共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Durban MA Silbersack J Schweder T Schauer F Bornscheuer UT 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》2007,74(3):634-639
Twenty-two Bacillus cereus strains were screened for phospholipase C (PLC, EC 3.1.4.3) activity using p-nitrophenyl phosphorylcholine as a substrate. Two strains (B. cereus SBUG 318 and SBUG 516) showed high activity at elevated temperatures (>70°C) at acidic pH (pH 3.5–6) and were selected for
cloning and functional expression using Bacillus subtilis. The genes were amplified from B. cereus DNA using primers based on a known PLC sequence and cloned into the expression vector pMSE3 followed by transformation into
B. subtilis WB800. On the amino acid level, one protein (PLC318) was identical to a PLC described from B. cereus, whereas PLC516 contained an amino acid substitution (E173D). PLC production using the recombinant strains was performed
by an acetoin-controlled expression system. For PLC516, 13.7 U g−1 wet cell weight was determined in the culture supernatant after 30 h cultivation time. Three purification steps resulted
in pure PLC516 with a specific activity of 13,190 U mg−1 protein. 相似文献
2.
Douwe Hoornstra Maria A. Andersson Vera V. Teplova Raimo Mikkola Liisa M. Uotila Leif C. Andersson Merja Roivainen Carl G. Gahmberg Mirja S. Salkinoja-Salonen 《Applied and environmental microbiology》2013,79(12):3534-3543
Bacillus cereus, aseptically isolated from potato tubers, were screened for cereulide production and for toxicity on human and other mammalian cells. The cereulide-producing isolates grew slowly, the colonies remained small (∼1 mm), tested negative for starch hydrolysis, and varied in productivity from 1 to 100 ng of cereulide mg (wet weight)−1 (∼0.01 to 1 ng per 105 CFU). By DNA-fingerprint analysis, the isolates matched B. cereus F5881/94, connected to human food-borne illness, but were distinct from cereulide-producing endophytes of spruce tree (Picea abies). Exposure to cell extracts (1 to 10 μg of bacterial biomass ml−1) and to purified cereulide (0.4 to 7 ng ml−1) from the potato isolates caused mitochondrial depolarization (loss of ΔΨm) in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and keratinocytes (HaCaT), porcine spermatozoa and kidney tubular epithelial cells (PK-15), murine fibroblasts (L-929), and pancreatic insulin-producing cells (MIN-6). Cereulide (10 to 20 ng ml−1) exposed pancreatic islets (MIN-6) disintegrated into small pyknotic cells, followed by necrotic death. Necrotic death in other test cells was observed only after a 2-log-higher exposure. Exposure to 30 to 60 ng of cereulide ml−1 induced K+ translocation in intact, live PBMC, keratinocytes, and sperm cells within seconds of exposure, depleting 2 to 10% of the cellular K+ stores within 10 min. The ability of cereulide to transfer K+ ions across biological membranes may benefit the producer bacterium in K+-deficient environments such as extracellular spaces inside plant tissue but is a pathogenic trait when in contact with mammalian cells. 相似文献
3.
Sabrina Jenull Tobias Bauer Katja Silbermayr Maximilian Dreer Timo D. Stark Monika Ehling-Schulz 《Environmental microbiology》2023,25(11):2231-2249
Most microbes share their environmental niches with very different forms of life thereby engaging in specialised relationships to enable their persistence. The bacterium Bacillus cereus occurs ubiquitously in the environment with certain strain backgrounds causing foodborne and opportunistic infections in humans. The emetic lineage of B. cereus is capable of producing the toxin cereulide, which evokes emetic illnesses. Although food products favouring the accumulation of cereulide are known, the ecological role of cereulide and the environmental niche of emetic B. cereus remain elusive. To better understand the ecology of cereulide-producing B. cereus, we systematically assayed the toxicological spectrum of cereulide on a variety of organisms belonging to different kingdoms. As cereulide is a potassium ionophore, we further tested the effect of environmental potassium levels on the action of cereulide. We found that adverse effects of cereulide exposure are species-specific, which can be exacerbated with increased environmental potassium. Additionally, we demonstrate that cereulide is produced within an insect cadaver indicating its potential ecological function for a saprophytic lifestyle. Collectively, distinct cereulide susceptibilities of other organisms may reflect its role in enabling competitive niche specialization of emetic B . cereus. 相似文献
4.
