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1.
以樱桃番茄(Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.var.cerasiforme Alef.)品种‘大红樱桃番茄’为材料,采用水培试验研究了外源施加0、50、100、150和200mmol·L-1硝酸盐(NO3-)对樱桃番茄幼苗生长和生理生化指标的影响。结果表明:硝酸盐处理6d后,番茄幼苗株高、鲜重、干重和相对含水量随着处理浓度的增加呈下降的趋势,而根冠比呈先增加后下降的趋势;番茄幼苗根系硫代巴比妥酸反应物(TBARS)、活性氧(ROS)、H2O2和蛋白羰基(PC)的含量均随着处理浓度的增加而增加;番茄幼苗根系SOD、POD、CAT和APX活性和基因表达均随着处理浓度的增加而降低,而其根系脯氨酸、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白的含量随着处理浓度的增加而增加。研究发现,樱桃番茄幼苗生长在硝酸盐浓度为50mmol·L-1时受到影响不大,但硝酸盐浓度达到100mmol·L-1时已对番茄生长产生显著胁迫,导致膜脂氧化损伤,降低抗氧化酶(SOD、POD、CAT和APX)活性,但番茄也能够通过调节渗透调节剂的合成代谢来抵御硝酸盐胁迫,从而表现出一定的硝酸盐耐受性。 相似文献
2.
对感病和抗病品系3、6、9叶苗龄番茄幼苗人工接种晚疫病菌T1小种,结果表明,感病品系随着苗龄的增加,对晚疫病的感病程度有所减轻,其中6叶期较3叶期、9叶期较6叶期幼苗的病级指数分别降低了28.8%和3.9%,但差异不显著;9叶期较3叶期降低了31.0%,差异达显著水平。抗病品系的6叶期和9叶期较3叶期幼苗病级指数均降低了50%左右,差异达极显著水平;6叶期和9叶期幼苗抗性基本相同。 相似文献
3.
以‘新陆早33号'(冷敏感)和‘中棉所50号’(高耐寒)棉花品种为材料,采用人工模拟低温方法,研究不同温度和时间处理下棉花幼苗叶片抗氧化酶活性和渗透调节物质含量的响应特征,探讨不同温度胁迫下棉花的抗逆机制.结果显示:(1)随胁迫温度降低、胁迫时间延长,两参试棉花品种幼苗遭受低温伤害的程度逐渐加剧,尤以5℃和0℃处理表现最为明显.(2)经15℃及10℃处理后,植株叶片REC、POD活性、SP和Pro含量总体上随胁迫时间延长而提高,MDA含量、APX活性和SS含量则先升后降,并均于处理24 h时达峰值;而在5℃及0℃处理下,REC和SOD、POD活性以及MDA、SS、SP含量迅速上升,APX活性、Pro含量则呈先升后降的变化趋势.(3)与‘新陆早33号,相比,‘中棉所50号’在各处理水平下均可保持更大的抗氧化酶活性和渗透调节物质含量上升幅度.研究表明,在不同程度低温逆境中,棉花幼苗可通过调节抗氧化酶活性和渗透调节物质含量,启动相应抗逆调节方式来维持代谢平衡,增强抗逆性;高耐寒性品种在低温逆境中具有更灵敏、高效的活性氧清除能力和渗透调节响应机制,从而有效抵御低温逆境伤害. 相似文献
4.
残留地膜对番茄幼苗形态和生理特性的影响 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
采用盆栽试验的方法,研究了土壤中残留地膜对番茄(Lycopersicon esculentum L.)幼苗形态及生理特性的影响.结果表明,残留地膜使番茄幼苗的株高、茎粗、地上部和根系鲜重、根系活力及叶片氮代谢水平等降低;而且根系的IBA含量降低和ABA含量增加,抑制了根系的生长.同时地膜残留量越大,抑制的效果越显著.这... 相似文献
5.
