De la « théorie sexuelle » à l’anthropopsychiatrie

The creation of scientific psychiatry, which was modelled after the medical classification of diseases, was brought into question by the tenets of Sigmund Freud’s theory of psychoanalysis. We draw on Leopold Szondi’s method of developing an analytically inspired psychiatry in our effort to interpret Freud’s work from an anthropological perspective, removing psychiatry from the naturalistic medical model and giving it a genuinely human bearing. Szondi’s drive system ranges from the analysis of constitution (as in the animal biomedical model) to the analysis of destiny (as in Schicksalsanalyse). Within this system, the human is considered a driven being, existing in a psychological dimension from the outset, outside animal, sexual instincts. This distinction between mankind and animals accounts for the specificities of mental disorders and illnesses and paves the way to a purely anthropological psychiatry we can call cultural psychiatry. In this kind of psychiatry, any pathology is considered inherent in the destiny of a human being, a part of a person’s development. Its analysis, called pathoanalysis, deals with the human suffering at the heart of mankind’s place in the world.     

De la gonorrhée à la blennorragie: Les grandes étapes historiques

This paper examines the history of gonorrhoea and its treatment. It is very probably a very ancient disease that was confused with syphilis for centuries.     

Le genisteto-carlinetum macrocephalae ass. nov. De l'étage montagnard et le ligusticetum corsici ass. nov. De l'étage subalpin des massifs du cinto et du campotile orientale

Sans résuméJe tiens à remercier M. le Dr. J. Braun-Blanquet de la généreuse hospitalité qu'il m'a offerte à la S.I.G.M.A. et des précieux conseils qu'il m'a dispensés pour la définition de ces associations. C'est la raison pour laquelle il m'a paru nécessaire de l'associer à l'une des Associations originales que j'ai décrites.Je suis également reconnaissant à mes amis M. et G. Roux d'avoir permis le traitement de mes données floristiques par l'analyse factorielle des correspondances.     

Étude De Quelques Acides Humiques Sur Gel De Dextrane

Résumé Les acides humiques extraits de 3 sols différents sont étudiés par chromatographie sur colonnes de gel de dextrane Sephadex, successivement sur G 25 F, G 75, G 200.Dans les conditions de l'expérience, on a mis en évidence l'existence de volumes moléculaires privilégiés, et on a pu apprécier les poids moléculaires correspondant à certains d'entre eux.De plus, on n'observe pas de différence qualitative entre les fractions des divers échantillons, mais seulement des variations quantitatives quant à l'importance de ces fractions.     

Observations Préliminaires Sur Les Pali#x000E9;oenvironnements De L'ilerdien De Coustouge (Corbières,France)

The classic section of Ilerdian at Coustouge (Corbières, France) is analysed at an sedimentological and paleoecological angle. This study shows the deltaic character of sedimentation. The authors describe the distribution of faunas in prodelta, deltafront, beach ridges, tidal flats, bays, distributary channels and brackish marshes environments.     

Images of the natural (and social) universe in Rétif De La Bretonne’s La découverte australe

As many cultural historians of the sciences have recently indicated, eighteenth-century illustrations of natural historical works represent an important source that can be used to explore the ways in which nature and the study of nature were regarded in the period. Naturalistic illustrations, however, are not the only genre of images that may help the historian in this investigation. Another interesting source is represented by images of nature and natural objects connected with fictional literature. Yet, little attention has been devoted so far to this genre of images. In this paper I analyse some of the engravings which illustrate Rétif de la Bretonne’s imaginary voyage La Découverte australe par un homme volant (1781). My aim is to show that these illustrations convey a well-defined image of the natural universe, and that their analysis may contribute to our understanding of the various significances and roles attached to Nature in the period—particularly bringing to the fore its moral and political uses. Further, by analysing the ways in which they connect and integrate a variety of artistic and discursive traditions related to fiction, travel, and natural history, I hope to suggest some of the ways in which this genre of images may be used to shed light on the eighteenth-century interplay between spheres of knowledge later assigned to such distinct disciplines as ‘science’, ‘literature’, or ‘art’.     

