New data on the European fauna of encyrtid wasps (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Encyrtidae)

On the basis of examination of the collection of the Natural History Museum (london), an annotated list of 36 encyrtid species with new records for 12 countries is given: one species new for both Ukraine and Croatia; two, for Austria, Cyprus, and Norway; three, for U.K.; four, for Germany and Spain; five, for Bulgaria; six, for Italy; eight, for France, and twelve, for Greece.     

Synopsis of the hard ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) of Romania with update on host associations and geographical distribution

The current paper is a synoptic review of the distribution and host associations of the 25 species of hard tick fauna (family Ixodidae) in Romania. In addition to a full literature survey, original data is presented, based on eight years of occasional or targeted sample collection. The literature data on geographical distribution was transposed digitally to the decimal degree coordinate system. For each species, an updated distribution map is given together with all historical data and new host associations. Overall, our paper records 58 new tick-host associations for Romania: 20 for Ixodes ricinus, 1 for I. apronophorus, 6 for I. arboricola, 2 for I. hexagonus, 9 for I. redikorzevi, 1 for I. trianguliceps, 2 for I. vespertilionis, 2 for Haemaphysalis punctata, 1 for H. sulcata, 2 for H. concinna, 1 for D. marginatus, 4 for Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato, 1 for R. bursa and 6 for Hyalomma marginatum.     

十种一碳代谢关键产物的HPLC-MS/MS 定量检测方法

目的:利用HPLC-MS/MS方法对十种一碳代谢相关产物进行定量分析。方法:采用Aglient ZORBAX SB-AQ C18柱(2.1mm×100 mm,3.5 m)、电喷雾离子源(ESI),以多离子反应监测方式(MRM)进行正离子检测。对游离叶酸(FA)、5-甲酰四氢叶酸(5-FT)、5-甲基四氢叶酸(5-MT)、S-腺苷蛋氨酸(SAM)、S-腺苷同型半胱氨酸(SAH)、胱硫醚(CYSTA)、组氨酸(HIS)、丝氨酸(SER)、蛋氨酸(MET)、同型半胱氨酸(HCY)进行定量分析。结果:FA、5-FT、5-MT、SAM、SAH、CYSTA、HIS、SER、MET、HCY的检测限分别为0.1 ng.L-1、0.25 ng.L-1、0.1 ng.L-1、0.1 ng.L-1、0.25 ng.L-1、0.25 ng.L-1、0.1 ng.L-1、0.025 ng.L-1、0.1 ng.L-1、0.1 ng.L-1。FA、5-FT、5-MT、SAH、CYSTA浓度测定方法线性范围为2~50 ng.L-1,SER、SAM浓度测定方法线性范围20~500 ng.L-1,MET、HCY浓度测定方法线性范围200~5000 ng.L-1,HIS浓度测定方法线性范围为400~10000 ng.L-1,r均在0.993以上,全部涵盖了已报道的血清中指标的含量范围。结论:建立了HPLC-MS/MS方法,可同时分析十种一碳代谢通路的关键产物,所需样品量少,检测速度快,同时实现分项检测,可为多种代谢性疾病系统性地检测一碳代谢中间产物体液分析方法建立实验条件基础。     

Distribution of adenylate kinase and phosphoglucomutase isoenzymes in the population of the city of New York.

Blood samples from unrelated persons living in New York, N.Y., were examined for phosphoglucomutase (PGM) and adenylate kinase (AK) phenotypes, the sample consisting of 164 Caucasians, 133 Negroes, 129 persons of Spanish origin or descent, and 156 Chinese for PGM and 136 Caucasians, 134 Negroes, 136 persons of Spanish origin or descent, and 156 Chinese for AK. The PGM1 gene frequency was found to be 0.7774 for Caucasians, 0.8083 for Negroes, 0.7461 for Hispanic persons, and 0.7917 for Chinese. One Hispanic person had a very rare type, PGM 8-1-FAST. The AK1 gene frequency was found to be 0.9669 for Caucasians, 0.9813 for Negroes, 0.9779 for Hispanic persons, and 1.000 for Chinese.     

