自然保护区建设和管理中的若干法律问题

为引导、规范和促进我国自然保护区建设事业的健康发展,维持正常的自然保护区管理秩序,1994年lO月9日国务院发布了《中华人民共和国自然保护区条例》(以下简称《条例》),自1994年12月1日起正式实施。这是我国有史以来第一部适用于各种类型自然保护区建设和管     

广东省教育厅召开中学生物园建设经验交流会

广东省教育厅于今年五月六日至九日在海南岛儋县和琼山县府城召开了广东省中学生物园建设经验交流会。与会代表共同总结了我省中学生物园建设的初步经验,大家认为,要办好中学生物园,首先要明确办园目的,走正路子。其次,生物园的建设应作为学校的基本建设来抓,由学校统筹规划建设。第三,生物园办好的关键是领导的重视和生物教师的主观努力。第四,建设生物园要从学校的实际出发,因地制宜,不强求所谓完整、正规。生物园办得好不好主要看是否充分为教学服务。第五,建设生物园要贯彻勤俭节约、自     

中国科协召开热带亚热带山地丘陵建设与生态平衡学术讨论会

一九八○年十一月三日至十日,中国科协在湖南株洲主持召开了热带亚热带山地丘陵建设与生态平衡学术讨论会。这是由来自11个全国性学会和15个省区的农学、林学、生态、植物、动物、气象、土壤、地理、水利、水产、环保、经济等方面专家、教授、科技工作者325人参加的一次学术界盛会。会议的目的是多学科分析我国热带亚热带山地丘陵地区生态平衡严重失调和生产建设发展落后的现状和原因,并针对其生态学的和社会经济的因素,探讨合理开发利用和建设这一地区,恢复生态平衡,发挥自然优势,提高生     

“海南岛大农业建设与生态平衡学术讨论会”在广州召开

由国家科委、原国家农委和中国科协联合举办的“海南岛大农业建设与生态平衡学术讨论会”,于1983年5月27日至6日1日在广州召开。来自全国16个学会的200多名专家学者为建设和开发海南岛出谋献策。会议共收到学术论文130多篇。经过6天的认真讨论,与会者对海南岛大农业建设的主要问题及当前急需解决的关键性     

河南省召开生物实验经验交流会

1986年9月22日—26日,河南省在西平县召开了生物实验经验交流会。代表们参观了西平县三所乡级的生物实验室建设,听取了加强实验室建设的经验。西平县领导对实验课很重视,在全县进行了实验室普查,成立了县、乡两级实验室建设领导机构。一方面拨出     

第八届中国生态旅游发展论坛预备通知

一、主题发展水利生态旅游,推进生态文明建设二、议题1、中国全面推动生态旅游战略2、生态旅游与生态文明3、水利与生态旅游4、水利风景区建设与管理5、湿地水环境保护与资源利用三、时间2011年11月25日-28日     

经济建设发展日生态立法正是时

经济建设发展日生态立法正是时张社尧时代在前进，生态学在发展，走可持续发展之路，经济建设发展日，生态立法正是时。这是１９９５年１１月在珠海市召开的全国生态学术会议的重要论点之一。党的十四届五中全会通过的“九五”计划和“２０１０年规划”的建议，共有４０条...     

致力于提升农作物的“素质”的科研基地——记作物遗传与种质创新国家重点实验室

2001年10月25日,对南农人来说,是一个难以忘却的日子。这一天科技部正式批准南京农业大学建设“作物遗传与种质创新国家重点实验室”（以下简称实验室）,这是江苏省唯一的农业领域国家重点实验室,也是该省建设的第三个国家重点实验室。该实验室以南京农业大学国家级重点学科——作物遗传育种学科、园艺科学与应用学科为依托．经过近10年建设．实验室和重点学科齐头并进、成绩斐然。在植物遗传资源学、     

2019中国国际实验室规划、建设与管理大会暨展览即将举办

<正>由亚洲重要的实验室行业盛会analytica China倾力打造的"2019中国国际实验室规划、建设与管理大会暨展览"将于2019年11月6日～8日在上海举办。大会将围绕现代科研实验建筑的设计与规划、智慧实验室建设与发展、实验室安全与管理等热门主题进行探讨和交流,深入打造实验室全生态系统,从而推动中国实验室领域的规划、建设、管理与服务的整体水平提升。     

落实科学发展观，建设生态文明广东——记广东省生态学会“七大”暨建设生态文明报告会

"落实科学发展观,建设生态文明广东",这是广东省人大常委会副主任陈小川在出席2008年12月5日在广州召开的广东省生态学会"七大"暨建设生态文明报告会时的题词。陈小川说,广东省生态学会成立已有28年,学会对建设生态文明广东做     