Contribution À L'Étude De Quelques Bryoassociations De L'Étage Subalpin Dans Le Sud-Est De La France

Resume Dans le présent travail, l'auteur effectue une étude bryosociologique de la strate muscinale des rochers et des marécages de l'étage subalpin dans le Sud-Est de la France. Il envisage en particulier les blocs siliceux ombragés occupés par le Grimmietum elatioris (avecGrimmia elatior Bruch,Orthotrichum rupestre Schleich,Grimmia funalis (Schwaegr.) Schimp.,G. doniana Sm.,Dicranum sauteri Schimp.) ainsi que les parois suintantes de gneiss (Blindio-Amphoridietum) colonisées parBlindia acuta (Huds) B.e.,Amphoridium mougeotti B.e.,Fissidens osmundoides Hedw.,Saccobasis polita (Nees) Bruch,Gymnostomum rupestre Schleich. Les rochers calcaires en exposition froide portent, sur le pourtour de l'Argentera-Mercantour l'association àEncalypta streptocarpa Hedw. etPlagiopus oederi (Schwaegr.) Schimp. (Encalypto-Plagiopetum) très largement répandue dans les Alpes du Sud, alors qu'au voisinage des cascades appara?t une formation tufogène montagnarde àHymenostylium recurvirostre (Hedw.) Dix etSouthbya nigrella (De Not) Spruce. Les tourbières àSphagnum acutifolium Warnst,S. teres Angst,S. platyphyllum Warnst,S. recurvum P.B.,Aulacomnium palustre (Hedw.) Schwaegr. etMeesea triquetra (Hedw.) Angst. semblent inféodées, dans les régions étudiées, au vieux massif cristallin (Lac Nègre, Boréon, Vallée des Merveilles) où elles se rencontrent à partir de 1900 mètres d'altitude. Enfin, les marécages sur calcaire ou sur flysch portent des peuplements à base deBryum pallens Sw.Philonotis fontana (Hedw.) Schwaegr.,Cratoneurum commutatum (Hedw.) Roth. avec par endroitsMeesea uliginosa Hedw. etAmblyodon dealbatus (Dicks) P.B.

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Summary In this work, the author carries out a bryosociological study concerning the vegetation on rocks and bogs in the subalpine district of the high mountains of southern France. He considers particularly the siliceous blocks covered with carpets ofGrimmia elatior Bruch,Orthotrichum rupestre Schleich,Grimmia funalis (Schwaegr.) Schimp.,G. doniana Sm.,Dicranum sauteri Schimp. (Grimmietum elatioris) and the oozing gneiss-walls (Blindio-Amphoridietum) colonized byBlindia acuta (Huds) B.e.,Amphoridium mougeotti B.e.,Fissidens osmumdoides Hedw.,Saccobasis polita (Nees) Bruch., andGymnostomum rupestre Schleich. On calcareous rocks, in cold places, surrounding the Argentera-Mercantour, he found an association withEncalypta streptocarpa Hedw. andPlagiopus oederi (Schwaegr.) Schimp., (Encalypto-Plagiopetum) which is very common in the southern alps, and near waterfalls occurs a travertinic mountain-formation withHymenostylium recurvirostre (Hedw.) Dix andSouthbya nigrella (De Not) Spruce. The peat-bogs containingSphagnum acutifolium Warnst.,S. teres Angst,S. platyphyllum Warnst.,S. recurvum P.B.,Aulacomnium palustre (Hedw.) Schwaegr. andMeesea triquetra (Hedw.) Angst. seem to be particular to the old crystalline chain where we found them at an altitude of 1900 meters. Finally, calcareous or flysch-bogs present a cryptogamic vegetation withBryum pallens Sew.,Philonotis fontana (Hedw.) Schwaegr.,Cratoneurum commutatum (Hedw.) Roth. and the rareMeesea uliginosa Hedw. andAmblyodon dealbatus (Dicks) P.B.