Carvalho RS Gomes LH Gonzaga do P Filho L Tavares FC 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》2008,77(5):1131-1137
Saccharomyces cerevisiae hexokinase-less strains were produced to study the production of ethanol and fructose from sucrose. These strains do not
have the hexokinases A and B. Twenty-three double-mutant strains were produced, and then, three were selected for presenting
a smaller growth in yeast extract–peptone–fructose. In fermentations with a medium containing sucrose (180.3 g L−1) and with cell recycles, simulating industrial conditions, the capacity of these mutant yeasts in inverting sucrose and fermenting
only glucose was well characterized. Besides that, we could also see their great tolerance to the stresses of fermentative
recycles, where fructose production (until 90 g L−1) and ethanol production (until 42.3 g L−1) occurred in cycles of 12 h, in which hexokinase-less yeasts performed high growth (51.2% of wet biomass) and viability rates
(77% of viable cells) after nine consecutive cycles. 相似文献
5.
Ganka Chaneva Sevdalina Furnadzhieva Kaledona Minkova Jaromir Lukavsky 《Journal of applied phycology》2007,19(5):537-544
The effect of light intensity (50–300 μmol photons m−2 s−1) and temperature (15–50°C) on chlorophyll a, carotenoid and phycobiliprotein content in Arthronema africanum biomass was studied. Maximum growth rate was measured at 300 μmol photons m−2 s−1 and 36°C after 96 h of cultivation. The chlorophyll a content increased along with the increase in light intensity and temperature and reached 2.4% of dry weight at 150 μmol photons
m−2 s−1 and 36°C, but it decreased at higher temperatures. The level of carotenoids did not change significantly under temperature
changes at illumination of 50 and 100 μmol photons m−2 s−1. Carotenoids were about 1% of the dry weight at higher light intensities: 150 and 300 μmol photons m−2 s−1. Arthronema africanum contained C-phycocyanin and allophycocyanin but no phycoerythrin. The total phycobiliprotein content was extremely high,
more than 30% of the dry algal biomass, thus the cyanobacterium could be deemed an alternative producer of C-phycocyanin.
A highest total of phycobiliproteins was reached at light intensity of 150 μmol photons m−2 s−1 and temperature of 36°C, C-phycocyanin and allophycocyanin amounting, respectively, to 23% and 12% of the dry algal biomass.
Extremely low (<15°C) and high temperatures (>47°C) decreased phycobiliprotein content regardless of light intensity. 相似文献
6.
Two oligosaccharides, a heptasaccharide (HS) and an octasaccharide (OS), isolated from Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis, stimulated the growth and saponin accumulation of Panax ginseng hairy roots at 5–30 mg l−1. HS and OS at 30 mg l−1, fed separately to hairy root cultures at 10 days post-inoculation, increased the root biomass dry weight by more than 70%
to ∼20 g l−1 from 13 g l−1 and the total saponin content of roots by more than 1-fold to ∼3.5% from 1.6% (w/w). The results suggest that the two oligosaccharides
may have plant growth-regulatory activity in plant tissue cultures. 相似文献
7.
Primary production of phytoplankton and secondary production of a daphnid and a chaoborid were studied in a small eutrophic
pond. The gross primary production of phytoplankton was 290 gC m−2 per 9 months during April–December. Regression analysis showed that the gross primary production was related to the incident
solar radiation and the chlorophylla concentration and not to either total phosphorus or total inorganic nitrogen concentration. The mean chlorophylla concentration (14.2 mg m−3), however, was about half the expected value upon phosphorus loading of this pond. The mean zooplankton biomass was 1.60
g dry weight m−2, of whichDaphnia rosea and cyclopoid copepods amounted to 0.69 g dry weight m−2 and 0.61 g dry weight m−2, respectively. The production ofD. rosea was high during May–July and October and the level for the whole 9 months was 22.6 g dry weight m−2.Chaoborus flavicans produced 10 complete and one incomplete cohorts per year. Two consecutive cohorts overlapped during the growing season. The
maximum density, the mean biomass, and the production were 19,100 m−2, 0.81 g dry weight m−2, and 11.7 g dry weight m−2yr−1, respectively. As no fish was present in this pond, the emerging biomass amounted to 69% of larval production. The production
ofC. flavicans larvae was high in comparison with zooplankton production during August–September, when the larvae possibly fed not only
on zooplankton but also algae. 相似文献
8.