Anthropology and genetics of the caucasus peoples and the problem of the origin of the caucasoids

The electrophoretical polymorphisms of some blood proteins were studied in the Talysh population of Pirasora situated in South-East Azerbaidjan. We calculated the gene frequencies of these polymorphisms and determined the genetic distances between the Talyshes and some Iranian populations of North, Central and South Iran, Afghans, and three populations of Azerbaijan. The Talyshes are very close to Iranians of Shiraz, whereas they are distant from the Azerbaijanians. Anthropological investigations showed that the Caucasoids and Mongoloids lived in the Aragvi Basin since the Eneolithic period. This was stated by Alexeev (1974), who emphasized the mixture of the Caucasus populations from ancient times on. We calculated the genetic distances between the Caucasus populations and numerous populations of other geographic regions, considering 28 alleles of 12 loci of blood group, serum protein and red cell enzyme polymorphisms and constructed the dendrogram of these populations. The position of the Caucasus populations in the dendrogram corresponds on principle to the earlier anthropological observations. The clustering of the Caucasoid populations corresponds completely with anthropological and historical data, and supports our earlier hypothesis (Nazarova 1999) concerning the differentiation of Caucasoids, Northern Mongoloids and Amerinds from the populations, which inhabitated Asia in palaeolithic times.     

On the structure and dynamics of the complex of the nucleosome and the linker histone

Several different models of the linker histone (LH)–nucleosome complex have been proposed, but none of them has unambiguously revealed the position and binding sites of the LH on the nucleosome. Using Brownian dynamics-based docking together with normal mode analysis of the nucleosome to account for the flexibility of two flanking 10 bp long linker DNAs (L-DNA), we identified binding modes of the H5-LH globular domain (GH5) to the nucleosome. For a wide range of nucleosomal conformations with the L-DNA ends less than 65 Å apart, one dominant binding mode was identified for GH5 and found to be consistent with fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) experiments. GH5 binds asymmetrically with respect to the nucleosomal dyad axis, fitting between the nucleosomal DNA and one of the L-DNAs. For greater distances between L-DNA ends, docking of GH5 to the L-DNA that is more restrained and less open becomes favored. These results suggest a selection mechanism by which GH5 preferentially binds one of the L-DNAs and thereby affects DNA dynamics and accessibility and contributes to formation of a particular chromatin fiber structure. The two binding modes identified would, respectively, favor a tight zigzag chromatin structure or a loose solenoid chromatin fiber.     

Kinematics and dynamics of the temporomandibular joint and of the movements of the mandible

In order to analyze the complicated movements of the mandible as the open-closing movement and the protrusio are, it is useful to evaluate the basic kinematic principles and reduce them to simple technical constructions. Both the open-closing movement and the protrusio could be reduced to 4-bar links, which were used to simulate the movements with help of a computer. Besides, the polodes and the curves of points in the muscular attachments could be constructed. The 2 entirely different 4-bar links have 3 things in common: The resting system - cranium, the moving system - mandibula, and 1 of the 2 arms connecting these 2 systems - the ligamentum laterale. As this ligament is taut during movements it can be considered a "guiding ligament" representing 1 of the 3 determining components of the mandibular movements. The other of the 2 arms has no anatomical equivalent; this arm, however, is "replaced" by the 2 other determining components of the mandibular movements: the joint and the muscles. The curves, which the Caput mandibulae describes, are practically identical for the open-closing movement and the protrusio despite of the different 4-bar links and these curves exactly correspond to the Discus articularis, taut by the upper part of the M. pterygoideus lateralis. The muscles do not only just move the mandibula, but they are also the component, which can choose between the different mandibular movements. By means of the curves, which points in the muscular attachments describe, the function of the masticatory muscles could be analyzed exactly.     

Serology and systematics of the Ebenales and the Theales

The systematic position ofthe Ebenaceae, Sapotaceae, Styracaceae, Ochnaceae, Stachyuraceae, Dipterocarpaceae, Clusiaceae and Hypericaceae has been investigated using serological comparisons of sets of antigenic determinants. The results show that the Sytracaceae and Sapotaceae are undoubtedly more closely associated with the Actinidiaeceae and Theaceae, respectively, than with each other. We found no corresponding determinants betnween antigen systems from the Ebenaceae and systems from any other family whose relations to this family have been proposed. As discovered previously, investigations of antigen systems from the Ochnaceae, Dipterocarpaceae, Stachyuraceae, Clusiaceae and Hypericaceae are against the idea of a natural order “Theales” in which these families, or at least some of them, are combined with the Theaceae and Actinidiaceae. This paper completes our previous investigations which largely support a superorder Ericanae sensu Ehrendorfer and Takhtajan. We propose to include the Actinidiaceae and Theaceae in this superorder, assigning them a central position laong with the Sapotaceae and Sytracaeae on one side and the Primulales and Ericales on the other. Another most interesting finding is that there are corresponding determinants between antigen systems from the members of the Ericanae and representatives of the Polemoniaceae and Loasaceae.     