Destructive effect of heating against toxoplasma oocysts.

Heating was examined for destructive effect against Toxoplasma oocysts, both unsporulated and sporulated, of the O-1 and O-3 strains. Sporulation-inhibition rates were measured by counting sporulated and unsporulated oocysts in each examination. As a result, the sporulation of Toxoplasma oocysts was completely inhibited by exposure to 60 or 70 degrees C for 10 seconds, 55 degrees C for 30 seconds, 50 degrees C for 2.5 minutes. 45 degrees C for 1 hour, or 37 degrees C for 48 hours. When examined by the mouse inoculation method, the infectivity of sporulated oocysts became extinct after heating at 90 degrees C for 30 seconds, 80 degrees C for 1 minute, 70 degrees C for 2 minutes, 55 or 60 degrees C for 15 minutes, or 50 degrees C for 30 minutes. It was confirmed that heating was effective for the sterilization of Toxoplasma oocysts.     

Biology of Triatoma pallidipennis stal 1945 (Hemiptera: Reduviidae:Triatominae) under laboratory conditions

Aspects related to hatching, life time, mortality, feeding behaviour and fecundity for each stage of Triatoma pallidipennis life-cycle were evaluated. The hatching rate observed for 200 eggs was 60% and the average time of hatching was 18 days. Eighty nymphs (N) (40%) completed the cycle and the average time from NI to adult was 168. 7+/-11.7days. The average span in days for each stage was 18.0 for NI, 18.5 for NII, 30.0 for NIII, 35.7 for NIV and 50.1 for NV. The number of bloodmeals at each nymphal stage varied from 1 to 5. The mortality rate was 9.17 for NI, 5.5 for NII, 6.8 for NIII 4.17 for NIV and 13.04 for NV nymphs. The average number of eggs laid per female in a 9-month period was 498.6. The survival rates of adults were 357+/-217.9 and 262.53+/-167.7 for males and females respectively.     

Allocating resources for cancer control--resolving multicriteria decision-making using the analytic hierarchy process

When competing programs ought to be financed simultaneously for the same purpose, an allocation problem occurs due to scarce resources, and different perspectives and preferences. Facing the problem needs determining criteria which the decision might be based on. Those criteria form the objectives (the scope) of the different participants, and are relevant for the achievement of the goal, providing a comprehensive resource allocation that bridges and integrates the different perspectives. In case of cancer control primary prevention, secondary prevention, therapy and tertiary prevention, education, basic sciences, and clinical trials form the alternatives. An analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is used for supporting decision-making in the resource allocation problem. AHP is a method for setting priorities, but can only work out the implications of what was declared through the pairwise-ranking process, namely the relative preferences, weighing the criteria and rating the alternatives two by two. In the first analysis the relative weights to criteria were 0.099 for 'distributive justice'; 0.120 for constitutional and human rights; 0.251 for lay opinion; 0.393 for EBM; 0.137 for cost-effectiveness. Ranking the alternatives using 'judgements' resulted in relative preference of 0.238 for therapy, 0.204 for primary prevention, 0.201 for secondary prevention, 0.135 for clinical trials, 0.111 for tertiary prevention, 0.066 for basic sciences and 0.045 for education. In the second analysis the relative importance of "cost-effectiveness" was doubled, thus resulting in 0.234 for therapy, 0.216 for secondary prevention, 0.183 for primary prevention, 0.145 for clinical trials, 0.113 for tertiary prevention, 0.063 for basic sciences and 0.046 for education. Sensitivity analysis has shown that increasing the relative weight of cost-effectiveness up to approximately 0.4 changes the rank of alternatives, and above 0.4 this criterion gives secondary prevention preferences. According to the relative rates computed in both of the models all criteria vote for therapy, but these preferences change at the high level of weights, in case of EBM, 'rights', and cost-effectiveness. Cost-effectiveness prefers secondary prevention to therapy; the criterion of constitutional and human rights and the criterion of evidence-based medicine vote for primary prevention.     