The relationship between nutrient composition, crop biomass, and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) isoenzyme pattern was investigated
in soybean (Glycine max) and maize (Zea mays) by monitoring the nutrient induced isomerization of the enzyme from the seedling stage to the mature crop. GDH was extracted
from the leaves of the plants, and the isoenzymes were fractionated by isoelectric focusing followed by native polyacrylamide
gel electrophoresis. The isomerization Vmax values for soybean GDH, similar to maize GDH increased curvilinearly from 200 – 400 μmol mg−1 min−1 as the inorganic phosphate nutrient applied to the soil decreased from 50 − 0 mM. In soybean, combinations of N and K, P,
or S nutrients induced the acidic and neutral isoenzymes, and gave biomass increases 25 – 50 % higher than the control plant.
GDH isoenzymes were suppressed in soybean that received nutrients without N, K, or P and accordingly the biomass was about
30 % lower than the control. Treatment of maize with NPK nutrients increased the GDH Vmax values from 138.9 at the vegetative to 256.4 μmol mg−1 min−1 at the reproductive phase, and suppressed the basic isoenzymes, but induced both the acidic and neutral isoenzymes thereby
inducing seed production (27.0 ± 1.4 g per plant); whereas both the acidic and basic isoenzymes were suppressed in the control
maize, and seeds did not develop. Simultaneous induction of the acidic, neutral, and basic isoenzymes of GDH indicated the
occurrence of senescence. Therefore in maize and soybean, the induction of the acidic and basic isoenzymes of GDH led to the
enhancement of biomass.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
9.
Dellomonaco C Amaretti A Zanoni S Pompei A Matteuzzi D Rossi M 《Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology》2007,34(1):27-34
This work sought to develop a fermentative process for the microbial production of superoxide dismutase (SOD), to overcome extraction from animal tissues. Twenty-eight wild-type yeast strains were screened for SOD productivity. Kluyveromyces marxianus L3 showed the highest SOD activity (62 U mg−1) and was used for process development. Oxidative stress conditions and parameters affecting oxygen transfer rate were exploited to improve production. The effects of dilution rate (0.067 vs 0.2 h−1), aeration pressure (0.3 vs 1.2 bar) and H2O2 (0 vs 50 mM) were studied during chemostat experiments. Low dilution rate, high pressure and H2O2 resulted in an increase in CuZn–SOD up to 475 U mg−1. When a regulation of oxygen saturation was applied during batch cultures, CuZn–SOD was progressively higher at 60, 80 and 90% dissolved oxygen tension (DOT) (250, 330 and 630 U mg−1, respectively). Furthermore, the highest growth rate and biomass yield were achieved at 90% DOT, this being therefore the best DOT condition for high overall productivity. Growth and productivity on different carbon sources were compared. Specific activity was higher on glycerol than on lactose or glucose (496, 454 and 341 U mg−1, respectively). The highest biomass yield was achieved on lactose. It may be therefore the best substrate for SOD production. 相似文献
10.
Fungal biomass in the decaying cones ofPinus densiflora was investigated. Leaching, immobilization and mobilization phases were recognized in the decomposition process of cones.
Fungal biomass was estimated by the agar-film technique, using a conversion factor of 0.62 mg dry wt. mm−3 of hyphal volume to biomass and a factor of 2.5 for in-efficiencency of homogenization. The fungal biomass was 4.9±2.1 (mean±S.D.)
mg dry wt. g−1 dry matter in the cones on the tree, 11±6 mg g−1 in the leaching phase, 19±7 mg g−1 in the immobilization phase and 30±15 mg g−1 in the mobilization phase. It significantly increased after cones had lain on the forest floor, and also in the immobilization
phase. The latter result suggests that the fungal biomass contributed to the immobilization of nitrogen in the decomposition
process. The ratio of ergosterol content to fungal biomass in the cones was 2.9–8.8 μg mg−1 dry wt., lying in the range of 2–16 μg mg−1 reported for mycelia. This suggested that the estimate of fungal biomass was reasonable. Reduction in this ratio with the
dry weight loss in the cones suggested that the proportion of relatively active fungal biomass decreased with the progress
of decomposition. 相似文献
11.
