模拟氮沉降对华西雨屏区天然常绿阔叶林凋落叶分解过程中基质质量的影响

为理解氮沉降对华西雨屏区天然常绿阔叶林凋落物分解过程的影响,采用立地控制实验和凋落物分解袋法,研究了低氮沉降(L,50 kg N hm~(-2)a~(-1))、中氮沉降(M,150 kg N hm~(-2)a~(-1))和高氮沉降(H,300 kg N hm~(-2)a~(-1))对华西雨屏区天然常绿阔叶林凋落叶分解过程中基质质量的影响。结果表明:N沉降抑制了凋落叶的分解,并随着N沉降量的增加,抑制作用增强。N沉降遏制了凋落叶的C、N释放和纤维素降解,促进了P释放。N沉降提高了凋落叶的C/P比,中氮和高氮处理提高了凋落叶C/N比。N沉降显著增加了凋落叶N、木质素和纤维素的含量,分解1年后,各N沉降处理的木质素/N和纤维素/N均显著高于对照。N沉降提高了质量残留率与C/N、木质素/N和纤维素/N的相关性,降低了与C/P的相关性。可见,模拟N沉降显著影响了华西雨屏区天然常绿阔叶林凋落叶分解过程中的基质质量,进而影响了凋落叶的分解过程。     

Neotyphodium coenophialum和N.lolii的PCR检测

以N·coenophialum和N·lolii及其近似种N·huerfanum、N·chisosum、N·aotearoae、N·sp·共6个种18个菌株及苇状羊茅和多年生黑麦草8个品种的供试种子,通过对Tub-2基因引物IS1~IS3和NC25基因引物F1~R1进行扩增,设计了种子中Neotyphodium属内生真菌套式扩增的通用引物Tub-2-F~Tub-2-R,设计了N·coenophialum和N·lolii的特异引物F3~R3,建立了N·coenophialum和N·lolii的菌丝常规PCR和单粒种子套式PCR检测方法,使N·coenophialum和N·lolii的检测达到了单粒种子的水平,缩短了检测时间。建立的N·coenophialum和N·loliiPCR检测方法特异性强,结果可靠,检测速度快。     

减量施氮对冬小麦-夏玉米种植体系中氮利用与平衡的影响

研究了冬小麦-夏玉米种植体系中减量施N对作物N利用与平衡的影响,结果表明,与原有高量施N处理(N240和N360)相比,在冬小麦季减半施N未引起产量和吸N量的变化。但在原有低量施N处理(N120)下减半施N显著降低了小麦产量和吸N量;在夏玉米季,在上季减半施N的基础上停止施N后作物产量和吸N量均比原固定施N处理显著下降,N平衡计算结果表明,减量施N条件下0～1m土壤N残留和表观损失的数量均显著低于原有施N量处理,作物N利用率显著提高,但在1～2m层次中累积的硝态氮却不因减量施N而下降,说明这一土层的硝态氮可能难以被作物吸收利用,由此可见,在前茬高施N量下减少氮肥用量有利于提高作物的氮肥利用率、减少N残留与表观损失。     

交叉培养法研究养分对作物幼苗释放N2O的影响

为验证土壤中N2 O能否通过植物的输导组织由叶片释放从而干扰植物直接释放N2 O的定量测定 ,实验采用分室隔离法确证了土壤N2 O对测定某些作物 (如玉米、高粱 )直接释放N2 O的干扰 ;采用交叉培养法消除了这种干扰 ,准确地测定了大豆、玉米幼苗直接释放N2 O的强度 ;并研究了N、P营养与植物释放N2 O及体内NO 3 N浓度之间的相关性 .     