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Zusammenfassung In dieser Arbeit, führt der Verfasser ein bryosoziologisches Studien der Felsen und der Moore in der subalpinen Stufe Süd-Ost Frankreichs aus. Er beschreibt namentlich die Silikatbl?cke, die im Schatten der W?lder von dem Grimmietum elatioris (mitGrimmia elatior Bruch.,Orthotrichum rupestre Schleich.,Grimmia funalis (Schwaegr.) Schimp.,G. doniana Sm.,Dicranum sauteri Schimp.) bedeckt sind, und die feuchten Gneissw?nde (Blindio-Amphoridietum), die vonBlindia acuta (Huds.) B.e.,Amphoridium mougeotti B.e.,Fissidens osmundoides Hedw.,Saccobasis polita (Nees) Bruch.,Gymnostomum rupestre Schleich kolonisiert werden. Auf den kalkhaltigen Bl?cken, in der N?he des Argentera-Mercantour traf er eine Moosgesellschaft mitEncalypta streptocarpa Hedw. undPlagiopus oederi (Schwaegr.) Schimp. (Encalypto-Plagiopetum), die in den Süd-Alpen sehr h?ufig ist. An den Quellen und Wasserf?llen erscheint eine tufogene Bildung der montanen Stufe mitHymenostylium recurvirostre (Hedw.) Dix undSouthbya nigrella (De Not) Spruce. In unserer Gegend, sind die Torfmoore mitSphagnum acutifolium Warnst.,S. teres Angst,S. platyphyllum Warnst,S. recurvum P.B.,Aulacomnium palustre (Hedw.) Schwaegr., undMeesea triquetra (Hedw.) Angst. dem alten kristallartigen Gebirgsstock eng belehnt, wo wir sie immer ab 1900 meter gefunden haben. Endlich, tragen die Kalk oder Flysch-Sümpfe eine besondere Kryptogamenvegetation mitBryum pallens Sw.,Philonotis fontana (Hedw.) Schwaegr.,Cratoneurum commutatum (Hedw.) Roth. und manchmal die seltenenMeesea uliginosa Hedw. undAmblyodon dealbatus (Dicks) P.B.

     

De l’origine des anthropoïdes à l’émergence de la famille humaine

The human lineage has a very ancient origin, as most of the mammals. Its oldest representatives, anthropoid primates, have been described from Asia some 45 million years ago. During this long evolutionary story, two critical stages have appeared as especially important, their beginning in Asia and the emergence of hominids in Africa, some seven million years ago. These two stages are discussed hereby with new data relative to their Asian origins and their dispersal into Africa between 45 and 40 million years ago. Following this dispersal event, these primates evolved in Africa and gave rise to the early hominids. These appeared around seven million years ago and have three distinct representatives. Among them, Toumaï appears as the oldest and the closest to our ancestry, a point that is evidenced here.     

De la physiopathologie des calcifications vasculaires aux nouveaux marqueurs biologiques chez l’insuffisant rénal chronique

Vascular calcifications constitute an important risk factor for mortality in chronic kidney disease patients. A better knowledge of physiopathologic phenomena responsible for vascular mineralization leads to emerging biological markers of vascular calcifications. In calcified arteries, presence of bone matrix as well as osteoblast cells suggest that vascular calcification is an active and highly regulated process. In uremic environment, vascular smooth muscle cells can transdifferentiate into osteoblast-like cells. The OPG–RANK–RANKL system is clearly of central significance in controlling vascular calcifications as in bone metabolism. Converging results suggest that circulating OPG determination should be a relevant marker of calcifications. Impairment in inhibitory system such as Matrix Gla Protein and fetuin-A promotes bone matrix calcification. Finally, FGF-23, an early and sensitive marker of bone and mineral disorders in chronic kidney disease patients, appears as a promising marker.