The association of ovarian cancer with various genetic markers

The distribution of blood groups AB0, Rh, P1, MN and Haptoglobins among ovarian cancer patients was studied. Significant associations between ovarian cancer and B(III) and MN blood groups as well as the 2-1 variant of haptoglobin were revealed. These data should be kept in mind when forming the high risk groups among population, in relation to ovarian cancer.     

黔南布依族、苗族和水族人群ABO血型分布及基因频率

本文对黔南州布依族、苗族、水族人群ABO血型的表现型及基因型频率进行检测。结果显示:黔南布依族ABO血型分布为O>B>A>AB;苗族、水族为O>A>B>AB。3个民族ABO血型基因频率相接近;经吻合度检测,符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡定律。黔南与黔东南、黔西南布依族和苗族群体间以及黔南水族男女群体间ABO血型分布差异均具有显著性(P<0.05或P<0.01),结果提示ABO血型分布存在民族、地区和性别差异。     

Untersuchungen über die Verteilung der ABO-Blutgruppen bei verschiedenen Erkrankungen im Säuglingsalter

Summary In the last ten years the ABO blood groups of our infants have been constantly ascertained and their distribution among some of the more prevalent diseases have been investigated. Other infants and healthy new-borns were used for comparison. The following results have been found:The blood group O is slightly more frequent in sick babies than in healthy new-borns. Among patients, who were under the age of 2 months at the time of admission, there were more with blood group O than among the older children. The blood group A tends to increase among the infants with anemia and with acute respiratory diseases, the blood group O tends to increase among those with staphylococcal infections and rachitis. With the latter the blood group B seems also to be found a little more frequently.Statistics show the increase of the blood group A in anemia in the 3. and 4. months of life and in acute respiratory diseases between the 3. and 12. month of life. The increase of the blood group O in staphylococcal infections is sure only among the youngest patients during their 1. month of life, it is obvious among the older patients, and there mainly among those of masculine sex. The increase of the blood groups O and B among infants with rachitis at the age of 3 to 12 months is almost certain. Premature babies show a sure decrease of the blood group O among both sexes, an increase of the blood group A among feminine, and of the blood group B among masculine patients.     

The simian-type M and the human-type ABO blood groups in the African green monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops): their inheritance, distribution and significance for the management of a breeding colony

We have established a new simian-type blood group system (M blood groups) in the African green monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops), using a haemagglutinating antibody which was developed by alloimmunization. The M blood groups consisted of two phenotypes, type-M and type-m. We have also determined the mode of inheritance as well as the distribution of both simian-type M and human-type ABO blood groups, employing 113 families including 160 animals. The family analysis revealed that (1) the simian-type M blood groups were governed by the two alleles, dominant M and recessive m, and (2) the human-type ABO blood groups were governed by 3 alleles, codominant A and B and silent O, although no monkey of phenotype-O was found in our breeding colony. Differences in the phenotypic distribution and gene frequency of respective M and ABO blood groups were observed among 3 populations imported at different times. The genetic management of the African green monkey breeding colony was discussed in relation to the difference in distribution of phenotypes of M and ABO blood groups between the parental (wild-originated) and the first filial (colony-born) populations.     

Association of blood groups with hepatitis C viremia

Hepatitis C virus remained a public health problem with approximately half of the patients untreated and undiagnosed. Chronic HCV is a leading cause of cirrhosis, fibrosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and other hepatic morbidities. Active HCV has a prevalence rate of about 1% (71 million). By July, 2019, 10 million population of Pakistan was declared to have active HCV infection. According to World Health Organization, 23,720 people died of hepatitis-related complexities in Pakistan in 2016. Individuals with certain types of ABO blood groups were more susceptible to diverse kinds of infections. For instance, blood types A and AB predisposed individuals to severe malaria, while type O conferred resistance to the many of the protozoan agent.This study was designed to explore the association of hepatitis C viremia to blood groups, Rh factors, age and gender distribution among Pakistani population. Total 246 participants were screened for HCV in Taqwa diagnostics laboratory, Multan and 200 were found positive. They were divided into 4 groups on the basis of their age. First group included patients ranging from 17 to 25 (52), second, third and fourth group included patients from 26 to 34 (92), 35 to 43 (42) and 44 to above (14) respectively. Confirmed Hepatitis C patients were subjected to analysis of blood group, Rh factor and viral load. Results demonstrated that patients having ‘O’ blood group (60.37%) were reported for high viral load than any of the other blood groups in the patients of Southern Punjab, Pakistan. Furthermore, Rh-negative factor (26.42) was associated with high viral load than that of the Rh-positive factor (73.58). Disclosure practiced that age group (26–34) was reported for the high viral load than that of the any other group of this study. Females were more aggressively affected by HCV Viremia than male because the mean viral load among the females was higher than that of the males. Greater social awareness and gender-sensitive healthcare is necessary to improve the experiences of patients with HCV.     