不同供氮方式下苹果矮化砧M9T337幼苗生长及内源激素的响应

以苹果(Malus domestica)矮化砧M9T337幼苗为试材,研究了5种不同供氮方式(NO_3~--N浓度由低变高、NO_3~--N浓度由高变低、持续适量供氮、持续低氮及持续高氮,分别以N1、N2、N3、N4和N5表示)对苹果幼苗生物量、根系形态、内源激素含量及根系硝态氮转运蛋白基因NRT1.1和NRT2.1相对表达量的影响。结果表明,与N3处理相比,N4处理根冠比增加了11.11%,而N5处理降低了28.57%。处理第21天,N3处理总根长、总表面积及根长密度最大,其次为N2处理,最小的为N5处理,而叶面积为N3N5N2N1N4。处理7 d后,N4处理根系吲哚乙酸(IAA)含量显著高于N5处理,而叶片IAA含量显著低于N5处理。N2处理在NO_3~--N浓度变换11 d内根系IAA含量增加了16.68%,叶片IAA含量降低了20.90%;N1处理趋势相反。处理21 d内,N5处理根系和叶片玉米素(Z)和玉米素核苷(ZR)含量均显著高于N4处理。各处理根系脱落酸(ABA)含量在处理第21天时无显著差异,而叶片ABA含量为N4N2N1N5N3。N4处理根系NRT1.1的相对表达量在处理7 d后显著高于N5处理,且N4处理1 d后显著诱导了根系NRT2.1的表达。由此推测,与高氮相比,低氮下苹果幼苗IAA从地上部向根系极性运输增加,Z和ZR含量降低,叶片ABA含量积累,根系NRT1.1和NRT2.1相对表达量提高,可能是苹果幼苗在不同NO_3~--N浓度下生长差异的重要原因。     

四翅滨藜叶片C、N、P生态化学计量特征对N添加的响应

以宁夏平罗西大滩四翅滨藜人工林为研究对象,通过设置N添加的野外实验,研究四翅滨藜叶片C、N、P化学计量比的季节动态及其对N添加的响应特征。结果显示:(1)四翅滨藜叶片C、N、P化学计量比在生长季初期和末期较高,在生长季旺期(8～9月)较低。(2)N添加提高了绿叶N浓度和N∶P比,降低了绿叶C∶N、N回收度(NRP)和P回收度(PRP),对其他指标的影响无明显的规律性。(3)N回收效率(NRE)和NRP均与枯叶C∶N比显著正相关;P回收效率(PRE)与绿叶P浓度显著正相关,与枯叶P浓度显著负相关;PRP分别与绿叶P浓度和枯叶C、N、P化学计量比显著正相关,与枯叶C浓度显著负相关。研究表明,N添加促进了四翅滨藜绿叶N摄取,降低了叶片从枯叶中回收N和P的能力,改善了枯叶N分解质量;未来大气N沉降增加会改变干旱半干旱区植物N吸收、分配和回收等策略,促进枯叶中N的释放速率,直接影响N循环,进而间接影响到植被-土壤系统C和P的循环过程。     

根系氮吸收过程及其主要调节因子

氮（N）是植物根系吸收最多的矿质元素之一．全球变化将使土壤中N的有效性发生改变,影响陆地生态系统碳分配格局与过程．研究根系N吸收及其调控对预测生态系统结构和功能具有重要理论意义．由于土壤中存在多种形态的N源,长期的生物进化和环境适应导致植物根系对不同形态N的吸收部位、机理及调控有较大差别．因此,植物长期生长在以某一形态N源为主的土壤上就形成了不同的N吸收机制和策略．本文简述了近年来在植物根系N吸收和调控方面的最新研究进展,重点评述了不同形态N在土壤中的生物有效性,根系N吸收部位,N在木质部中的装载和运输,不同形态N（NO3^-、NH4^＋和有机氮）的吸收机制,以及根系N吸收的自身信号调控和环境因子对根系N吸收的影响．在此基础上,提出了目前根系N吸收研究中存在的几个问题．     

中国茨藻科植物的初步调查及细胞学分类研究

据文献记载我国内陆水域茨藻科植物有4种。自1979年以来,笔者对中国内陆水体中茨藻科植物进行了调查,并对每一种都进行了形态解剖和细胞学的实验研究。只发现了2个新种和3个新纪录。我国茨藻科植物共有11种,1个交种(包括台湾分布的3种):Najas marina L., N. marina L.var. intermedia(Gorski)A. Br., N. graminea Del, N. minor A11., N. oguraensis Miki, N. moshanensis N. Z. Wang, N. chinensis N. Z. Wang, N. japonica Nakai, N. indica (Willd) Chan, N. ancisirocarpa A. Br. ex Magnus, N. browniana Rendle。     

