美丽红豆杉种子化学成分的研究(Ⅰ)

从美丽红豆杉种子中分离得到1个甾醇和9个紫杉烷类化合物,鉴定为β-谷甾醇(1),5α-cinnamoyloxy-9α％,10β,13α-triacetoxy-taxa-4(20),11-diene(2),taxinine(3),taxinine J(4),taxinine B(5),taxinineE(6),10-deacetyltaxinine(7),taxuspinew(8),decinnarnoyltaxinineE(9)和紫杉醇(10)。除化合物2、3、4以外,其它均为首次从该植物种子中获得。     

黄杨木中的两个新黄杨生物碱

从黄杨木 (Buxus microphylla Sieb.et Zucc.)中分离了 5个化合物 ,据其理化常数和光谱数据(IR、MS、1 H- NMR和 1 3 C- NMR)分别鉴定为 :环黄杨酰胺 ( )、黄杨木定 A( )、黄杨它因 M( )、异东莨菪香豆素 ( )和表 -羽扇豆醇 ( )。其中化合物 和 为新黄杨生物碱     

海洋链霉菌B170167发酵产物中含氮化合物及其细胞毒活性研究

利用色谱层析技术从海洋链霉菌B170167中分离得到11个含氮化合物,包括8个吲哚类和3个含氮杂环化合物。经波谱分析分别鉴定为Turbomycin A(1)、3,3-二-(3-吲哚)丙烷-1,2-二醇(2)、N-(2-(1H-Indol-3-yl)-2-oxoethyl)-acetamide(3)、N-乙酰基色氨酸(4)、9H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚(5)、吲哚-3-甲醛(6)、3-吲哚丙酸(7)、3-吲哚甲酸(8)、光色素(9)、Ferrioxamine E(10)、3-羟基-2-甲基吡啶(11)。其中化合物11为首次从微生物中分离得到。化合物1、2、5、10、11显示出显著的细胞毒活性,化合物3、4、6、7、8显示中等程度的细胞毒活性。     

红豆杉(Taxus chinensis (Pilger) Rehd.)化学成分研究(简报)

自七十年代发现了紫杉醇（taxol）独特的抗癌机制一促进微管蛋白聚合、抑制微管蛋白解聚后,紫杉醇及其类似物紫杉烷类二该化合物的资源调查和化学研究倍受重视。紫杉醇主要存在于红豆杉科的大多数植物中,红豆杉科（Taxaceae）红豆杉属（TaxuS）植物全球大约有11种,我国有4种和1个变种。我们从采自湖北神农架的红豆杉（Tchinens周树皮中分离得到8个结晶性物质,本文报道其中已鉴定的3个成分,即taxinineJ（l）,ldiydroxybaccatinl（2）和taxol（3）。据文献报道,已经从红豆杉分离得到二十多种紫杉烷类化合物l'l,而我们分离得到的1和2…     

佛肚树的化学成分研究

从麻疯树属植物佛肚树茎、叶中分离得到11个化合物,通过波谱数据结合理化性质鉴定(1H NMR、13C NMR、ESI-MS)分别为epi-isojatrogrossidione(1)、jatrogrossidion(2)、4E-jatrogrossidentadion(3)、jatrophodione A(4)、ent-3β-hydroxypimara-8(14),15-dien-12-one(5)、clemaphenol A(6)、(+)-Medioresinol(7)、scoparone(8)、fraxidin(9)、7,8-dihydroxy-5,6-dimethy-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one(10)和(3R,8S)-falcarindiol(11)。所有化合物均为首次从该种中分离得到,其中化合物1、5、6、7、10和11为首次从麻疯树属中分离得到。     