该研究以荻(Miscanthus sacchariflorus)幼苗为材料,模拟中国东北大庆盐碱地的低、中、高浓度盐碱土壤环境,考察不同盐碱处理浓度及其不同处理时间(0~25d)对荻幼苗各项生理指标的影响,以界定荻幼苗的复合盐碱耐受范围,为荻类能源植物的耐盐碱性筛选和在园林中的应用提供理论依据。结果表明:(1)随着复合盐碱胁迫时间的延长和胁迫程度加剧,荻幼苗叶绿素含量不断降低,根活力在低、中浓度处理下随时间不断升高,而在高浓度处理时先降低后上升再降低;同时,幼苗相对电导率和MDA含量则不断升高。(2)随着复合盐碱胁迫时间延长,荻幼苗SOD、POD、CAT、APX、GR活性和ASA、GSH含量一般在低浓度处理时缓慢升高,而高浓度处理时则呈先升高后降低的趋势。研究发现,荻幼苗能够通过调节自身保护酶系统活性和抗氧化物积累,清除体内过多活性氧和自由基,保护细胞结构,有效抵御外界低、中浓度的复合盐碱胁迫,但其对高浓度的复合盐碱胁迫基本没有抵抗能力。 相似文献
6.
S3307浸种对番茄幼苗生长和一些生理指标的影响 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
以不同浓度S3307浸种后,番茄幼苗株高降低,茎粗度增加,根冠比值、叶绿素、光合速率、可溶性糖、脯氨酸、Vc含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性均提高,丙二醛(MDA)含量和外渗电导率降低。说明S3307有助于培育壮苗,并提高番茄幼苗的抗逆性。5mg·L~(-1) S3307浸种的效果明显。 相似文献
7.
以不同种源1年生乌桕幼苗为材料,采用盆栽控水试验研究了持续干旱条件下其外部形态及主要生理指标的变化,探讨各种源乌桕的抗旱性特性与差异。结果显示:(1)随着干旱持续时间的延长,各种源乌桕幼苗生长均受到不同程度抑制,外形表现出明显的缺水特征;其叶片相对含水量逐渐减小,复水后明显回升。(2)在极度干旱条件下(停水后第12天),幼苗叶片净光合作用速率仍维持一定的强度,而且细胞膜透性的变化不显著;在干旱胁迫条件下,幼苗叶片的过氧化物酶和超氧化物歧化酶活性增强,可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白质质量分数增加,丙二醛含量上升,脯氨酸积累,复水后呈现相反的变化趋势。(3)极度干旱条件下,不同种源乌桕幼苗间除丙二醛和相对电导率外,其它生理指标的变化差异显著或极显著,即不同种源具备比较稳定的抗旱性差异。(4)采用隶属函数法对不同种源幼苗的抗旱性分析发现,安徽黄山、河南商城两种源综合评价指数最大,为抗旱性较强的种源。研究表明,各种源乌桕幼苗能够通过调控自身保护酶活性和渗透调节物质含量来有效缓解干旱胁迫的伤害,从而表现出较强的抗旱性和适应性,但种源间存在稳定的差异,并以安徽黄山和河南商城种源抗旱性较强,可应用推广于季节性干旱区造林。 相似文献
8.
干旱缺水已成为植物光合作用和生长发育主要的限制因素,在干旱胁迫下,作物的生长发育受到影响,依据作物的形态变化进行浇灌属于延后性灌溉,未必能完全补偿对作物生长造成的影响。确定灌溉时间点,既确保植物正常生长不受影响,也可以提高水分利用效率,减少水资源浪费,从而达到节水灌溉的目的。该研究以温室土槽栽培番茄幼苗为材料,设定土壤含水量为30.00%(对照)、21.00%、18.00%、15.00%、12.00%、9.00%,研究了干旱胁迫对番茄叶片光合特性、抗氧化酶(超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶)、碳酸酐酶活性变化的影响,并以此表征番茄幼苗需水信息。结果表明:随着干旱胁迫程度的增加,叶片水势逐渐降低。超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶及过氧化氢酶等抗氧化酶在番茄幼苗耐受水分胁迫中起到重要的作用;超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶在干旱胁迫条件下反应更迅速,但过氧化氢酶相对于超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶对干旱胁迫的耐受能力更强;干旱胁迫条件下抗氧化酶活性的转折点在15.00%土壤含水量左右;水分胁迫条件下碳酸酐酶参与了对光合作用的调节,并在15.00%土壤含水量时活性升至最高,使得番茄仍能维持较高的光合速率,以维持正常的生理机能;随着干旱胁迫程度的加剧(12.00%土壤含水量),碳酸酐酶活性与净光合速率都迅速下降。综上分析,当土壤含水量低于15.00%并高于12.00%时,对作物进行灌溉最为合适。抗氧化酶及碳酸酐酶活性可为作物最佳灌溉时间点的预测提供科学依据。 相似文献
9.