Chitwadee Phithakrotchanakoon Ratama Daduang Arinthip Thamchaipenet Thidarat Wangkam Toemsak Srikhirin Lily Eurwilaichitr Verawat Champreda 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》2009,82(1):131-140
A polyhydroxyalkanote depolymerase gene from Thermobifida sp. isolate BCC23166 was cloned and expressed as a C-terminal His6-tagged fusion in Pichia pastoris. Primary structure analysis revealed that the enzyme PhaZ-Th is a member of a proposed new subgroup of SCL-PHA depolymerase
containing a proline–serine repeat linker. PhaZ-Th was expressed as two glycosylated forms with apparent molecular weights
of 61 and 70 kDa, respectively. The enzyme showed esterase activity toward p-nitrophenyl alkanotes with V
max and K
m of 3.63 ± 0.16 μmol min−1 mg−1 and 0.79 ± 0.12 mM, respectively, on p-nitrophenyl butyrate with optimal activity at 50–55°C and pH 7–8. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis demonstrated that
PhaZ-Th catalyzed the degradation of poly-[(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate] (PHB) films, which was accelerated in (R)-3-hydroxyvalerate copolymers with a maximum degradation rate of 882 ng cm−2 h−1 for poly[(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate] (12 mol% V). Surface deterioration, especially on the amorphous regions of PHB films
was observed after exposure to PhaZ-Th by atomic force microscopy. The use of P. pastoris as an alternative recombinant system for bioplastic degrading enzymes in secreted form and a sensitive SPR analytical technique
will be of utility for further study of bioplastic degradation. 相似文献
12.
Mitochondria isolated from the roots of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings were capable of oxidizing external NADH and NADPH anaerobically in the presence of nitrite. The reaction was
linked to ATP synthesis and nitric oxide (NO) was a measurable product. The rates of NADH and NADPH oxidation were in the
range of 12–16 nmol min−1 mg−1 protein for both species. The anaerobic ATP synthesis rate was 7–9 nmol min−1 mg−1 protein for barley and 15–17 nmol min−1 mg−1 protein for rice. The rates are of the same order of magnitude as glycolytic ATP production during anoxia and about 3–5%
of the aerobic mitochondrial ATP synthesis rate. NADH/NADPH oxidation and ATP synthesis were sensitive to the mitochondrial
inhibitors myxothiazol, oligomycin, diphenyleneiodonium and insensitive to rotenone and antimycin A. The uncoupler FCCP completely
eliminated ATP production. Succinate was also capable of driving ATP synthesis. We conclude that plant mitochondria, under
anaerobic conditions, have a capacity to use nitrite as an electron acceptor to oxidize cytosolic NADH/NADPH and generate
ATP. 相似文献
13.
Biomass, carbonate standing stock and production of the mediterranean coralCladocora caespitosa (L.) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Summary The Mediterranean coralCladocora caespitosa often occurs in large beds, i.e. populations of hemispherical clonies with stock densities varying between 1.9 and 4 coloneis
·m−2. Laboratory measurements of volume, skeleton weight, surface and number of corallites per colony, coupled with mean annual
growth rates evaluated through sclerochronology, allowed for the estimation of biomass, skeleton bulk density, calcimass (carbonate
standing stock) and secondary production (both organic and inorganic) of twoC. caespitosa beds at 4 and 9 m depth. The mean colony biomass varied between 0.73 and 0.99 kg dw ·m−2, corresponding to a calcimass between 2 and 5 kg CaCO3·m−2. Organic secondary production was 215.5–305.4 g dw of polyps ·m−2·y−1, while the potential (mineral) production was 1.1–1.7 kg CaCO3·m−2·y−1, for the year 1996–1997.
These values show thatC. caespitosa is one of the major carbonate producers within the Mediterranean and one of the major epibenthic species originating stable
carbonate frameworks both in recent and past times. 相似文献
14.
Production of biomass and phycocyanin (PC) were investigated in highly pigmented variants of the unicellular rhodophyte Galdieria sulphuraria, which maintained high specific pigment concentrations when grown heterotrophically in darkness. The parental culture, G. sulphuraria 074G was grown on solidified growth media, and intensely coloured colonies were isolated and grown in high-cell-density fed-batch
and continuous-flow cultures. These cultures contained 80–110 g L−1 biomass and 1.4–2.9 g L−1 PC. The volumetric PC production rates were 0.5–0.9 g L−1 day−1. The PC production rates were 11–21 times higher than previously reported for heterotrophic G. sulphuraria 074G grown on glucose and 20–287 times higher than found in phototrophic cultures of Spirulina platensis, the organism presently used for commercial production of PC. 相似文献
15.