Biophysics and Structure of the Patch and the Gigaseal

Interpreting channel behavior in patches requires an understanding of patch structure and dynamics, especially in studies of mechanosensitive channels. High resolution optical studies show that patch formation occurs via blebbing that disrupts normal membrane structure and redistributes in situ components including ion channels. There is a 1-2 μm region of the seal below the patch where proteins are excluded and this may consist of extracted lipids that form the gigaseal. Patch domes often have complex geometries with inhomogeneous stresses due to the membrane-glass adhesion energy (E_a), cytoskeletal forces, and possible lipid subdomains. The resting tension in the patch dome ranges from 1-4 mN/m, a significant fraction of the lytic tension of a bilayer (∼10 mN/m). Thus, all patch experiments are conducted under substantial, and uneven, resting tension that may alter the kinetics of many channels. E_a seems dominated by van der Waals attraction overlaid with a normally repulsive Coulombic force. High ionic strength pipette saline increased E_a and, surprisingly, increased cytoskeletal rigidity in cell-attached patches. Low pH pipette saline also increased E_a and reduced the seal selectivity for cations, presumably by neutralizing the membrane surface charge. The seal is a negatively charged, cation selective, space with a resistance of ∼7 gigohm/μm in 100 mM KCl, and the high resistivity of the space may result from the presence of high viscosity glycoproteins. Patches creep up the pipette over time with voltage independent and voltage dependent components. Voltage-independent creep is expected from the capillary attraction of E_a and the flow of fresh lipids from the cell. Voltage-dependent creep seems to arise from electroosmosis in the seal. Neutralization of negative charges on the seal membrane with low pH decreased the creep rate and reversed the direction of creep at positive pipette potentials.     

人类基因组及后基因组研究进展及其应用与开发研究现状

人类对自身基因组的研究,随着人类基因组工作草图的绘制完成和对基因功能研究的深入已加快进入了实质性、关键性的开发利用阶段。本文概述了人类基因组及后基因组的研究进展及依此开展基因治疗及基因（组）药物研制等应用开发研究的现状。     

Comparison of the Effects of Flexion and Extension of the Thumb and Fingers on the Position and Cross-Sectional Area of the Median Nerve

Objective

To assess the separate effects of thumb and finger extension/flexion on median nerve position and cross-sectional area.

Methods

Ultrasonography was used to assess median nerve transverse position and cross-sectional area within the carpal tunnel at rest and its movement during volitional flexion of the individual digits of the hand. Both wrists of 165 normal subjects (11 men, 4 women, mean age, 28.6, range, 22 to 38) were studied.

Results

Thumb flexion resulted in transverse movement of the median nerve in radial direction (1.2±0.6 mm), whereas flexion of the fingers produced transverse movement in ulnar direction, which was most pronounced during flexion of the index and middle fingers (3.2±0.9 and 3.1±1.0 mm, respectively). Lesser but still statistically significant movements were noted with flexion of the ring finger (2.0±0.8 mm) and little finger (1.2±0.5 mm). Flexion of the thumb or individual fingers did not change median nerve cross-sectional area (8.5±1.1 mm²).

Conclusions

Volitional flexion of the thumb and individual fingers, particularly the index and middle fingers, produced significant transverse movement of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel but did not alter the cross-sectional area of the nerve. The importance of these findings on the understanding of the pathogenesis of the carpal tunnel syndrome and its treatment remains to be investigated.     

On the Microanatomy of the Brain and the Innervation and Homologues of the Cephalic Appendages of Hesionidae and Syllidae (Polychaeta)

Abstract Earlier papers dealing with the anatomy of the hesionids and syllids were studied. Thereby it was found that information about the structure of the central nervous system was meagre. As a result, the anterior end appendages, especially the large, laterloventral ones of the Syllidae, have been differently interpreted. This prompted a re-investigation. The circum-oesophageal connectives, the brain commissures and the innervation of the alimentary canal and the cephalic appendages of a number of hesionid and syllid species were studied. The results, summarized in schematic diagrams, were compared with corresponding observations in other polychaete families. Among other things, it was concluded that not only the latero-ventral cephalic appendages of the hesionids but also those of the syllids are homologous with the palps of the nereids and of many other “errant” and “sedentary” families.