黄瓜幼苗对氯化钠和碳酸氢钠胁迫的生理响应差异 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
采用营养液培养方法,分别用不同浓度(0、25、50和75 mmol·L-1)的NaCl和NaHCO3对黄瓜幼苗进行胁迫处理,研究黄瓜幼苗对NaCl和NaHCO3胁迫的生理响应差异.结果表明:随着胁迫强度的增加,黄瓜植株地上部和地下部生长量、叶片叶绿素含量和相对含水量均呈明显下降趋势,但NaHCO3处理下降幅度大于NaCl处理.随着处理浓度的增加,黄瓜地上部Na+含量显著上升,K+含量显著下降,在相同的Na+浓度下,NaHCO3处理比NaCl处理下降幅度更大,具有更低的K+/Na+.与NaCl处理相比,NaHCO3处理的黄瓜叶片电解质渗漏率、丙二醛、脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量增加幅度更大.NaCl和NaHCO3处理使黄瓜叶片超氧化物歧化酶、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶和脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶活性受到显著诱导,而使过氧化物酶活性受到明显抑制. 相似文献
10.
以药用植物膜荚黄芪(Astragalus membranaceus(Fisch.)Bge.)及其变种蒙古黄芪(Astragalus membranaceus Bge.var.mongholicus Hsiao)幼苗为材料,在水培条件下研究了两种黄芪幼苗在不同程度缺硫条件下的生物量积累、光合参数、次生代谢产物积累等的变化规律。结果显示:与供应Hoagland全营养液相比,低硫和无硫供应处理均显著抑制了两种黄芪幼苗根系和地上部的伸长生长以及生物量的累积,并且引起了植株叶片失绿变黄、根系褐变等一系列缺硫症状。此外,缺硫还导致了两种黄芪幼苗叶片叶绿素含量降低以及光合参数下降、全株各部位细胞膜脂过氧化程度增加。相对膜荚黄芪而言,不同程度缺硫对蒙古黄芪生长发育的影响较小。进一步研究发现,在低硫或无硫条件下,膜荚黄芪植株各部位总酚含量出现了明显下降,而蒙古黄芪根系和叶片总酚含量却因缺硫处理而显著升高。同时我们还发现,硫营养缺乏诱导了蒙古黄芪叶片非光化学能量耗散的升高以及植株各部位主要异黄酮物质的大量积累。我们推断,营养液中硫元素供应的减少引起了黄芪幼苗硫营养不良,影响了植株叶绿素合成,降低了植株的光合能力,并同时引起了全株的氧化胁迫,最终使得黄芪幼苗生长发育受到抑制;蒙古黄芪在缺硫胁迫下提高了光保护能力,合成了较多的异黄酮类物质,有效缓解了缺硫胁迫对其生长的影响,从而在面对缺硫胁迫时比膜荚黄芪表现出了更强的耐性。 相似文献
11.