The combined effect of temperature, food level and the presence of an invertebrate predator on the body size of the rotifer
Brachionus havanaensis were tested in this study. B. havanaensis was cultured at 15, 20, and 25°C under three different Chlorella vulgaris levels (0.5 × 106, 1.0 × 106 and 2.0 × 106 cells ml−1) in the presence and in the absence of Asplanchna girodi. For each treatment we maintained three replicates and constant (0.4 ind ml−1) population density of B. havanaensis. In treatments containing A. girodi, the predator was separated from the prey by a mesh (pore size 50 μm). On the last day of the experiment, a portion of the
B. havanaensis population was sampled for several morphometric measurements (adult lorica length, width, posterior spine length, body volume,
and the egg volume). Size measurements were done by drawing the specimens using a calibrated camera lucida. Statistically
significant impact of temperature as well as the predator’s presence was observed on the lorica length, posterior spine, and
egg volume of B. havanaensis. The interactions of food × temperature, or predator′s presence × food × temperature were non-significant (P > 0.05) for lorica length, spine length, body volume, and egg volume. Regardless of the type of treatment, there was a direct
positive correlation between lorica length and width. Egg volume was linearly related to the adult size. Notably long posterior
spines were observed in treatments containing the presence of A. girodi.
Guest editors: S. S. S. Sarma, R. D. Gulati, R. L. Wallace, S. Nandini, H. J. Dumont & R. Rico-Martínez.
Advances in Rotifer Research 相似文献
16.
J. Vijaya Kumar B. D. Ranjitha Kumari G. Sujatha Enrique Castaño 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2008,93(1):85-96
The present study describes a system for efficient plant regeneration via organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis of safflower
(Carthamus
tinctorius L.) cv. NARI-6 in fungal culture filtrates (FCF)-treated cultures. FCF was prepared by culturing Alternaria carthami fungal mycelia in selection medium for host-specific toxin production. Cotyledon explants cultured on callus induction medium
with different levels of FCF (10–50%) produced embryogenic callus. In organogenesis, 42.2% microshoots formed directly from
embryogenic callus tissues in plant regeneration medium with 40% FCF. Isolated embryogenic callus cultured on embryo induction
medium containing 40% FCF induced 50.2% somatic embryogenesis. Embryo germination percentage was decreased from 64.5 to 28
in embryo maturation medium containing 40% FCF. However, nine plantlets from organogenesis and 24 plantlets from somatic embryogenesis
were selected as FCF-tolerant. Alternaria carthami fungal spores (5 × 105 spores/ml) sprayed on the leaves of FCF-tolerant plants showed enhanced survival rate over control plants, which plants were
more susceptible to fungal attack. The number of leaf spot lesions per leaf was decreased from 3.4 to 0.9 and their lesion
length was also reduced from 2.9 to 0.7 mm in organogenic derived FCF-tolerant plants over control. In somatic embryo derived
FCF-tolerant plants, the number of lesions was decreased from 3.1 to 0.4 and the lesion size was also reduced to 2.7–0.5 mm
when compared to the control. This study also examined antioxidant enzyme activity in FCF-tolerant plants. Catalase (CAT)
activity was slightly decreased whereas peroxidase (POD) activity was increased to a maximum of 42% (0.19 μmol min−1 mg−1 protein) from organogenesis and 47% (0.23 μmol min−1 mg−1 protein) from embryogenesis in FCF-tolerant plants. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was also increased to 17% (149 U
mg−1 protein) and 19.5% (145 U mg−1 protein) in FCF-tolerant plants derived from organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis when compared with control plants. 相似文献
17.