M.hydrocarbonoclasticus NY4中N_2OR的酶活测定及环境因素对酶活力的影响

氧化亚氮(N2O)是一种主要的温室气体,其生物学减量控制已经成为研究热点。在自然环境中,氧化亚氮还原酶(N2OR)是唯一能将N2O还原成N2的酶。以1株能在高盐条件下进行厌氧及好氧反硝化作用的海杆菌Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus NY4为研究对象,建立了一种稳定的N2OR酶活检测方法,考察了p H、盐质量分数以及碳氮比(C/N)等环境因素对N2OR酶活力的影响。结果发现:当p H为7时、盐质量分数为6%~8%、C/N为8时,N2OR呈现出了最高的酶活。本实验结果丰富了对N2OR酶学特征的了解,为N2O生物减量控制提供了部分参考。     

氮磷添加对荒漠草原植物-凋落物-土壤生态化学计量特征的影响

为明确植物、凋落物和土壤养分含量及化学计量比对土壤中添加多种限制性养分的响应,阐明“植物-凋落物-土壤”连续体化学计量动态及各组分之间的协同作用,以宁夏荒漠草原为研究对象,于2018年开始进行氮(N)、磷(P)养分添加控制试验。试验处理包括对照(CK)、N添加、P添加、NP共同添加4个处理。结果表明：(1)NP共同添加显著增加了荒漠草原植物N和P含量、以及凋落物和土壤P含量,显著降低了荒漠草原植物C∶N和C∶P、以及土壤和凋落物C∶P和N∶P。P添加显著增加了荒漠草原植物、凋落物和土壤P含量,显著降低了植物、凋落物、土壤C∶P和N∶P。N添加分别增加了植物、凋落物N含量和N∶P,但对植物N含量影响未达到显著水平。(2)C、N、P含量和N∶P大小均表现为植物>凋落物>土壤,C∶N和C∶P均表现为凋落物>植物。(3)N添加提高了荒漠草原植物对P再吸收效率,降低了荒漠草原植物对N利用效率;P添加提高荒漠草原植物对N再吸收效率,降低荒漠草原对P的利用效率;NP共同添加提高了荒漠草原植物对N和P再吸收效率,降低了荒漠草原植物对N和P利用效率。(4)植物-凋落物-土壤的N、P含量...     

Evolution of immunoglobulins and ferredoxins and the occurrence of pseudosymmetrical sequences

The homologous relationship between the different chains and fragments of immunoglobulins has been investigated by a sensitive method. The results lend weight to theories which suggest that all the chains of immunoglobulins have evolved from a common ancestor. Moreover, the results suggest that the variable and constant parts of light chains have also a common ancestor. The occurrence of several possible internal regularities has been investigated. The results suggest that immunoglobulins and ferredoxins derive from the repetition of a primordial (pseudo)symmetrical peptide. The significance of the results is discussed.This work was carried out under the association contract 016-61-10 ABIB between Euratom and the University of Brussels.     

Ab initio DFT study of structural and mechanical properties of methane and carbon dioxide hydrates

The structural and mechanical properties of methane and carbon dioxide hydrates were investigated using density functional theory simulations. Well-established equations of state of solids and exchange-correlation functionals were used for fitting the unit lattice total energy as a function of volume, and the full second-order elastic constants of these two gas hydrates were determined by energy–strain analyses. The polycrystalline elastic properties were also calculated from the unit lattice results. The final results for methane hydrate agree well with available experimental data and with other theoretical results. The two gas hydrates were found to be highly elastically isotropic, but they differed significantly in shear properties. The presented results for carbon dioxide hydrates are the first complete set reported so far. The results are a significant contribution to the ab initio material characterisation of gas hydrates required for ongoing fundamental studies and technological applications.     

Argon laser treatment of port-wine stains: the patients' evaluations of the result.

The argon laser is now a well-established method of treating port-wine stains (PWS) in the face and neck areas. Satisfactory results are reported in 44 to 75 percent of cases, but criteria for that classification and the patients' perceptions of the result are seldom given. In the present paper, a sample of 58 patients was used to assess the patients' own perceptions of the degree of lightening and scarring. Three felt the results were excellent, 23 good, 18 fair, and 14 poor. The treatment was considered as unpleasant by 76 percent, and 55 percent of the patients asked for a new consultation. Scarring was noticed by 50 percent. The patients' perceptions of the results and physicians' rating were the same in 69 percent. The best results were obtained in older patients with small port-wine stains. Such lesions also can be treated surgically with good results.     