Some fungal endophytes from vegetable crops and their anti-oomycete activities against tomato late blight 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Kim HY Choi GJ Lee HB Lee SW Lim HK Jang KS Son SW Lee SO Cho KY Sung ND Kim JC 《Letters in applied microbiology》2007,44(3):332-337
AIMS: To isolate endophytic fungi from vegetable plants and examine their in vivo anti-oomycete activity against Phytophthora infestans in tomato plants. METHODS AND RESULTS: Endophytic fungi were isolated from surface-sterilized plant tissues and anti-oomycete activity was measured by in vivo assay using tomato seedlings. Endophytic fungi showing potent anti-oomycete activity were identified by morphological characteristics and nuclear ribosomal ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 sequence analysis. A total of 152 isolates were obtained from 66 healthy tissue samples of cucumber, red pepper, tomato, pumpkin and Chinese cabbage and the fermentation broths of 23 isolates showed potent in vivo anti-oomycete activity against tomato late blight with control values over 90%. The Fusarium oxysporum strain EF119, which was isolated from roots of red pepper, showed the most potent disease control efficacy against tomato late blight. In dual-culture tests, it inhibited the growth of Pythium ultimum, P. infestans and Phytophthora capsici. CONCLUSIONS: Among endophytic fungi isolated from healthy tissues of vegetable plants, F. oxysporum EF119 showed the most potent in vivo anti-oomycete activity against tomato late blight and in vitro anti-oomycete activity against several oomycete pathogens. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Endophytic fungi showing anti-oomycete activity in vitro and in vivo may be used as biocontrol agents particularly of tomato late blight. 相似文献
12.
描述了马铃薯晚疫病菌卵孢子萌发的方式并研究了菌株组合、卵孢子形成时间、在琼脂培养基上培养时间及光照对卵孢子萌发的影响,结果表明不同菌株组合卵孢子萌发率为0—7.2%,对峙培养20天后形成的卵孢子的萌发率最高达8.7%,在琼脂培养基上培养25-30d 萌发率最高达11.4%,卵孢子形成时黑暗及在琼脂培养基上萌发时光照萌发率最高达11.8%。 相似文献
13.
R. A. M. Wattier L. L. Gathercole S. J. Assinder C. J. Gliddon K. L. Deahl D. S. Shaw D. I. Mills 《Molecular ecology resources》2003,3(1):136-138
The potato late‐blight disease is caused by the pseudofungus Phytophthora infestans (Oomycetes). This pathogen was of historical importance as it caused the Irish Potato Famine. There is currently a worldwide resurgence of the disease. Following worldwide migrations as well as being able to discriminate P. infestans from related species are key issues. We present sequence variation of five inter‐genic mitochondrial DNA spacers (mtDNA‐IGS) for P. infestans and four related taxa. Intra and inter‐taxon variation was observed showing potential for both molecular ecology and molecular systematic. 相似文献
14.
O.M. Olanya C.W. Honeycutt B. Tschöepe B. Kleinhenz D.H. Lambert S.B. Johnson 《Archives Of Phytopathology And Plant Protection》2013,46(13):1558-1569
Accurate prediction of Phytophthora infestans outbreak in a cropping season is crucial for the effective management of late blight on potato. The SIMBLIGHT1, SIMPHYT1 and modified SIMPHYT1 models were assessed for predicting late blight outbreaks relative to NOBLIGHT model by using climatic and crop data from field experiments at Presque Isle, ME, from 2004 to 2009. The dynamics of late blight infection pressures were computed by SIMPHYT3 model to assess the conduciveness of environmental conditions for late blight infection and potential for disease development. Infection pressure indicated conditions were moderately conducive for late blight development but varied across years. The SIMPHYT1 model recommended fungicide applications to commence on 11 July, 21 July, 8 July, 10 July, 7 July and 7 July for 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 and 2009, respectively. The modified SIMPHYT1 model (US-version) recommended similar fungicide application dates for the same years with the exception of 2007. Model simulations of disease outbreak differed from actual recorded observations in untreated plots by 24–65 days. Simulation of SIMBLIGHT1 based on high and low soil moisture conditions in the field resulted in vast differences in dates of first fungicide application. Validation of the models (differences in the number of days between recommendation of fungicide treatment and late blight outbreak) indicated a better goodness of fit for the models (intervals of 6–20 days from the start of fungicide application to first disease outbreak). The NOBLIGHT model was accurate in forecasting the timing of first fungicide applications for late blight control. Significant improvements in late blight predictions could result if these models were modified to account for external sources of inoculum, by combining weather-based forecasts with spore traps, disease detection methods or complimentary systems. 相似文献
15.
