantly (r=0.69: P<0.01). In mature male whales, plasma T and E2 levels (r=0.60: P<0.01), and testis weight and plasma T levels (r=0.46: P <0.05) were correlated. In immature female whales, plasma FSH and LH levels were highly correlated (r=0.68: P<0.001), but were not for mature female whales. The results show that gender and maturity influence gonadal and pituitary function of minke whales during the feeding season.     

Steroid regulation of retinol-binding protein in the ovine oviduct

Two studies were conducted to identify retinol-binding protein (RBP) expression in the ovine oviduct and to determine the role of ovarian steroids in its regulation. Ewes were salpingectomized on Days 1, 5, or 10 of their respective estrous cycles, and oviducts were homogenized for RNA analysis, fixed for immunocytochemistry (ICC), or cultured for 24 h for protein analysis. ICC localized RBP to the epithelium of all oviducts. RBP synthesis was demonstrated by immunoprecipitation of radiolabeled RBP from the medium of oviductal explant cultures. Explant culture medium from oviducts harvested on Day 1 contained significantly more RBP than medium from oviducts collected on Days 5 or 10. Slot-blot analysis demonstrated that steady-state RBP mRNA levels were significantly higher on Day 1 than Day 5 or 10. In the second experiment, ovariectomized ewes were treated with estradiol-17beta (E2), progesterone (P4), E2+P4 (E2+P4), or vehicle control, and oviducts were analyzed as above. P4 alone or in combination with E2 significantly reduced steady-state RBP mRNA levels compared to those in E2-treated animals. Oviductal explants from E2- and E2+P4-treated animals released 3- to 5-fold more RBP into the medium than control and P4 treatments as determined by ELISA. RBP synthesis of metabolically labeled RBP was increased by E2 and E2+P4 treatments. This study demonstrates that P4 applied on an estradiol background negatively regulates RBP gene expression in the oviduct whereas estradiol appears to stimulate RBP synthesis and secretion.     

卵巢早衰患者血清抑制素B、抗苗勒管激素及性激素水平与子宫动脉血流参数的相关性研究

目的:探讨卵巢早衰(POF)患者血清抑制素B(INHB)、抗苗勒管激素(AMH)及性激素水平与子宫动脉血流参数的相关性。方法:选择2018年5月至2020年5月期间我院收治的126例POF患者(POF组)和同期于我院进行体检的85例健康女性志愿者(对照组)。检测所有研究对象血清INHB、AMH以及促黄体生成素(LH)、促卵泡激素(FSH)、雌二醇(E2)水平,经阴道多普勒超声检测子宫动脉血流参数[收缩期峰值流速(PSV)、舒张末期流速(EDV),血流阻力指数(RI)、搏动指数(PI)]。Pearson相关性分析POF患者血清INHB、AMH、LH、FSH、E2水平与PSV、EDV、RI、PI的相关性。结果:POF组血清INHB、AMH、E2水平、PSV、EDV低于对照组(P<0.05),LH、FSH水平、RI、PI高于对照组(P<0.05)。Pearson相关性分析结果显示POF患者血清INHB、AMH、E2水平与PSV、EDV呈正相关(P<0.05),与RI、PI呈负相关(P<0.05),LH、FSH与PSV、EDV呈负相关(P<0.05),与RI、PI呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论:POF患者血清INHB、AMH、E2水平降低,LH、FSH水平升高,血清INHB、AMH和性激素与子宫动脉血流受限有关。     

Effects of ACTH on plasma levels of adrenal steroids in essential hypertension.

Plasma concentrations of progesterone (P), deoxycorticosterone (DOC), 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OH P), corticosterone (B), deoxycortisol (S), cortisol (F) and aldosterone (A) in 8 control subjects (mean age: 40.5 years) and 10 patients with essential hypertension (EH) (mean age: 48.5 years) were determined before, 4 and 8 hours after an infusion of ACTH at a rate of 25 units per 8 hours. Secretion rates (SR) of 18-hydroxy-11-deoxycorticosterone (18-OH DOC) were measured 24 hours before and again on the day of ACTH infusion. All subjects were studied on the fourth day of a diet containing 135 mEq of sodium and 90 mEq of potassium. There was no statistically significant difference between 8 control subjects and 10 patients with EH in the 7 plasma steroid levels and the SR of 18-OH DOC before ACTH infusion. The mean plasma P response to ACTH was slightly lower in controls than in patients with EH, while that of 17-OH P (in male subjects) was slightly higher. The mean plasma B response was significantly lower after 4 hours of ACTH infusion (p less than 0.01), while that of DOC was significantly higher after 8 hours of ACTH infusion (p less than 0.05) in patients with EH. The mean plasma S rose significantly more in patients with EH (p less than 0.025) at 4 and 8 hours after ACTH infusion. The mean plasma F response to ACTH infusion was slightly lower in patients with EH than in controls. The mean response of 18-OH DOC SR to ACTH infusion was slightly higher in patients with EH than in controls. The mean plasma A response was significantly higher in patients with EH than in controls 4 (p less than 0.05) and 8 hour (p less than 0.001) after an ACTH infusion. These results could be explained in part by abnormalities in the 17- and 11-hydroxylase systems, and that the abnormality in 11-hydroxylation was more pronounced than that in the 17-position. Furthermore, we suspect that the sensitivity of adrenal aldosterone to ACTH might be increased or another accelerated pathway to aldosterone biosynthesis might exist in patients with EH.     