Marta Illyová 《Biologia》2006,61(5):531-539
The species composition, seasonal dynamic of biomass and density of zooplankton were studied in two arms with a different
hydrological regime. The samples were collected in two hydrologically different years — extremely wet in 2002 and extremely
dry in 2003. In the first arm the mean annual chlorophyll-a concentration was 31.6 μg L−1 (2002) and relatively high 64.7 μg L−1 during 2003. Mean seasonal zooplankton wet biomass was low and varied: 11.6 g m−3 (2002) and 2.93 g m−3 (2003). Total zooplankton density was high (7,370 N L−1) in 2002, when rotifers predominated in an open water zone and contributed up to 81% of the total zooplankton biomass and
83% of the total zooplankton density. In medial and littoral zone, in total, 22 cladoceran and 15 copepod species were identified.
In the second arm the mean annual concentration of chlorophyll-a was high: 74.8 μg L−1 (2002) and 61.4 μg L−1 (2003). Mean seasonal zooplankton wet biomass varied from 92.5 g m−3 (2002) and 44.10 g m−3 (2003). In 2002 the planktonic crustaceans predominated; their mean biomass was 87.1 g m−3 and B. longirostris formed more than 91% of this value. In 2003, the zooplankton density was high (15,687 N L−1), when rotifers contributed up to 94% of this value. The boom of rotifers (58,740 N L−1) was recorded in June 2003. In total, 45 cladoceran and 14 copepod species were recorded in the medial and littoral zones.
During observation we concluded that the structure of zooplankton, particularly species composition, abundance, biomass and
seasonal dynamics are affected by the fluctuation of water levels in the arms of the rivers’ inundation areas. This unstable
hydrological regime prevented the development of planktonic crustaceans. 相似文献
18.
M. Piontek 《Mycotoxin Research》2007,23(1):34-38
In biomasses from 22 moulds isolated in housing buildings a Chromatographie HPLC UV/VIS analysis was carried out to assess
the production of sterigmatocystin by fungal isolates. The results are discussed with respect to mycotoxic risk for people
exposed to the presence ofAspergillus versicolor. This fungus is often present on building materials, but does not always produce the carcinogenic mycotoxin sterigmatocystin
(ST). In this study, 19 (86%) of the 22 strains synthesized ST at detectable levels (>0.03 mg kg−1 biomass). Three of the strains (14%) were found to synthesize ST at levels exceeding 100 mg kg−1 of the air-dry mould biomass with laboratory medium. One strain proved to be highly productive and synthesized more than
500 mg kg−1 ST. Thus, it presented the highest mycotoxic danger for the dwellers of the buildings whereA. versicolor infested the walls. However, most strains are low producers of ST, with 12 of 22 isolates synthesizing less than 10 mg kg−1 biomass. Mycotoxigenic and highly productive strains that produced significant amounts of ST (>500 mg kg−1 biomass) were less frequently found, with approximately 5% of all isolates from buildings studied for ST production.
Presented at the 28th Mykotoxin-Workshop, Bydgoszcz, Poland, May 29–31, 2006 相似文献
19.
Artemisinin production by hairy roots of Artemisia annua L. was increased 6-fold to 1.8 μg mg−1 dry wt over 6 days by adding 150 mg chitosan l−1. The increase was dose-dependent. Similar treatment of hairy roots with methyl jasmonate (0.2 mM) or yeast extract (2 mg ml−1) increased artemisinin production to 1.5 and 0.9 μg mg−1 dry wt, respectively. 相似文献
20.
Biosynthesis of six saponins (ginsenosides) in suspension culture of P. quinquefolium Z5 was investigated. Ginsenoside content in biomass reached the highest level, nearly 30 mg g−1 d.w., between 25 and 30 days of the culture. Saponins were synthesized simultaneously with cell growth but their synthesis
rate was not proportional to the growth rate. During the phase of rapid biomass multiplication, after which biomass reached
90% of its maximum yield, only half examined ginsenosides was produced. The second half of the final saponins yield was produced
during the slow growth phase, in which only 10% of biomass was grown. During the intensive growth phase the productivity of
six saponins examined per biomass (dry weight) unit was 3.4 μg mg−1 d.w. day−1, however, this parameter calculated for slow growth phase reached nearly 30 μg mg−1 d.w. day−1. There were differences in increase of the contents of six saponins determined in biomass, and it was the highest for saponins
Re (20(S)-protopanaxatriol-6-[O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl(1 → 2)-β-d-glucopyranoside]-20-O-β-d-glucopyranoside) and Rg1 (20(S)-protopanaxatriol-6,20-di-O-β-d-glucoside). 相似文献