Phytophthora infestans isolates from Northern China show high virulence diversity but low genotypic diversity 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
J. Guo T. van der Lee D. Y. Qu Y. Q. Yao X. F. Gong D. L. Liang K. Y. Xie X. W. Wang & F. Govers 《Plant biology (Stuttgart, Germany)》2009,11(1):57-67
Phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of 48 Phytophthora infestans isolates , collected in five provinces in Northern China between 1997 and 2003, were determined and compared with reference isolates. Characterisation included mating type, virulence, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplotype and DNA fingerprinting patterns based on simple sequence repeats (SSR) and amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP). All isolates had the A1 mating type, mtDNA haplotype IIa and an identical SSR genotype (designated as SG-01-01) that differed from SSR genotypes found in the reference isolates, including those representing the 'old' US-1 lineage that dominated the P. infestans population worldwide prior to 1980. In contrast, the virulence spectra were highly variable and virulence to all resistance genes present in the standard differential set ( R1 to R11 ) was found. AFLP analysis revealed some diversity; eight different AFLP genotypes were found that could be grouped into two major clusters. This study shows that there is very little genotypic diversity in the P. infestans population in Northern China. The occurrence of many different races within this rather uniform population is discussed in the framework of recent insights into the molecular determinants of avirulence in potato– P. infestans 'gene-for-gene' interactions. 相似文献
16.
Cultural control measures against tomato late blight (Phytophthora infestans) were evaluated in six field experiments over 3 years in Uganda. Each experiment included sanitation (removal of diseased plant tissues), fungicide (mancozeb) application, and an untreated control, as standard treatments. Late blight incidence and severity were greatly reduced by sanitation, without reducing the number of healthy leaves; however, tomato growth and production were adversely affected. Fungicide treated plants retained the highest numbers of flowers and attached fruits and gave the highest yields. Three cultural practices were evaluated in repeated experiments for their effectiveness in alleviating the adverse effects of sanitation. Tomatoes grown within plastic shelters early in the production cycle were taller, and had more healthy leaves than those grown late. The numbers of diseased leaves and disease severity were equally low in sanitation alone and plastic shelter/with sanitation treatments. Flower and fruit production were significantly higher when tomatoes were grown under early shelters with sanitation than with sanitation alone. Planting density was increased without significant effects on late blight and tomato growth and production. Intercropping tomato with soybean (Glycine max) or sesame (Sesamum indicum), with sanitation, limited late blight development, but taller intercrops suppressed tomato growth and production. Integrated treatments (combining plastic shelters, a sesame intercrop and high tomato planting density) were evaluated, with and without sanitation, against the fungicide mancozeb. The mean numbers of healthy leaves in the integrated treatments were not significantly less than with fungicide treatment. Late blight incidence and severity were higher in the integrated plots without than with sanitation. The numbers of flowers and attached fruits were not significantly less in integrated treatments than in fungicide treated plots, but tomato yield was highest with fungicide treatment. 相似文献
17.