Pigment types of various color genotypes of horses

Hair samples of various colors of horses were analyzed for content of both eumelanin and pheomelanin by a procedure using high performance liquid chromatography. The results are in accord with generally accepted genetic hypotheses accounting for the various colors. However, the results support the hypothesis that the chestnut/sorrel group of colors is conditioned by the extension locus, not the brown locus. The results also indicate that the brown locus is a likely contributor to some rare color phenotypes.     

影响干红葡萄酒感官质量的因素分析

以116个干红葡萄酒酒样为样本,通过多项式回归构建出反映陈酿时间、酒精含量、残糖量以及是否在橡木桶中陈酿与感官质量之间关系的方程．并且通过回归方程的预测,确定出感官分析结果与各影响因素之间的数量关系。     

Attitudes of Genetics Professionals Toward the Return of Incidental Results from Exome and Whole-Genome Sequencing

Professional recommendations for the return of results from exome and whole-genome sequencing (ES/WGS) have been controversial. The lack of clear guidance about whether and, if so, how to return ES/WGS incidental results limits the extent to which individuals and families might benefit from ES/WGS. The perspectives of genetics professionals, particularly those at the forefront of using ES/WGS in clinics, are largely unknown. Data on stakeholder perspectives could help clarify how to weigh expert positions and recommendations. We conducted an online survey of 9,857 genetics professionals to learn their attitudes on the return of incidental results from ES/WGS and the recent American College of Medical Genetic and Genomics Recommendations for Reporting of Incidental Findings in Clinical Exome and Genome Sequencing. Of the 847 respondents, 760 completed the survey. The overwhelming majority of respondents thought that incidental ES/WGS results should be offered to adult patients (85%), healthy adults (75%), and the parents of a child with a medical condition (74%). The majority thought that incidental results about adult-onset conditions (62%) and carrier status (62%) should be offered to the parents of a child with a medical condition. About half thought that offered results should not be limited to those deemed clinically actionable. The vast majority (81%) thought that individual preferences should guide return. Genetics professionals’ perspectives on the return of ES/WGS results differed substantially from current recommendations, underscoring the need to establish clear purpose for recommendations on the return of incidental ES/WGS results as professional societies grapple with developing and updating recommendations.     

Further Investigations on the Robustness of the Standardized Selection Difference

The robustness of the standardized selection difference is investigated for the family of central chi-squared-distributions. The results are compared with those for the uniform, a family of triangular distributions and the exponential distribution. Beside these exact results and some simulation results are considered.     

Renography of renal function depending on the results of radiotherapy of bladder cancer]

The paper is devoted to analysis of the potentialities of radionuclide renography as a method for assessment of the effectiveness of radiotherapy of bladder cancer. The results obtained suggested close correlation between change of renal function and the results of irradiation. Normal renal function was observed in 3 patients, improvement--in 16 patients, and deterioration--in 8 patients whereas a complete effect of radiotherapy brought about the following figures: 5, 11 and 3, respectively. A conclusion was made of a high significance of renography parameters in objective assessment of the results of radiotherapy of bladder cancer in conjunction with other therapeutic modalities.     

泌尿生殖道主要病原体检测基因芯片的构建

为构建可同时检测单一样品中多种病原体的复合基因芯片,检索相关细菌的16S～23SrRNA间区基因序列,应用生物信息学软件针对不同细菌的共同序列和特异序列,设计通用引物和特异寡核苷酸探针并制成基因芯片。利用芯片对临床泌尿生殖道分泌物样本进行病原菌检测。80例样本中96％芯片检测结果与门诊回复结果符合,反馈的测序结果经BLAST软件对比分析,与其芯片检测结果一致。该泌尿生殖道病原体检测基因芯片设计合理,检测结果具有较好的重复性和可靠性。     

一类非线性Lotka-Volterra系统的正概周期解

通过变换和不动点定理,研究了一类非线性Lotka-Volterra系统的正概周期解的存在性,获得了新的结果．