The increase in plasma C19Delta5 steroids in subcutaneous abdominal and jugular veins of dairy cattle during pregnancy is unrelated to estrogenic activity

Plasma concentrations of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), 5-androstene-3beta,17beta-diol (AED), and 17beta-estradiol (E2) in dairy cows and heifers and AED binding to uterine cytosolic estrogen receptor (ER) were studied. Plasma samples were collected from the subcutaneous abdominal (SA) and jugular (J) veins of heifers and cows in the non-pregnant state and at 15-45, 90-120, 180-210, and 250-280 days of pregnancy (N = 5-12). Plasma DHEA, AED, and E2 were determined by RIA. DHEA and AED significantly increased (P < 0.001) in heifers and cows throughout pregnancy. The stage of pregnancy significantly (P < 0.001) affected the three steroids in heifers and cows. Plasma DHEA increased throughout pregnancy in both heifers and cows, and in heifers it was significantly greater in SA than in J veins at 90-120 days (P < 0.01). Plasma AED was greater in heifers than in cows in J veins at 90-120 days (P < 0.01) and 180-210 days (P < 0.05), and in SA veins, at 15-45 days (P < 0.01) and 90-120 days (P < 0.05). In heifers, circulating AED showed concentration values significantly greater than those in non-pregnant animals from 90 to 120 days (P < 0.05) and was significantly greater in SA than in J veins at 90-120 days (P < 0.05). In cows, plasma AED was significantly greater than in non-pregnant animals at 250-280 days (P < 0.01). In heifers, plasma E2 was significantly greater in the SA than in the J veins from 180-210 to 250-280 days (P < 0.01). In cows, differences between E2 plasma concentrations in J and SA veins were observed only at 250-280 days of pregnancy. At 250-280 days, in both animal types plasma E2 was significantly greater than in non-pregnant animals (P < 0.001). We suggest that AED originates primarily from the feto-placental unit, while mammary E2 synthesis near term can affect plasma concentrations. Binding data showed that AED is a weak competitor for cytosolic ER (IC50 range: 1.44 x 10(-5) to 3.71 x 10(-5) M). These results suggest that a direct estrogenic activity for AED is unlikely in dairy cattle, and the physiological role of AED needs to be elucidated.     

Inhibition of progesterone secretion and decrease of ovarian blood flow by isoxazole in pregnant rats

Pregnant rats were treated on day 11 of pregnancy with 0.62, 1.25, 2.5 or 5.0 mg of isoxazole per 100 g of body weight (bw) (Experiment I) or with 2.5 mg of isoxazole per 100 g of bw (Experiment II). In Experiment I animals were anaesthetized with pentobarbital at 48 hr. In experiment II animals were similarly anaesthetized at 0, 12, 24, or 48 hr following administration of isoxazole. Blood was collected separately from the ovary or from the uterus via a thin cannula which was inserted into the utero-ovarian vein. Blood was also collected from the vena cava inferior. The concentrations of progesterone (P), 17 beta-oestradiol (E2), and corticosterone were measured in blood samples by RIA. All of the animals exhibited reduced rates of ovarian venous blood flow and rates of P secretion when pregnancy was terminated by isoxazole (2.5 mg/100 g bw or greater). The concentration of P was found to be correspondingly reduced by 90% in ovarian venous blood and by 50% in peripheral blood, relative to the controls. After isoxazole had been administered, the rate of P secretion and also the concentration of P in peripheral blood continued to decrease rapidly and to remain at low levels for at least 48 hr. By contrast, the concentration of corticosterone in peripheral blood decreased during the first 12 hr but then it returned to the control levels by 48 hr. The ovarian secretion rate of E2 and the concentration of E2 in peripheral blood remained unchanged during the same 48 hr period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Ovarian steroid production in rats treated with gonadotropin-releasing hormone during early pregnancy