兖州卷柏的肽类化学成分及对低氧/复氧诱导的PC-12细胞损伤的保护作用

采用聚酰胺、硅胶柱层析、Sephadex LH-20和制备液相等分离方法对卷柏属植物兖州卷柏的化学成分进行分离纯化,根据理化性质和现代波谱技术鉴定了11个化合物:aurantiamide(1)、aurantiamide acetate(2)、Nbenzoyl-L-phenylalaninol(3)、neoechinulin A(4)、5,7-二羟基色原酮(5)、3-(3-羟基-苯基)-丙酸(6)、3-(3-羟基-苯基)-丙酸甲酯(7)、肉桂酸(8)、(1H-indol-3-yl)oxoacetamide(9)、3-甲醛-1H-吲哚(10)、3-甲酸-1H-吲哚(11),以上11个化合物首次从该植物中分离得到,且为首次从卷柏属植物中得到。采用Hoechst Staining法评价化合物1~4四个肽在低氧/复氧诱导的PC-12细胞损伤中的保护作用,结果表明4个肽类化合物在低氧复氧诱导的PC-12中表现出较强的抗氧化作用,并具有剂量依赖性,对低氧/复氧诱导的PC-12细胞损伤呈现出一定的保护作用。     

中国红豆杉枝叶中的紫杉烷二萜

从中国红豆杉(Taxus chinensis)枝叶的乙醇提取物中分离得到8个紫杉烷二萜,通过波谱分析分别确定为：14p羟基巴卡亭Ⅵ(1),巴卡亭Ⅵ(2),巴卡亭Ⅳ(3),1β-去羟基巴卡亭Ⅳ(4),云南红豆杉酯甲(5),2α-去乙酰-2α-苯甲酰基-13α-乙酰基云南紫杉亭(6),5α-羟基-2α,7βp,9α,10β,13α-五乙酰氧基紫杉-4(20),11-二烯(7)和Taxaein(8)。其中化合物1为新化合物,并报道八个化合物在丙酮中测得的核磁共振信号,化合物8的数据属首次报道。     

虫类中药蛴螬中含氮化合物研究

从虫类中药蛴螬Holotrichia diomphalia Bates的乙醇提取物中分离得到13个化合物,其结构经谱学数据和与已知化合物比较,分别鉴定为N-[2-(4-羟苯基)-乙基]乙酰胺(1)、环(酪氨酸-脯氨酸)(2)、吡啶-3-甲酰胺(3)、胸苷(4)、戊内酰胺(5)、5-(羟甲基)-1H-吡咯-2-醛(6)、环(脯氨酸-缬氨酸)(7)、环(脯氨酸-丙氨酸)(8)、羟吲哚(9)、1,2,3,4-四氢-1,3,4-三氧-β-咔啉(10)、吲哚-3-醛(11)、黄苷(12)和苯基丙氨酸(13)。化合物1～13均为首次从该种动物药中分离得到。     

迷果芹根化学成分的研究

利用普通硅胶柱色谱技术和多种现代波谱技术,从迷果芹(Sphallerocarpus gracilis)的根中分离并鉴定了11个化合物,通过波谱学方法鉴定为:falcarinol(1)、(3R,8S)-falcarindiol(2)、diplaniol(3)、5-hydroxy-8-methoxy-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one(4)、esculetin(5)、东莨菪内酯(6)、xanthalin(7)、isoimperatorin(8)、胡萝卜苷(9)、β-谷甾醇(10)和豆甾醇(11),其中化合物1～6为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

中国红豆杉细胞培养物中两种紫杉烷的分离鉴定

从中国红豆杉细胞培养物中分离得到两个紫杉化合物,它们的结构为1β－ 羟基巴卡亭Ⅰ（1β-hydroxy baccatinⅠ）和云南红豆杉甲素（yunnanxane）。     

A New Diterpene Glycoside in Aster ageratoides Turcz.

A new natural diterpene glycoside was isolated from Aster ageratoides Turcz. Its structure was elucidated by means of IR, MS (FAB, EI), NMR (1H-, 13C-, DEPT), 2D-NMR (1H-1H COSY, 13C-1 H COSY, J-resolved, CoLoC) spectra and chemical method as 16β, 17-dihydroxy- (—) -kauran- 19-oic acid-β-D-glucopyanosyl ester.     