Weitere Untersuchungsergebnisse zur Frage der unterschiedlichen Verteilung der ABO-Blutgruppen bei erstgeborenen und nachgeborenen Kindern

Summary The ABO blood group distribution among 1284 first-born children is compared with the frequency of the blood groups among 2388 later-born children. Among the later-born children the blood group O is more frequent, whereas the blood groups B and AB are rarer. From the fifth child on both the increase of the blood group O and the decrease of the groups B and AB become more evident. The total frequency of boys is practically the same both in the different blood groups and in the sum of all first and later-born children. Within the blood group O, however, boys are predominating among the first-born children, but are less numerous among the later-born children. Within the blood group AB on the contrary there is a lack of boys among the first-born children and an excess of boys among the later-born children. The same distribution but to a smaller extent might be found within the blood group B among a not selected material. In the same way the change of the sexual distribution seems to rise with the increasing number of children, as it appears from the rate from the fifth child onward.

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(Ärztl. Leiter: Prim. Dr. W. Kircher)     

A study of the A-1A-2BO blood group system and ABO(H) secretion in six endogamous groups of Punjab

2,596 Aroras and 2,629 Khatris comprising six endogamous groups of the Punjabis have been studied for A₁A₂BO blood groups and secretion of ABO(H) group specific substances. The values of chi-square and the genetical difference (G²) among these groups do not show statistically significant differences in these groups regarding the genetical characters studied. There is a closer affinity between Beri and Bunjahi on the one hand and Uttaradhi and Dhakhandian on the other and also between Uttaradhi and Khukhran; Dhakhandian and Sareen show a great difference among themselves as well as with other groups. The comparison of ABO blood group distribution and secretor factor among the different populations of India show that the distribution is similar among the North Indians.     

Autosomal dominant cyclic hematopoiesis: exclusion of linkage to the major hematopoietic regulatory gene cluster on chromosome 5

This is an investigation into the finding that patients with primary hyperparathyroidism caused by Water Clear Cell Hyperplasia (WCCH) frequently belong to blood group O. Two control groups were defined from the same time period as 32 cases of WCCH treated at our clinic: one was a consecutive patient series with other forms of primary hyperparathyroidism (n=864) and the other was the population in a geographically defined area in Sweden (n=59,862). The blood group distribution of the patients with WCCH differed from the distribution of the patients with other forms of primary hyperparathyroidism with high significance (P=0.00040). The blood group distribution did not differ between the two control groups. Strong associations between disease and HL-A type have previously been described, while associations found between disease and ABO blood groups were weaker. The association between WCCH and blood group O described here is by far the strongest association with the ABO system demonstrated to date. It is possible that the presence of an O-allele is a prerequisite for the development of WCCH.     

Global co-existence of two evolutionary lineages of parvovirus b19 1a, different in genome-wide synonymous positions

Parvovirus B19 (B19V) can cause infection in humans. To date, three genotypes of B19V, with subtypes, are known, of which genotype 1a is the most prevalent genotype in the Western world. We sequenced the genome of B19V strains of 65 asymptomatic, recently infected Dutch blood donors, to investigate the spatio-temporal distribution of B19V strains, in the years 2003-2009. The sequences were compared to B19V sequences from Dutch patients with fifth disease, and to global B19V sequences as available from GenBank. All Dutch B19V strains belonged to genotype 1a. Phylogenetic analysis of the strains from Dutch blood donors showed that two groups of genotype 1a co-exist. A clear-cut division into the two groups was also found among the B19V strains from Dutch patients, and among the B19V sequences in GenBank. The two groups of genotype 1a co-exist around the world and do not appear to differ in their ability to cause disease. Strikingly, the two groups of B19V predominantly differ in synonymous mutations, distributed throughout the entire genome of B19V. We propose to call the two groups of B19V genotype 1a respectively subtype 1a1 and 1a2.     