In the pregnant rat, luteinizing hormone (LH) stimulates the ovarian production of testosterone (T) which is aromatized to estradiol (E2). E2 promotes progesterone (P) synthesis by the ovary. To determine if the administration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) disrupts pregnancy by suppressing ovarian steroid production, rats were treated on days 7-12 of pregnancy with 25, 50 or 100 micrograms/day of GnRH or 0.2, 1 or 5 micrograms/day of a GnRH agonist (GnRH-Ag). The higher two doses of GnRH or GnRH-Ag within 24 h suppressed peripheral levels of plasma P and terminated pregnancy within 48 h. By day 12, P levels in the ovarian vein in rats treated with GnRH or GnRH-Ag in respective doses were 2098 +/- 261, 732 +/- 437, 110 +/- 15, and 2575 +/- 463, 49 +/- 9, 43 +/- 8 compared to 1833 +/- 433 ng/ml in controls. Daily treatment of P (4 mg) and E2 (0.5 microgram) simultaneously with GnRH-Ag at its maximum dose reversed the abortifacient effect of GnRH-Ag and maintained pregnancy. Peripheral levels of Plasma LH in all groups were higher than controls on days 10 and 12. Ovarian vein levels of T on days 10 or 12 of pregnancy were either not significantly different from controls (at 2703 +/- 607 or 3249 +/- 690 pg/ml, respectively) or increased dramatically to 9547 +/- 1769 on day 10 and to 5985 +/- 1426 pg/ml on day 12 in rats treated with 0.2 microgram of GnRH-Ag. Similarly, ovarian vein levels of E2 on days 10 or 12 were either not significantly different from controls (at 2022 +/- 227 or 2793 +/- 184 pg/ml, respectively) or increased dramatically to 2980 +/- 58 pg/ml on day 10 in rats treated with 25 micrograms of GnRH or to 3296 +/- 241 on day 10 and to 3420 +/- 325 pg/ml on day 12 in rats treated with 0.2 microgram of GnRH-Ag. These results indicate that the abortifacient effect of GnRH administration in rats is not due to its effect on the uterus, but to its suppressive effects on ovarian P secretion. There was no evidence to show that a GnRH-induced fall in ovarian secretion of either T or E2 were involved in this process.     

EFI评分、血清MMIF、YKL-40与子宫内膜异位症患者卵巢功能、临床分期的关系

摘要 目的：探讨生育指数（EFI）评分、血清巨噬细胞移动抑制因子（MMIF）、甲壳质酶蛋白 40（YKL-40）与子宫内膜异位症患者卵巢功能、临床分期的关系。方法：选取我院2020年6月到2023年6月收治的80例子宫内膜异位症患者,分为观察组,另选取同期来我院体检的80名健康女性志愿者作为对照组。对比两组受检者EFI评分、血清MMIF、YKL-40及卵巢功能指标表达水平。应用美国生殖医学协会子宫内膜异位症分期标准(r-AFS)对80例子宫内膜异位症患者进行分期,其中Ⅰ期15例,Ⅱ期23例,Ⅲ期25例,Ⅳ期17例,对比不同r-AFS分期患者EFI评分、血清MMIF、YKL-40表达水平。并采用Spearman相关法分析法分析EFI评分、血清MMIF、YKL-40与卵巢功能指标的相关性。结果：观察组患者EFI评分低于对照组,血清MMIF、YKL-40表达水平高于对照组（P＜0.05）;观察组抗苗勒氏管激素（AMH）、黄体生成素（LH）、卵泡刺激素（FSH）表达水平低于对照组,雌二醇（Estradiol,E₂）水平高于对照组（P＜0.05）;不同分期子宫内膜异位症患者EFI评分由高到低分别为Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期、Ⅲ期、Ⅳ期,MMIF和YKL-40水平由高到低分别为Ⅳ期、Ⅲ期、Ⅱ期、Ⅰ期,不同分期EFI评分、血清MMIF、YKL-40表达水平对比差异显著（P＜0.05）;Spearman相关法分析结果表明：EFI评分与AMH、LH、FSH呈正相关,与E2呈负相关（P＜0.05）,MMIF和YKL-40与AMH、LH、FSH呈负相关,与E₂呈正相关（P＜0.05）。结论：EFI评分、血清MMIF、YKL-40水平与子宫内膜异位症患者的卵巢具有明显相关性,且不同子宫内膜异位症患者EFI评分、血清MMIF、YKL-40水平具有显著差异,临床可考虑应用EFI评分、血清MMIF、YKL-40水平来辅助判断子宫内膜异位症患者的卵巢功能与疾病严重程度。     