由致病疫霉Phytophthora infestans引起的晚疫病是马铃薯生产上最严重的病害之一,认识其群体结构特征,可为晚疫病防控策略的制定以及抗病品种的合理布局提供指导。对2009年采自宁夏一个种植有93个品种(品系)的马铃薯种质资源圃的致病疫霉进行了交配型、致病型和线粒体DNA单倍型分析,结果表明,116个致病疫霉菌株中存在A1、A2和自育型3种交配型,发生频率分别为24.1%、57.8%和18.1%,A2交配型为优势类型;对其中43个菌株的致病型进行测试,检测到两种致病类型:1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11和3.4.10,发生频率分别为95.3%和4.7%,可克服所有11个抗病基因的1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11类型占绝对优势;对62个菌株的线粒体DNA单倍型进行分析,检测到Ia和IIa两种类型,发生频率分别为74.2%和25.8%。综合表型和基因型数据分析发现,该马铃薯种质资源圃中致病疫霉群体致病型单一,但致病型毒力因子高度复合;线粒体DNA分析表明,该马铃薯种质资源圃引入了遗传背景较为复杂的致病疫霉\"新\"群体。 相似文献
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T. Borza R.D. Peters Y. Wu A. Schofield J. Rand Z. Ganga K.I. Al‐Mughrabi R.H. Coffin G. Wang‐Pruski 《The Annals of applied biology》2017,170(1):127-139
Foliar and postharvest applications of phosphite (Phi)‐based fungicides are used to control the oomycete Phytophthora infestans which is responsible for the occurrence of late blight in potatoes. Optimisation of the usage of Phi‐based fungicides for disease control during the growing season and in subsequent storage can lead to improved potato production and processing quality. In order to assess the efficiency of Phi translocation to tubers, following foliar and postharvest treatments of potato crops with the Phi‐based fungicides, the amount of Phi in tubers was determined by a high‐performance ion chromatography method. The quantity of Phi found in tubers increased with the total amount of Phi‐based fungicides applied during the growing season. Foliar applications of Phi resulted in an uneven distribution of Phi in the three tuber regions analysed, with high concentrations being identified in the tuber cortex (32.5–166.4 µg g?1 fresh tissue) and medulla regions followed by the skin area. Postharvest treatment of tubers led to a different distribution of Phi, with the highest concentrations of Phi found in the skin (411.0–876.6 µg g?1 fresh tissue) followed by the cortex and medulla regions. As foliar treatments are essential to protect the aerial parts of the plants during the growth season, the best disease management practices of tubers should include the postharvest treatment in addition to foliar applications. The use of both types of treatments ensures that concentrations of Phi in excess of 100 µg g?1 fresh tissue are present in tuber skin and cortex areas; such concentrations are needed to suppress the growth of P. infestans on tubers during storage. 相似文献
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van der Vossen EA Gros J Sikkema A Muskens M Wouters D Wolters P Pereira A Allefs S 《The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology》2005,44(2):208-222
The necessity to develop potato and tomato crops that possess durable resistance against the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora infestans is increasing as more virulent, crop-specialized and pesticide resistant strains of the pathogen are rapidly emerging. Here, we describe the positional cloning of the Solanum bulbocastanum-derived Rpi-blb2 gene, which even when present in a potato background confers broad-spectrum late blight resistance. The Rpi-blb2 locus was initially mapped in several tetraploid backcross populations, derived from highly resistant complex interspecific hybrids designated ABPT (an acronym of the four Solanum species involved:S. acaule, S. bulbocastanum, S. phureja and S. tuberosum), to the same region on chromosome 6 as the Mi-1 gene from tomato, which confers resistance to nematodes, aphids and white flies. Due to suppression of recombination in the tetraploid material, fine mapping was carried out in a diploid intraspecific S. bulbocastanum F1 population. Bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) libraries, generated from a diploid ABPT-derived clone and from the resistant S. bulbocastanum parent clone, were screened with markers linked to resistance in order to generate a physical map of the Rpi-blb2 locus. Molecular analyses of both ABPT- and S. bulbocastanum-derived BAC clones spanning the Rpi-blb2 locus showed it to harbor at least 15 Mi-1 gene homologs (MiGHs). Of these, five were genetically determined to be candidates for Rpi-blb2. Complementation analyses showed that one ABPT- and one S. bulbocastanum-derived MiGH were able to complement the susceptible phenotype in both S. tuberosum and tomato. Sequence analyses of both genes showed them to be identical. The Rpi-blb2 protein shares 82% sequence identity to the Mi-1 protein. Significant expansion of the Rpi-blb2 locus compared to the Mi-1 locus indicates that intrachromosomal recombination or unequal crossing over has played an important role in the evolution of the Rpi-blb2 locus. The contrasting evolutionary dynamics of the Rpi-blb2/Mi-1 loci in the two related genomes may reflect the opposite evolutionary potentials of the interacting pathogens. 相似文献