Effects of sodium intake on renal cortical blood flow distribution.

Renal cortical blood flow and superficial cortical blood flow were measured in chronic sodium-loaded, sodium-deprived and normal rats. Neither total renal cortical blood flow was different among the three groups of animals. Alterations in the amount of sodium excreted, therefore, are not related to alterations of renal cortical blood flow distribution.     

Proteolytic activity of clinical Candida albicans isolates in relation to genotype and strain source

Proteolytic activity is regarded as one of the most important virulence factors of Candida albicans. Several authors recently demonstrated that some karyotypes and genotypes harbouring a group I self-splicing intron (CaLSU) located in the gene encoding the large rRNA subunit showed a high level of proteinase production. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between the level of proteinase production and the presence of the CaLSU intron in C. albicans isolates originating from the blood and respiratory tracts (sputum/pharyngeal swabs) of patients with and without oropharyngeal candidosis. The results revealed statistically significant differences in genotype distribution and the level of proteinase production between the C. albicans isolates obtained from blood and from the respiratory tract. Genotype A, without the intron, was prevalent in all groups of strains and its prevalence was higher among isolates from blood (75%) and from patients with candidosis (80%) compared with strains from colonisation (as opposed to infection) (57.8%). Isolates from blood produced significantly less proteinase than isolates from the respiratory tract (p<0.02), and this difference should be attributed to lower proteinase production of genotypes B and C from blood compared with genotypes B and C from the respiratory tract (p<0.01). The higher proteinase production of genotype B than of genotype A was found among respiratory tract isolates only. The presented data indicate that the association between proteinase production and the CaLSU intron depends on the strains' population. Further study is needed on well-defined groups of clinical isolates to elucidate whether the observed diversity in proteinase production plays a role in the selection of strains inducing bloodstream infections.     

Human-type ABO blood groups as genetic markers for the management of a squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus) breeding colony

The human-type ABO blood groups were determined for 94 families of the squirrel monkey which included 151 animals. Four phenotypes of ABO blood groups (A, B, AB, and O) were detected. Family analysis revealed that the human-type ABO blood groups in this species were governed by three alleles, codominantA andB and silentO. There were intraspecific differences in the distribution of phenotypes and gene frequency among three populations imported by different routes at different times. The usefulness of ABO blood groups for defining the genetic variability of a squirrel monkey breeding colony through successive generations is discussed on the basis of the difference in distribution of ABO blood groups between wild-originated parental and its first colony-born populations.     

Problems in the genetics of peptic ulcer. II. An analysis of the associations of the disease with certain simply heritable traits]

The research of distribution of blood group ABO, Rhesus, Lewis, Secretor, C5+-component of choline esterase and the ability to taste PTC among Moscow population patients suffering from duodenal ulcer is carried out in comparison with the control. Statistically authentic association of the disease with 0(I) blood group, unsecretor and the association of joint signs (coefficients of association are 1.32, 2.17 and 2.62 respectively) is found. Authenticity of relation with disease is not proved during the investigation of other signs. The values of risk to fall ill for the patients possessing and not possessing the signs of duodenal ulcer are obtained (concerning separate factors and joint factors). It is established that the combination of 0(I) blood group and unsecretor increases the risk of the diseases in 2.4 times as compared with the patients possessing A, B, AB blood groups and secretors.     

State of the nonspecific humoral factors of the body's natural resistance in patients with suppurative and septic infections having various ABO system blood groups]

The results of surveying 140 patients with severe purulent and septic infections of staphylococcal etiology, when compared with the distribution of the blood groups (as classified according to the ABO system) in 180 healthy donors, revealed that generalized purulent infections occurred most frequently in patients with blood groups A (II) and AB (IV), and more seldom in patients with blood groups O (I) and B (III). The average content of lysozyme, complement and normal antibodies to E. coli, as well as the average level of general bactericidal activity in the blood sera of the patients were considerably lower than in the blood sera of healthy donors; at the same time content of lysozyme, complement and normal antibodies in the blood sera of patients having different groups of blood did not reflect the degree of their predisposition or resistance to staphylococcal infections. The general bactericidal activity of the blood serum was found to correlate with the degree of predisposition or resistance to purulent septic infections of staphylococcal etiology to a greater extent than other characteristics.     

Let's try more prevention.