栗柄金粉蕨的黄酮类成分

从栗柄金粉蕨（ Ｏｎｙｃｈｉｕｍ ｌｕｃｉｄｕｍ ） 地上部分的甲醇抽提物中分到１０ 个成分, 经详细的一维、二维核磁数据分析, 它们被鉴定为： 木犀草甙（１） , ３ , ７ － 二甲基槲皮素（２） , 高山甙Ｂ （３） , 金粉蕨素（４） , 栗柄醇（５） , 金粉蕨醇Ｂ（６） , β－ 谷甾醇（７） , 胡萝卜甙（８） ,齐墩果酸（９） 和蔗糖（１０） 。栗柄醇系新成分。１ , ２, ９ 系首次由金粉蕨属分到。     

Comparative studies of the polysaccharides isolated from lichenized fungi of the genus Cladonia: significance as chemotypes

Beta-D-glucans of the laminaran type were prepared from 15 Cladonia spp., Cladonia bellidiflora, Cladonia boryi, Cladonia clathrata, Cladonia connexa, Cladonia crispatula, Cladonia furcata, Cladonia gracilis, Cladonia ibitipocae, Cladonia imperialis, Cladonia miniata, Cladonia penicillata, Cladonia salmonea, Cladonia signata, Cladonia substellata and Cladonia uncialis. They were extracted with 10% aqueous KOH at 100 degrees C, giving polysaccharides with varying yields and proportions of mannose, galactose and glucose. Their aqueous solutions were freeze-thawed giving precipitates of mixed alpha-glucan (nigeran) and beta-glucans, which were isolated and suspended in aqueous 0.5% KOH at 50 degrees C, which preferentially dissolved the beta-glucan. In the case of the C. uncialis product, it was subjected to methylation analysis, which gave rise to 2,4,6-tri-O-methylglucitol acetate only, corresponding to (1-->3)-linkages. Its specific rotation (+4 degrees ) and one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra were consistent with beta-linkages. 13C and (1)H-1 signals were observed, respectively, at delta 102.8 (C-1), 86.0 (C-3), 76.2 (C-5), 72.6 (C-2), 68.3 (C-4) and 60.7 (C-6), and 4.55 (H-1), 3.31 (H-2), 3.49 (H-3), 3.27 (H-4), 3.27 (H-5), 3.48 (H-6) and 3.72 (H-6'). Similar (13)C-NMR spectra were obtained from the glucans from the other 14 Cladonia spp. The beta-D-glucans of the laminaran type seems to be present in all Cladonia spp. being significant for chemotyping since it was observed in every species studied.     

Proton and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of diastereoisomeric 3- and 17 beta-tetrahydropyranyl ether derivatives of estrone and estradiol

Protection of 3- and 17 beta-hydroxyl groups of estrone and estradiol as tetrahydropyranyl ether derivatives led to mixtures of 2'(R)- and 2'(S)-diastereoisomers which were separated by crystallization (3-tetrahydropyranyl ethers), or by thin-layer chromatography (17-tetrahydropyranyl ethers), and characterized by 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Assignments for NMR signals of estradiol 3,17 beta-ditetrahydropyranyl ether were facilitated by comparison with those of its 15 zeta, 16 zeta-dideuterio analog and by 2D 1H-13C heteroshift correlation experiments. Diastereoisomers of 3-tetrahydropyranyl ether derivatives could be identified through the 13C NMR doublet signals of the anomeric C-2' and the aromatic C-4 carbon atoms in CDCl3. Diastereoisomers of 17-tetrahydropyranyl ether derivatives were recognized from characteristic modifications of 1H NMR signals of H-2', H-6', H-1, H-17, and 18-CH3 protons as well as from the 13C NMR doublet signals corresponding to C-2', C-4', C-6', C-12, C-13, C-16, and C-17 carbon atoms. Low-temperature experiments showed a splitting of the C-2', C-6', and C-17 13C NMR signals of each of the two 17-tetrahydropyranyl ether isomers. The downfield signal (equatorial conformer) of the three resulting doublets was more intense for the 17-tetrahydropyranyl ether 2'(S)-isomer, whereas the upfield signal (axial conformer) was more intense for the 2'(R)-isomer.     