腹腔镜卵巢囊肿剥除术中序贯式止血法对卵巢功能的影响研究

目的:探讨腹腔镜卵巢囊肿剥除术中序贯式止血法对卵巢功能的影响。方法:选取良性卵巢囊肿患者120例,随机分成对照组及观察组,每组60例,对照组术中采用传统的双极电凝止血法,观察组术中采用序贯式止血法。观察两组患者术前及术后3个月雌二醇(E2)、黄体生成素(LH)以及促卵泡激素(FSH)水平变化,采用kupperman改良评分法比较两组患者月经和妊娠情况,并且统计两组患者术前及术后3个月卵巢功能正常以及卵巢储备功能下降的发生率。结果:术后3个月对照组E2、LH及FSH水平较术前变化较大,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),而观察组E2、LH及FSH水平较术前变化较小,仅FSH差异有统计学意义(P0.05),术后3个月两组E2、LH及FSH水平差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组月经改变、围绝经期综合症的发生率与治疗后距妊娠时间均显著少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);而妊娠率明显高于对照组患者,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);术后3个月观察组患者卵巢功能正常率显著高于对照组,并且卵巢储备功能下降率显著低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:腹腔镜卵巢囊肿剥除术中采用序贯式止血法对患者的卵巢功能影响较小,有利于患者术后正常生理功能的恢复,值得在临床上推广应用。     

Ovarian steroidogenesis in Japanese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome

Gonadotropin and steroid hormone levels in both peripheral and ovarian venous blood were measured in samples obtained from 20 Japanese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOs) and 10 normal women in early follicular phase (normal women) by radioimmunoassay. The change in the amount of steroid hormone following intravenous human menopausal gonadotropin (HMG) or dexamethasone administration was investigated. The mean concentration in patients with PCOs was significantly higher than the concentrations found in normal women for LH (p less than 0.001), but not for FSH in peripheral blood. Significantly elevated ovarian venous steroid hormone levels in PCOs were found for 17 alpha-hydroxypregnenolone (p less than 0.05), progesterone (p less than 0.05), 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone (p less than 0.01), 4 delta-androstenedione (p less 0.01), testosterone (p less than 0.01), estrone (p less than 0.01) and estradiol (p less than 0.05), but not for dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEAS). The ovarian dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) level was slightly elevated in PCOs. The concentration of ovarian 4 delta-androstenedione in PCOs reached twelve times as much as that in normal women. After the administration of HMG, all of the ovarian venus steroid hormone levels were elevated slightly and without significance in the short observation time for 10 min. The DHEAS level was suppressed while the ovarian DHEA level remained high in PCOs following dexamethasone administration. These findings seem to indicate there is no adrenal involvement and no adrenal-like component in the ovary of PCOs, and no evidence of 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and/or aromatase deficiency in this study. The increase in the steroid hormone secretion in PCOs is explained by the increase in ovarian production in polycystic enlarged ovaries.     

hMSH2、PCNA蛋白和金葡菌L型感染在卵巢肿瘤中的临床意义

目的 探讨hMSH2(human mut shomolog 2)基因、增殖细胞核抗原(proliferating cell nuclear antigen,PCNA)和金葡菌L型感染在卵巢肿瘤中的表达及临床意义.方法 用免疫组化法检测97例卵巢乳头状癌及23例卵巢乳头状瘤组织中hMSH2、PCNA蛋白以及金葡菌L型抗原的表达,用革兰染色法检测这些组织中有无L型细菌的存在,并用x2检验进行统计学处理.结果 hMSH2蛋白在卵巢恶性肿瘤组织中的阳性表达率明显低于良性肿瘤的(P＜0.01),在卵巢乳头状癌中临床分期Ⅰ、Ⅱ期表达率明显高于Ⅲ、Ⅳ期(P＜0.01),随着病理分级增高而显著降低(P＜0.05),腹腔淋巴结无转移者、无腹水者比有转移、有腹水者明显增高(P ＜0.01 ～0.05).而PCNA蛋白在卵巢恶性肿瘤组织中的阳性表达率明显高于良性肿瘤的(P＜0.01),在卵巢乳头状癌中临床分期Ⅲ、Ⅳ期的表达明显高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ期(P＜0.05),随着病理分级增高而显著增加(P＜0.05),腹腔淋巴结有转移者比无转移者明显增高(P＜0.05),有无腹水者之间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).金葡菌L型抗原阳性表达和L型菌的检出率与病理分级、临床分期有明显相关性(P＜0.05),有腹腔淋巴结转移、有腹水者均高于无转移和无腹水者(P＜0.01).结论 hMSH2、PCNA蛋白在卵巢肿瘤中有不同程度的异常表达,均可作为判断卵巢肿瘤生物学行为及患者预后的参考指标,金葡菌L型的感染极有可能导致基因的突变或过表达,因此L型感染可能成为诱发肿瘤形成的原因之一,它们相互协同在卵巢肿瘤发生和发展过程中起重要作用.     

