潍坊市健康人群麻疹、风疹、流行性腮腺炎抗体水平调查

目的了解潍坊市健康人群麻疹、风疹、流行性腮腺炎血清抗体水平,为消除麻疹、控制风疹及腮腺炎疫情提供依据。方法 2011年8月,采集昌乐、潍城2个县区<2、2～5、5～8、8～11、11～15、15～20、20～40、>40岁健康人群血标本,应用酶联免疫吸附试验检测麻疹、风疹、腮腺炎IgG抗体。结果检测总数320人,其中昌乐县健康人群的麻疹抗体阳性率为98.75%、潍城为96.25%;风疹抗体阳性率昌乐县健康人群为89.38%、潍城区为91.88%。昌乐、潍城两地区健康人群麻疹、风疹的抗体阳性率差异均无统计学意义(χ2=1.15、0.59,P>0.05);昌乐县健康人群腮腺炎抗体阳性率为84.38%、潍城区健康人群为66.25%,两者差异有统计学意义(χ2=14.14,P<0.01);8组不同年龄健康人群的麻疹抗体阳性率为92.50%～100%,风疹抗体阳性率为87.50%～92.50%,腮腺炎抗体阳性率为67.50%～85.00%,各年龄组间均无统计学意义(χ2=13.49、1.58、5.23,P>0.05)。结论潍坊市麻疹抗体阳性率较高,风疹、腮腺炎抗体阳性率相对偏低,今后须要积极开展学龄儿童麻腮风三联疫苗的查漏补种工作。     

长沙市2014年健康人群麻疹抗体水平分析

目的了解长沙市健康人群麻疹血清抗体水平,为制定免疫策略提供依据。方法按照整群分层随机抽样的原则,在长沙市所辖区、县按年龄分层随机抽取调查对象。采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测麻疹Ig G抗体;数据采用SPSS 13.0处理,用描述性流行病学方法进行分析。结果共采样调查275人,麻疹抗体阳性率为96.7%。不同性别麻疹抗体阳性率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。<1岁组的麻疹Ig G抗体阳性率偏低,为77.4%;3~、5~、10~及≥15岁组的阳性率均为100.0%;1~岁组和7~岁组次之,分别为98.2%和97.3%。有麻疹类疫苗免疫史人群的麻疹抗体阳性率高于无麻疹类疫苗免疫史人群,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论长沙市健康人群麻疹血清抗体阳性率较高,基本形成了预防麻疹的免疫屏障。     

中山市2011年健康儿童脊髓灰质炎、麻疹和乙型肝炎抗体水平监测

目的了解中山市1~14岁健康儿童脊髓灰质炎(脊灰)病毒、麻疹病毒和乙型肝炎(乙肝)病毒抗体水平状况,为维持无脊灰、消除麻疹和控制乙肝提供依据。方法采用多阶段整群抽样方法,随机选择220名1~14岁健康儿童抽取静脉血,采用ELISA法检测麻疹病毒抗体Ig G、乙肝病毒表面抗原和抗体;用中和试验检测脊灰(Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ)型病毒中和抗体。结果脊灰、麻疹和乙肝病毒抗体阳性率分别为91.36%、93.18%和66.36%,脊灰病毒Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型和麻疹病毒抗体几何平均滴度(GMT)分别为1∶215.90、1∶119.05、1∶31.40和1∶1 254.45;乙肝病毒表面抗原阳性率为1.36%。结论中山市1~14岁健康儿童对脊灰病毒具有较高的免疫水平,已形成对脊灰病毒有效的免疫屏障;乙肝得到有效控制;但麻疹未能形成有效的免疫屏障。     

陕西省育龄期妇女风疹抗体水平调查

2006年在陕西省铜川、延安、宝鸡、渭南四市随机抽取20~40岁育龄期妇女共172人进行风疹IgG(RV-IgG)抗体水平调查,总阳性率87.2%,其中20~24岁组阳性率最高(95.6%),随着年龄的增长,阳性率和抗体几何平均浓度(GMC)有下降的趋势;不同居住地育龄妇女风疹抗体水平无显著性差异。这次调查反映了陕西省育龄期妇女风疹抗体水平的基本状况,为今后制定有效的免疫预防策略提供了依据。     

德州市孕期妇女麻疹抗体水平调查分析

目的了解孕期妇女麻疹抗体水平,为麻疹免疫策略提供依据。方法2005-2006年,在德州市随机抽取部分地区20-38岁孕期妇女进行血清麻疹IgG抗体检测。结果检测702人,麻疹IgG抗体阳性率为84．33％,保护率为37．75％,抗体几何平均滴度（GMT）为1：176．81。不同地区麻疹抗体阳性率和GMT的差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.01）;GMT呈现随年龄增长而增加的趋势（P〈0．05）。结论德州市孕期妇女麻疹IgG抗体水平较低。     