Structure of dicarboxyl malto-oligomers isolated from hypochlorite-oxidised potato starch studied by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy.

The main oxidised component in hypochlorite-oxidised potato starch was isolated by anion-exchange chromatography after enzymatic hydrolysis. The primary structure of the isolated oligosaccharides was determined by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, using homonuclear and heteronuclear two-dimensional techniques. The isolated pentamer and hexamer contained one glucose unit oxidised to a dicarboxyl residue. As the hypochlorite oxidation has occurred at positions C-2 and C-3 of a glucose unit, the introduced carboxyl groups caused ring cleavage between the carbons C-2 and C-3. The ring-cleaved dicarboxyl residue had glycosidic linkages on both sides, implying that this oxidation pathway does not result in depolymerisation. The vicinal coupling constant between H-4 and H-5 in the ring-cleaved dicarboxyl residue was 3.2 Hz, showing that the gauche orientations are preferred. As a result, a different bending of the starch chain is observed and is probably, therefore, one of the reasons why hypochlorite oxidation reduces the tendency to retrogradation. The pKa values (3.0) were determined from the pH-dependent chemical shifts of H-1, H-4 and H-5 of the dicarboxylic residue.     

Investigation of Uña De Gato I. 7-Deoxyloganic acid and 15N NMR spectroscopic studies on pentacyclic oxindole alkaloids from Uncaria tomentosa

The C-8-(S) isomer of deoxyloganic acid (7-deoxyloganic acid), together with beta-sitosteryl glucoside, five known stereoisomeric pentacyclic oxindole alkaloids and the tetracyclic oxindole isorhyncophylline, were isolated from the inner bark of Uncaria tomentosa. Structures of the isolated compounds were based on 1H and 13C NMR data, mainly 2D NMR experiments, including 1H-13C HMBC and 1H-1H NOESY correlation. Furthermore, the hitherto unreported 15N chemical shifts of the isomeric oxindole alkaloids, using 1H-15N HMBC experiments, were utilized to facilitate their characterization. Uncarine D showed weak cytotoxic activity against SK-MEL, KB, BT-549 and SK-OV-3 cell lines with IC(50) values between 30 and 40 microg/ml, while uncarine C exhibited weak cytotoxicity only against ovarian carcinoma (IC(50) at 37 microg/ml).     

Amorpha-4,11-diene synthase: mechanism and stereochemistry of the enzymatic cyclization of farnesyl diphosphate

Recombinant amorpha-4,11-diene synthase from Artemisia annua, expressed in Escherichia coli, was incubated with the deuterium-labeled farnesyl diphosphates, (1R)-[1-(2)H]FPP, (1S)-[1-(2)H]FPP, and [1,1-(2)H2]FPP. GC-MS analysis of amorpha-4,11-diene formed from the deuterated FPPs shows that the deuterium atoms are retained in the product. Furthermore, analysis of the MS-spectra obtained with the differently labeled substrate indicates that the H-1si-proton of FPP is transferred during the cyclization reaction to carbon 10 of amorphadiene while the H-1re-proton of FPP is retained on C-6 of the product. Proton NMR and COSY experiments proved that the original H-1si-proton of FPP is located at C-10 of amorpha-4,11-diene as a result of a 1,3-hydride shift following initial 1,6-ring closure. The results obtained support the previously suggested mechanism for the cyclization of farnesyl diphosphate by amorph-4,11-diene synthase involving isomerization of FPP to (R)-nerolidyl diphosphate (NPP), ionization of NPP, and C-1,C-6-ring closure to generate a bisabolyl cation, followed by a 1,3-hydride shift, 1,10-ring closure to generate the amorphane skeleton, and deprotonation at either C-12 or C-13 to afford the final product (1S,6R,7R,10R)-amorpha-4,11-diene.     