Oxidative damage to proteins and decrease of antioxidant capacity in patients with varicocele

To examine oxidative damage to blood proteins in the spermatic vein and seminal plasma antioxidant capacity of patients with varicocele, 30 young male patients with varicocele (group 1), 25 young male patients with subclinical varicocele (group 2), and 15 normal young males without varicocele (group 3) were recruited in this study. Varicocele and subclinical varicocele were confirmed by physical examination and Doppler ultrasonography. Blood samples were drawn from peripheral and spermatic veins before varicocelectomy. Plasma protein carbonyls were measured by a spectrophotometric assay after reacting with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine. Protein thiols and ascorbic acid of seminal plasma were measured by spectrophotometric methods. We found that plasma protein carbonyls in the spermatic veins were significantly higher than those of corresponding peripheral veins in all 30 patients in group 1 and 12 patients in group 2 receiving varicocelectomy. Protein carbonyls in the spermatic veins of patients with varicocele (3.72 +/- 0.56 nmole/mg protein) and patients with subclinical varicocele (3.50 +/- 0.30 nmole/mg protein) were found to be higher than those of the control (2.35 +/- 0.33 nmole/mg protein). Protein thiols were 0.97 +/- 0.96, 1.50 +/- 0.89, and 3.49 +/- 0.81 nmole/ml, and ascorbic acid levels were 1.87 +/- 0.42, 2.13 +/- 0.24, and 2.38 +/- 0.07 mg/dl, in seminal plasma of the patients in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Seminal plasma protein thiols and ascorbic acid levels in group 1 were significantly lower than those in groups 2 and 3, respectively. These results indicate that oxidative stress in the patients with varicocele and subclinical varicocele was higher than that of the control. We suggest that plasma protein carbonyls, and protein thiols and ascorbic acid of seminal plasma are useful markers for the assessment of oxidative stress in patients with varicocele and subclinical varicocele.     

Prolactin concentrations in follicular fluid following ovarian hyperstimulation for in vitro fertilization

Prolactin (PRL) and sex steroid concentrations were measured in follicular fluids of women treated either with (1) clomiphene/hCG or with (2) clomiphene + hMG/hCG. Method 1 of ovarian stimulation resulted in lower follicular PRL and higher oestradiol-17 beta (E2) and progesterone (P) concentrations than method 2. There was no difference in the PRL and sex steroid concentrations of follicles with fertilized and of those yielding unfertilized ova, but in both stimulation types, follicles from which no oocytes were obtained had high PRL and low E2 and P levels. Significant positive correlations were evident for PRL and T and E2 and P, respectively, while PRL and P were negatively correlated.     

Dissolved organic carbon concentrations and fluxes along the Moisie River, Quebec

SUMMARY. 1. The main stream and tributaries of a 145 km reach of the Moisie River, Quebec, were examined for temperature, conductivity, pH, dissolved organic carbon (DOC),%DOC>100,000 nominal molecular weight (NMW), optical density (OD₃₅₀), and the ratio of OD₄₀₀ to OD₆₀₀ (E4:E6).
2. Dissolved organic carbon concentrations correlated closely with OD₃₅₀ ( r ²=0.92, P <0.001). However,%DOC>100,000 NMW did not correlate with the E4:E6 ratio.
3. Except for a slight increase in%DOC> 100,000 NMW ( r ²=0.37, P <0.05), no change in any characteristic occurred down the length of the Moisie River, despite consistently higher levels of DOC in the tributaries.
4. Results suggest that high concentrations of DOC in tributary waters are rapidly removed within the main river channel. These results are discussed in terms of both biotic and abiotic models of in-strcam processing.