Genetic parameter estimates for pre-weaning performance and reproduction traits in Markhoz goats

Genetic parameters for growth, mortality and reproductive performances of Markhoz goats were estimated from data collected during 1993–2010 at Markhoz goat Performance Testing Station in Sanandaj, Iran. For kid performance traits 3763 records were available for birth weight (BW), 2931 for weaning weight (WW), average daily gain (ADG) and Kleiber ratio (KR) (approximated as ADW/WW^0.75) and 3032 for pre-weaning mortality (PWM). For doe reproductive performance traits there were 2920 records available for litter size at birth (LSB), litter size at weaning (LSW), total litter weight at birth (TLWB) and litter mean weight per kid born (LMWKB), and 2182 for total litter weight at weaned (TLWW) and litter mean weight per kid weaned (LMWKW). Genetic parameters were estimated with univariate and bivariate models using restricted maximum likelihood (REML) procedures. Random effects were explored by fitting additive direct genetic effects, maternal additive genetic effects, maternal permanent environmental effects, the covariance between direct and maternal genetic effects, and common litter effects in different models for pre-weaning traits of kids. Also, in addition to an animal model, sire and threshold models, using a logit link function, were used for analyses of PWM. Models for LSB, LSW, TLWB, TLWW, LMWKB, and LMWKW included direct additive genetic effects, permanent environmental effects due to the animal as well as service sire effects. Estimated direct heritabilities were moderate for pre-weaning traits (0.22 for BW, 0.16 for WW, 0.21 for ADG, and 0.27 for KR and 0.29 for PWM), and low for reproduction traits (0.01 for LSB, 0.01 for LSW, 0.02 for TLWB, 0.03 for TLWW, 0.07 for LMWKB, and 0.06 for LMWKW). The estimates for the maternal additive genetic variance ratios were lower than direct heritability for BW (0.07) and KR (0.04). The estimate for the maternal permanent environmental variance ratios (c²) varied from 0.01 for KR to 0.07 for WW and ADG. The magnitude of common litter variance ratios (l²) was more substantial for BW (0.46) than the PWM (0.19) and KR (0.16). The estimate for the permanent environmental variance due to the animal (c²) ranged from 0.03 for LMWKB to 0.07 for TLWB and LMWKW, whereas service sire effects (s²) ranged from 0.02 to 0.04. The correlation between direct and maternal genetic effects were negative and high for BW (?0.51) and KR (?0.62). The genetic correlations between pre-weaning growth traits were positive and moderate to strong, as were genetic correlations between reproductive traits. Between BW and PWM the correlation was ?0.35. Phenotypic and environmental correlations for all traits were generally lower than genetic correlations.     

Epistatic Association Mapping for Alkaline and Salinity Tolerance Traits in the Soybean Germination Stage

Soil salinity and alkalinity are important abiotic components that frequently have critical effects on crop growth, productivity and quality. Developing soybean cultivars with high salt tolerance is recognized as an efficient way to maintain sustainable soybean production in a salt stress environment. However, the genetic mechanism of the tolerance must first be elucidated. In this study, 257 soybean cultivars with 135 SSR markers were used to perform epistatic association mapping for salt tolerance. Tolerance was evaluated by assessing the main root length (RL), the fresh and dry weights of roots (FWR and DWR), the biomass of seedlings (BS) and the length of hypocotyls (LH) of healthy seedlings after treatments with control, 100 mM NaCl or 10 mM Na₂CO₃ solutions for approximately one week under greenhouse conditions. A total of 83 QTL-by-environment (QE) interactions for salt tolerance index were detected: 24 for LR, 12 for FWR, 11 for DWR, 15 for LH and 21 for BS, as well as one epistatic QTL for FWR. Furthermore, 86 QE interactions for alkaline tolerance index were found: 17 for LR, 16 for FWR, 17 for DWR, 18 for LH and 18 for BS. A total of 77 QE interactions for the original trait indicator were detected: 17 for LR, 14 for FWR, 4 for DWR, 21 for LH and 21 for BS, as well as 3 epistatic QTL for BS. Small-effect QTL were frequently observed. Several soybean genes with homology to Arabidopsis thaliana and soybean salt tolerance genes were found in close proximity to the above QTL. Using the novel alleles of the QTL detected above, some elite parental combinations were designed, although these QTL need to be further confirmed. The above results provide a valuable foundation for fine mapping, cloning and molecular breeding by design for soybean alkaline and salt tolerance.     