Nuclear-magnetic-resonance study of the histidine residues of S-peptide and S-protein and kinetics of 1H-2H exchange of ribonuclease A.

1H NMR spectroscopy at 100 MHz was used to determine the first-order rate constants for the 1H-2H exchange of the H-2 histidine resonances of RNase-A in 2H2O at 35 degrees C and pH meter readings of 7, 9, 10 and 10.5. Prolonged exposure in 2H2O at 35 degrees C and pH meter reading 11 caused irreversible denaturation of RN-ase-A. The rate constants at pH 7 and 9 agreed reasonably well with those obtained in 1H-3H exchange experiments by Ohe, J., Matsuo, H., Sakiyama, F. and Narita, K. [J. Biochem, (Tokyo) 75, 1197-1200 (1974)]. The rate data obtained by various authors is summarised and the reasons for the poor agreement between the data is discussed. The first-order rate constant for the exchange of His-48 increases rapidly from near zero at pH 9 (due to its inaccessibility to solvent) with increase of pH to 10.5 The corresponding values for His-119 show a decrease and those for His-12 a small increase over the same pH range. These changes are attributed to a conformational change in the hinge region of RNase-A (probably due to the titration of Tyr-25) which allows His-48 to become accessible to solvent. 1H NMR spectra of S-protein and S-peptide, and of material partially deuterated at the C-2 positions of the histidine residues confirm the reassignment of the histidine resonances of RNase-A [Bradbury, J. H. & Teh, J. S. (1975) Chem. Commun., 936-937]. The chemical shifts of the C-2 and C-4 protons of histidine-12 of S-peptide are followed as a function of pH and a pK' value of 6.75 is obtained. The reassignment of the three C-2 histidine resonances of S-protein is confirmed by partial deuteration studies. The pK' values obtained from titration of the H-2 resonances of His-48, His-105 and His-119 are 5.3, 6.5 and 6.0, respectively. The S-protein is less stable to acid than RNase-A since the former, but not the latter, shows evidence of reversible denaturation at pH 3 and 26 degrees C. His-48 in S-protein titrates normally and has a lower pK than in RN-ase-A probably because of the absence of Asp-14, which in RN-ase-A forms a a hydrogen bond with His-48 and causes it to be inaccessible to solvent, at pH values below 9.     

Two oleanene glycosides from the aerial parts of Caltha polypetala.

Two new oleanene glycosides (1-2) possessing hederagenin as the aglycone were isolated from the methanolic extract of the aerial parts of Caltha polypetala together with four known glycosides. The saccharide portion linked to C-3 of the aglycone is made up of alpha-L-arabinopyranose, alpha-L-rhamnopyranose and galactopyranose in the new compounds; while compound 1 possesses linked to C-28 a trisaccharide moiety made up of two beta-D-glucopyranose and one alpha-L-rhamnopyranose unit, in compound 2 the 28-COOH group is free. The structures were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR experiments including 1H-1H (DQF-COSY, 1D-TOCSY, 2D-ROESY) and 1H-13C (HSQC, HMBC) spectroscopy.     

NMR assignment of iso-alpha-acids from isomerised extracts of Humulus lupulus L. cones

Iso-alpha-acids are known to contribute to the characteristic bitter taste of beer. Six iso-alpha-acids were isolated from a carbon dioxide extract of the cones of Humulus lupulus L. by centrifugal partition chromatography followed by separation through beta-cyclodextrin binding. This method overcame the low yield issue of most isolation procedures that results from the low stability of these compounds to light and oxygen. Their full identification was performed using one- and two-dimensional NMR spectrometry, including (1)H- and (13)C-NMR, (1)H-(1)H COSY, HMQC and HMBC and electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry. The results confirmed the structures of the isolated compounds as trans-isocohumulone, cis-isocohumulone, trans-isohumulone, cis-isohumulone, trans-isoadhumulone and cis-isoadhumulone. Epimers can be easily distinguished by observing the chemical shift differences of the H-5, H-1', H-2' and C-5 signals and the different splitting pattern of H-5 and H-2'.