青海省2008年15岁以下儿童麻疹抗体水平调查分析

对青海省1～14岁健康儿童麻疹抗体水平进行了调查,抽样分析并评价其预防接种质量.在全省六州一地一市各选择1个县,对1～14岁健康儿童进行抗体检测.结果显示,麻疹疫苗抗体阳性(≥1∶200)率为89.90%,保护率(≥1∶800)为81.91%,几何平均滴度GMT为1∶1551.76.不同性别、民族及年龄间麻疹抗体阳性率和GMT无显著的统计学意义.麻疹疫苗抗体阳性率除化隆县为79.41%外,其它各地均在85%以上,不同地区麻疹抗体阳性率仍有差别,保护率距消灭麻疹尚有较大差距,还应进一步提高疫苗接种率.     

2012年广州市越秀区疑似麻疹风疹病例血清学检测结果分析

目的:对2012年广州市越秀区疑似麻疹风疹的血清学结果进行整理分析,以了解麻疹风疹病例的流行特点。方法:选取2012年1月-2012年12月的166例疑似麻疹风疹患者的血清作为研究对象,统计血清中IgM阳性抗体的检出情况,以及各年龄段、月份IgM抗体阳性的例数及构成比。结果:麻疹风疹疑似病例中有36.1%的患者检测出IgM抗体阳性,其中麻疹IgM阳性以0-1岁婴幼儿的检出率较高,可达44.4%。从月份来看,12月、8月和5月是麻疹的好发时期。风疹IgM阳性以20岁以上中老年患者检出率最高,为75.0%,7月、4月和5月是风疹的易感季节。结论:疑似麻疹风疹病例有较高的IgM抗体阳性检出率,0-1岁婴幼儿和20岁以上中老年人是麻疹风疹的易感人群,4-5、7-8和12月是发病的高峰时期,临床应注意加强防范。     

中国不同人群麻疹抗体水平分析

本研究对中国不同人群麻疹抗体水平进行分析,为我国在临近麻疹消除阶段的预防控制工作提供指导和借鉴。通过多种检索途径获得中国麻疹抗体阳性水平相关文献,采用Stata 16.0等软件对效应量指标进行meta分析、χ2和非参数检验。共纳入498篇文献,时间跨度为1989-2020年。meta分析随机效应模型计算总的抗体阳性率为88.36%(95%CI:87.84%～88.88%),>85%;抗体保护率为63.30%(95%CI:60.35%～66.24%);抗体几何平均浓度（Geometric mean concentration,GMC）中位数为912.83mIU/mL,>800mIU/mL保护水平。2000-2019年间,我国不同年代麻疹抗体阳性率均在85%以上,无显著性差异;抗体保护率从68.29%(95%CI:55.84%～80.73%)下降到44.26%(95%CI:38.26%～50.25%)。除<1岁组外,各年龄组抗体阳性率均在85%以上,但随着年龄增长人群保护率呈下降趋势;<1岁组GMC(470.75mIU/mL)最低,20～34岁人群在693.69～7...     

正阳县2007年麻疹流行情况分析

分析正阳县2007年麻疹的流行病学特点,为有效的控制麻疹发病提供依据。按卫生部《全国麻疹检测方案(试行)》规定的诊断标准进行诊断,并采用描述流行病学方法进行研究。2007年1月份发现麻疹病人51例,2月份302例,3月份20例,4月份1例,5月份7例,6月份3例,分别占总病例的13.25%、78.44%、5.19%、0.26%、1.82%、0.78%。0-7月龄婴儿发病人数为52人,占所有发病人数的13.51%;大于20岁的人群中共发病59例,其中男30例,女29例,发病人数较多。提示搞好基础免疫提高人群免疫力仍是当前的主要任务,特别是对育龄妇女的疫苗接种,一方面可以降低成人感染麻疹的机会,另一方面也可以降低0-7月龄婴儿的发病率。     

2018年中国麻疹风疹疑似病例的实验室检测和监测

2018年中国麻疹发病达到历史最低,多个省份已经达到<1/100万临近消除状态。为评估在麻疹低发病情况下,中国麻疹风疹实验室网络(Measles/rubella laboratory network,MRLN)检测的敏感性、准确性和及时性,本文对2018年中国麻疹监测系统(Measles surveillance system,MSS)中的检测和监测数据和国家麻疹风疹实验室(National measles/rubella laboratory,NMRL)病毒学监测数据库进行了分析。结果显示,2018年全国麻疹风疹监测共报告38 634例病例,其中散发病例36 340例,散发病例的血清和病原学标本采集率分别为98.75%、58.53%。麻疹、风疹IgM检测阳性率分别为10.51%(3892/37036)、8.85%(3243/36653)。麻疹、风疹病毒核酸检测阳性率分别为7.55%(1444/19116)、7.82%(1478/18905)。NMRL病毒学监测数据库显示:2018年共从23个省分离到301株麻疹病毒,其中13株为D8基因型,3株为B3基因型,14株为A基因型,2...     