A population model based on a life table that includes marriage and parity.

This paper presents a method for constructing a one-sex life table that incorporates age, marriage and parity. The life table is the basis for a generalized population model, with immediate extension to a stable population differentiated by age, marriage and parity status. The method is quite general and could be extended, without major modification, to more complex life tables.Computation of intrinsic rates of increase for a number of populations adjusted for age, for age and parity, for age and marriage, and for age, marriage and parity shows that adjustment for marriage accounts for most of the difference between the age-adjusted rate and the age-, marriage-, and parity-adjusted rate. Adjustment for parity without adjustment for marriage may be misleading.     

Performance of dairy cattle clones and evaluation of their milk composition

Genetic and phenotypic performance of U.S. Holstein embryo-split and nuclear-transfer clones was documented for yield and fitness traits. For cows, mean genetic superiority based on pedigree was 186 kg of milk, 9 kg of fat, and 7 kg of protein for embryo-split clones and 165, 10, and 8 kg, respectively, for nuclear-transfer clones compared with the population for the same birth year; pedigree advantage for male clones generally was slightly greater. Estimates of genetic merit that considered a clone's own performance as well as pedigree merit were slightly lower for embryo-split cows than for their full siblings for yield but not for milk composition (fat and protein percentages), mastitis resistance (somatic cell score), longevity (productive life), or cow fertility (daughter pregnancy rate); no corresponding genetic differences were found for nuclear-transfer cows or for cloned bulls regardless of clone type. For bulls, estimated genetic merit based on daughter yield was more similar for clone pairs with apparent identical genotype than for pairs from the same biotechnology but nonidentical as confirmed by blood typing. Yield deviations were lower for clones than for their full siblings. Milk composition (total solids, fat, fatty acid profile, lactose, and protein) also was compared for nuclear-transfer clones (Brown Swiss, Holstein, and Holstein-Jersey cross) with non-cloned cows and literature values; no differences were found for gross chemical composition of milk. No obvious differences were evident between cloned and non-cloned animals or for the milk that they produced.     

Assessment of Hazardous and Essential Elements in a Food Crop Irrigated with Municipal Sewage Water: Risk Appraisal for Public Health

To assess the impact of sewage water on metal accretion in selected diverse varieties of wheat (i.e., Lasani-2008, ARRI-10, Faisalabad-83, Punjab-85, Aas-2010, and Sehar-2006), their seeds were sown in pots containing soil. The results showed that the concentration of heavy metals in grains from the wheat plants supplied with sewage water was considerably higher than the plants supplied with canal irrigation water (control). In canal water irrigated wheat grains the metal concentrations (mg/kg) ranged from 2.20–3.5 for Cu, 12.50–32.4 for Zn, 22.45–35.22 for Mn, 0.05–0.15 for Pb, 0.012–0.029 for Cd, 2.5–5.3 for Ni, 18.16–29.63 for Fe, and 0.90–3.64 for Cr in different wheat varieties, whereas the wheat grains raised from sewage water, had metal concentrations (mg/kg): 3.8–5.30 for Cu, 29.60–40.50 for Zn, 32.9–50.40 for Mn, 1.14–7.50 for Pb, 0.26–0.42 for Cd, 3.90–7.55 for Ni, 32.21–40.35 for Fe, and 2.88–7.84 for Cr. Since these metals bioaccumulate in wheat grains with unremitting use of metal-enriched wastewater, care has to be taken for irrigating wheat plants with household wastewater for a longer time, particularly in those soils where this crop is grown regularly.     