The efficacy of self-recording of blood pressure in the management of hypertension was assessed in a randomized clinical trial involving 140 persons who had been receiving antihypertensive therapy for a year or more, but whose diastolic blood pressure had remained at 95 mm Hg or higher. To control for the increased attention implicit in self-recording, which might affect blood pressure, the patients were assigned at random to one of the four groups: self-recording and monthly home visits, self-recording only, monthly home visits only, and neither self-recording nor monthly home visits. This design also permitted assessment of the effect of home visits. During the 6-month experiment no significant differences were apparent between the groups in either compliance or diastolic blood pressure. However, both self-recording and monthly home visits produced a reduction in blood pressure among patients who admitted to difficulty remembering to take their pills; a reduction was not seen among patients who said they had no such difficulty. This confirmed an earlier observation suggesting that this easily identified group of patients may be the most responsive to intervention programs.     

Genotyping of the Duffy Blood Group among Plasmodium knowlesi-Infected Patients in Malaysia

The Duffy blood group is of major interest in clinical medicine as it plays an important role in Plasmodium knowlesi and Plasmodium vivax infection. In the present study, the distribution of Duffy blood group genotypes and allelic frequencies among P. knowlesi infected patients as well as healthy individuals in Peninsular Malaysia were determined. The blood group of 60 healthy blood donors and 51 P. knowlesi malaria patients were genotyped using allele specific polymerase chain reaction (ASP-PCR). The data was analyzed using Fisher''s exact test in order to assess the significance of the variables. Our results show a high proportion of the FY*A/FY*A genotype (>85% for both groups) and a high frequency of the FY*A allele (>90% for both groups). The FY*A/FY*A genotype was the most predominant genotype in both infected and healthy blood samples. The genotype frequency did not differ significantly between the donor blood and the malaria patient groups. Also, there was no significant correlation between susceptibility to P. knowlesi infection with any Duffy blood genotype.     

ABO and Rhesus (D) blood group distribution among blood donors in rural south western Uganda: a retrospective study

Background

In Uganda, geographical distribution of blood groups and Rhesus (D) factor varies across the country. The aim of this study was to examine the distribution of these groups among voluntary blood donors in rural southwestern Uganda.

Results

Twenty-three thousand five hundred four (23,504) blood donors were included in the study. The donors had a mean age of 21 years (SD ± 5.7) and were mainly male (73%). The distribution of ABO blood group was; blood group O (50.3%); blood group A (24.6%); blood group B (20.7%) and blood group AB (4.5%). The proportions of Rhesus (D) positive and Rhesus (D) negative were 98 and 2% respectively. The proportion of non-adult donors (<18 years) was significantly higher among the female than the male donors (p value <0.001). A significantly higher proportion of males than females were Rhesus (D) negative (p-value <0.001). No significant relationship was found between age and blood group distribution.

Conclusion

The sequence of ABO distribution among the rural population in southwestern Uganda is; O > A > B > AB, with males as the predominant donors. The frequency of Rhesus (D) negative is very low in rural southwestern Ugandan and is mainly among males. The blood bank services in southwestern Uganda need to develop innovative strategies targeting female donors who are more likely to boost blood stocks in the region.

     

Anthropological studies in Assam, India

Four Assamese caste groups--Jogis, Hiras, Kumars and Kaibartas--have been analysed for the distribution of anthropometric and dermatoglyphic traits as well as for the distribution of ABO blood groups and PTC taste sensitivity. The differences among these four caste groups are statistically mostly significant, which can be connected with the history of these groups and their genetic isolation from each other.     

Peculiarities of the lysozyme content in cods (order Gadiformes) and flatfish (order Pleuronectiformes)

There was analyzed the content of lysozyme-the parameter of the non-specific immunity-in kidney, liver, spleen, and blood serum in 8 fish species of orders Gadiformes and Pleuronectiformes. The cods are characterized by very low level of the enzyme or by the absence of its activity in some organs and in blood serum regardless of the fish habitat. The flatfish demonstrated diversity in the content and distribution of lysozyme in the body of fish of different species. Two flatfish species inhabiting the Okhotsk Sea, with the unique distribution of the enzyme, are revealed. Their peculiarity is due, first, to the highest content of lysozyme in the blood serum among all fish studied earlier; second, to exceeding 2–3 times the enzyme amount in blood serum, as compared to the studied immunocompetent organs. The obtained results confirm the concept that among the fish there exist different related groups differing by the lysozyme activity, and, possibly, by peculiarities of the non-specific immunity as a whole.