Surveillance of antibody to measles,mumps, and rubella by age.

Before the introduction of measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine a survey was carried out to measure antibody prevalence to the three viruses by age. A total of 8716 samples of serum collected by five public health laboratories in different parts of England during 1986-7 were tested. Despite the current measles vaccination programme 60% of children aged 1-2 years did not have measles antibody and over 80% did not have antibodies to mumps and rubella. In the 3-4 year age group 17% of the children were susceptible to measles, 55% to mumps, and 73% to rubella. The results suggest that vaccinating children early in the second year of life will be necessary to eliminate the three diseases. The survey provides baseline data for continuing surveillance of the immediate and long term effects of the new vaccination strategy.     

Second dose of measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine: questionnaire survey of health professionals

ObjectiveTo determine the knowledge, attitudes, and practices among health professionals regarding the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, particularly the second dose.Design Self administered postal questionnaire survey.Setting North Wales Health Authority, 1998.Participants 148 health visitors, 239 practice nurses, and 206 general practitioners.Results Concerning the second dose of the vaccine, 48% of the professionals (220/460) had reservations and 3% (15) disagreed with the policy of giving it. Over half the professionals nominated health visitors as the best initial source of advice on the second vaccine. 61% of health visitors (86/140), compared with 46% of general practitioners (73/158), reported feeling very confident about explaining the rationale of a two dose schedule to a well informed parent, but only 20% (28/138) would unequivocally recommend the second dose to a wavering parent. 33% of the practice nurses (54/163) stated that the MMR vaccine was very likely or possibly associated with Crohn''s disease and 27% (44/164) that it was associated with autism. Nearly a fifth of general practitioners (27/158) reported that they had not read the MMR section in the “green book,” and 29% (44/152) reported that they had not received the Health Education Authority''s factsheet on MMR immunisation.Conclusions Knowledge and practice among health professionals regarding the second dose of the MMR vaccine vary widely. Many professionals are not aware of or do not use the good written resources that exist, though local educational initiatives could remedy this.     

Mumps, measles, and rubella vaccine and the incidence of autism recorded by general practitioners: a time trend analysis

ObjectiveTo estimate changes in the risk of autism and assess the relation of autism to the mumps, measles, and rubella (MMR) vaccine. DesignTime trend analysis of data from the UK general practice research database (GPRD).SettingGeneral practices in the United Kingdom.SubjectsChildren aged 12 years or younger diagnosed with autism 1988-99, with further analysis of boys aged 2 to 5 years born 1988-93.ResultsThe incidence of newly diagnosed autism increased sevenfold, from 0.3 per 10 000 person years in 1988 to 2.1 per 10 000 person years in 1999. The peak incidence was among 3 and 4 year olds, and 83% (254/305) of cases were boys. In an annual birth cohort analysis of 114 boys born in 1988-93, the risk of autism in 2 to 5 year old boys increased nearly fourfold over time, from 8 (95% confidence interval 4 to 14) per 10 000 for boys born in 1988 to 29 (20 to 43) per 10 000 for boys born in 1993. For the same annual birth cohorts the prevalence of MMR vaccination was over 95%.ConclusionsBecause the incidence of autism among 2 to 5 year olds increased markedly among boys born in each year separately from 1988 to 1993 while MMR vaccine coverage was over 95% for successive annual birth cohorts, the data provide evidence that no correlation exists between the prevalence of MMR vaccination and the rapid increase in the risk of autism over time. The explanation for the marked increase in risk of the diagnosis of autism in the past decade remains uncertain.     

吉林省毒蘑菇资源调查

依据文献报道和实际考察记载了吉林省毒蘑菇166种,隶属于2门5纲12目35科76属。其中,担子菌152种,子囊菌14种。部分凭证标本保存于吉林农业大学菌物标本馆(HMJAU)。文中对拉丁学名和中文名称进行了订正,同时列举出已报道的毒素成分及中毒类型,并引证了相关参考文献。