Determination of cediranib in mouse plasma and brain tissue using high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry

A new high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) assay for cediranib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor for VEGFRs, was developed and validated, for the determination of plasma and brain levels of cediranib in small specimen volumes. Tyrphostin (AG1478) was used as internal standard. Mouse plasma and brain homogenate samples were prepared using liquid-liquid extraction. The assay was validated for a 2.5-2500 ng/mL concentration range for plasma, and for 1-2000 ng/mL range for brain homogenate. For these calibration ranges, within-assay variabilities were 1.1-14.3% for plasma and 1.5-9.4% for brain homogenate; between-assay variabilities were 2.4-9.2% for plasma, and 4.9-10.2% for brain homogenate. Overall accuracy ranged from 101.5 to 107.0% for plasma and 96.5 to 100.2% for brain homogenate, for all target concentrations. The developed assay has been successfully applied for a brain distribution study in mice at an oral dose of 5 mg/kg.     

Revised and extended serum cotinine cut-offs to classify smokers and non-smokers

Purpose: To revise and extend the previously published serum cotinine cut offs to classify smokers and non-smokers for US adolescents and adults.

Materials and methods: Cross-sectional data (N?=?10171) from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for 2011–2014 were used to compute serum cotinine cut-offs to classify smokers and non-smokers for US adults aged ≥20?years and 2007–2014 (N?=?4583) data were used to compute serum cotinine cut-offs for US adolescents aged 12–19?years.

Results: Specificities and sensitivities for the cut-offs among adults were ≥95% and ≥75% among adolescents. For adults, serum cotinine cut-offs in ng/mL to classify smokers from non-smokers were 3.3 for the total population, 4.13 for males, 2.99 for females, 4.03 for non-Hispanic whites, 8.85 for non-Hispanic blacks, 0.377 for Mexican Americans, 1.72 for other Hispanics and 1.41 for non-Hispanic Asians. For adolescents, serum cotinine cut-offs in ng/mL to classify smokers from non-smokers were 0.765 for the total population, 1.1 for males, 0.408 for females, 1.2 for non-Hispanic whites, 1.98 for non-Hispanic blacks, 0.215 for Mexican Americans and 0.321 for other Hispanics.

Conclusions: Serum cotinine cut-offs to distinguish smokers from non-smokers for US adults and adolescents were developed.     

A preliminary investigation of some Maruthamalai forest plants for phytochemical compounds

Twenty five plant species from the Maruthamalai hills, Coimbatore, were screened for the presence of phytoconstituents. Among 25 plants, 19 gave positive tests for flavonoids, 23 for alkaloids, 20 for saponins, 25 for tannins, 22 for steroids and terpenoids, 23 for phenolic compounds, and tests indicated the presence of rotenoids in all the plants.     

Comparison of pure Holsteins to crossbred Holsteins with Norwegian Red cattle in first and second generations

A total of 1922 first generation crossbred cows born between 2005 and 2012 produced by inseminating purebred Israeli Holstein cows with Norwegian Red semen, and 7487 purebred Israeli Holstein cows of the same age in the same 50 herds were analyzed for production, calving traits, fertility, calving diseases, body condition score, abortion rate and survival under intensive commercial management conditions. Holstein cows were higher than crossbreds for 305-day milk, fat and protein production. Differences were 764, 1244, 1231 for kg milk; 23.4, 37.4, 35.6 for kg fat, and 16.7, 29.8, 29.8 for kg protein; for parities 1 through 3. Differences for fat concentration were not significant; while crossbred cows were higher for protein concentration by 0.06% to 0.08%. Differences for somatic cells counts were not significant. Milk production persistency was higher for Holstein cows by 5, 8.3 and 8% in parities 1 through 3. Crossbred cows were higher for conception status by 3.1, 3.6 and 4.7% in parities 1 through 3. Rates of metritis for Holsteins were higher than the crossbred cows by 7.8, 4.6 and 3.4% in parities 1 to 3. Differences for incidence of abortion, dystocia, ketosis and milk fever were not significant. Holstein cows were lower than crossbred cows for body condition score for all three parities, with differences of 0.2 to 0.4 units. Contrary to comparisons in other countries, herd-life was higher for Holsteins by 79 days. A total of 6321 Holstein cows born between 2007 and 2011 were higher than 765 progeny of crossbred cows backcrossed to Israeli Holsteins of the same ages for milk, fat and protein production. Differences were 279, 537, 542 kg milk; 10.5, 17.7, 17.0 kg fat and 6.2, 12.9, 13.2 kg protein for parities 1 through 3. Differences for fat concentration were not significant, while backcross cows were higher for protein percentage by 0.02% to 0.04%. The differences for somatic cell score, conception rate, and calving diseases other than metritis, were not significant. Holstein cows were lower than backcross cows by 1.5% to 2.5% for conception status in parities 1 to 3 and lower for body condition score for parities 1 and 2, with differences in the range of 0.06 to 0.09 units. Culling rates were higher, and herd-life lower for the crossbred cows. The gains obtained in secondary traits for crossbred cows did not compensate for the major reduction in production.     

Characterization of six nucleoside-nucleotide phosphotransferases from the chromatin of Morris hepatoma 9121 cells by physicochemical and biochemical techniques

1. Six nucleoside-nucleotide phosphotransferases A-F were isolated from chromatin of Morris Hepatoma 9121 cells and characterized. 2. The apparent mol wt are: 13,000 daltons for A, 35,000 or 70,000 for B and E, 240,000 for C, 180,000 for D and 300,000-400,000 for F. 3. The sedimentation values are: 2.5-3 S for A, 3 or 5 S for B and E, 11 S for C, 7-8 S for D and 14 S for F. 4. The activity of the six enzymes A-F was stimulated with 1-2.5 micrograms calf thymus DNA using thymidine/ATP as substrates. 5. In the presence of defined polydeoxynucleotides, each enzyme A-F showed a differential preference for its substrates.     

Gas chromatographic–tandem mass spectrometric determination of anabolic steroids and their esters in hair: Application in doping control and meat quality control

We have developed a powerful and simple sensitive method for testing hair for anabolic steroids and their esters. A 100-mg amount of powdered hair was treated with methanol in an ultrasonic bath for extraction of esters, then alkaline digested with 1 M NaOH for an optimum recovery of other drugs. The two liquid preparations were subsequently extracted with ethyl acetate, pooled, then finally highly purified using a twin solid-phase extraction on amino and silica cartridges. The residue was derivatized with N-methyl-N(trimethylsilyl)-trifluoracetamide (MSTFA) prior to injection. Analysis was conducted by gas chromatography coupled to a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. The generally chosen parent ion was the molecular ion while two daughter ions were selected for each compound with collision energies ranging from −16 to −21 eV. Internal standards were nandrolone d₃ for non-esterified drugs and testosterone phenyl propionate for esters. The limits of detection calculated from an analysis of the blanks (n=30) were 0.08 pg/mg for nandrolone, 6.20 pg/mg for boldenone, 0.07 pg/mg for methyl testosterone, 0.15 pg/mg for ethinyl estradiol, 2.10 pg/mg for metandienone, 0.86 pg/mg for testosterone propionate, 0.95 pg/mg for testosterone cypionate, 1.90 pg/mg for nandrolone decanoate, 3.10 pg/mg for testosterone decanoate and 4.80 pg/mg for testosterone undecanoate. Application to doping control has been demonstrated. In a series of 18 sportsmen, two tested positive for anabolic steroids in hair whereas urinalysis was negative for both of them. The first positive case was nandrolone and the second case concerned the identification of testosterone undecanoate. Measured in 10 white males aged between 22 and 31 years, the testosterone concentration was in the range 1.7–9.2 pg/mg (mean=5.0 pg/mg). The method was also applied in meat quality control. Of the 187 analyses realized based upon hair and urine sampling in slaughter houses, 23 were positive for anabolic steroids in hair: one case for boldenone, one case for metandienone, two cases for testosterone propionate, three cases for nandrolone, five cases for testosterone decanoate and 11 cases for methyl testosterone. In the meantime, urinalysis was always negative for these drugs or their metabolites.     

Bioconcentration and excretion of diazinon, IBP, malathion and fenitrothion by carp

1. Bioconcentration and excretion of diazinon, IBP, malathion and fenitrothion were studied for carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). 2. The concentrations of these pesticides in muscle and viscera of the carp reached plateaus in 12-48 hr exposure. 3. The average values of bioconcentration factors (BCF) for diazinon were 20.9 in muscle, 60.0 in liver, 111.1 in kidney and 32.2 in gallbladder over the 168 hr exposure period. Similarly, those values were 4.3-26.7 for IBP, 2.7-17.3 for malathion, and 36.0-157.1 for fenitrothion. 4. The excretion rate constants of malathion (hr-1) were 0.13 for muscle, 0.12 for liver, 0.08 for kidney and 0.06 for gallbladder. Those of diazinon, IBP and fenitrothion (g.ng-1.hr-1) were 0.002-0.024 for muscle, 0.001-0.020 for liver, 0.0004-0.004 for kidney and 0.002-0.023 for gallbladder, respectively.     

Genetic parameters estimation for preweaning traits and their relationship with reproductive,productive and morphological traits in alpaca

The aim of this study was to estimate the genetic parameters for preweaning traits and their relationship with reproductive, productive and morphological traits in alpacas. The data were collected from 2001 to 2015 in the Pacomarca experimental farm. The data set contained data from 4330 females and 3788 males corresponding to 6396 and 1722 animals for Huacaya and Suri variants, respectively. The number of records for Huacaya and Suri variants were 5494 and 1461 for birth weight (BW), 5429 and 1431 for birth withers height (BH), 3320 and 896 for both weaning weight (WW) and average daily gain (DG) from birth to weaning, 3317 and 896 for weaning withers height (WH), and 5514 and 1474 for survival to weaning. The reproductive traits analyzed were age at first calving and calving interval. The fiber traits were fiber diameter (FD), standard deviation of FD (SD), comfort factor and coefficient of variation of FD and the morphological traits studied were density, crimp in Huacaya and lock structure in Suri, head, coverage and balance. Regarding preweaning traits, model of analysis included additive, maternal and residual random effects for all traits, with sex, coat color, number of calving, month–year and contemporary group as systematic effects, and age at weaning as linear covariate for WW and WH. The most relevant direct heritabilities for Huacaya and Suri were 0.50 and 0.34 for WW, 0.36 and 0.66 for WH, 0.45 and 0.20 for DG, respectively. Maternal heritabilities were 0.25 and 0.38 for BW, 0.18 and 0.32 for BH, 0.29 and 0.39 for WW, 0.19 and 0.26 for WH, 0.27 and 0.36 for DG, respectively. Direct genetic correlations within preweaning traits were high and favorable and lower between direct and maternal genetic effects. The genetic correlations of preweaning traits with fiber traits were moderate and unfavorable. With morphological traits they were high and positive for Suri but not for Huacaya and favorable for direct genetic effect but unfavorable for maternal genetic effect with reproductive traits. If the selection objective was meat production, the selection would have to be based on the direct genetic effect for WW but not on the maternal genetic effect that has been shown to have less relevance. Other weaning traits such as WH or DG would be indirectly selected.