Triacylglycerol Synthesis Enzymes Mediate Lipid Droplet Growth by Relocalizing from the ER to Lipid Droplets

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Highlights? Triacylglyceride (TG) synthesis is coupled with lipid droplet (LD) growth ? Two LD populations exist: growing LDs, containing TG enzymes, and small LDs ? Specific TG synthesis enzymes move from the ER to LDs through membrane bridges ? LD localization of TG enzymes mediates expansion of a subset of LDs     

PGRL1 Is the Elusive Ferredoxin-Plastoquinone Reductase in Photosynthetic Cyclic Electron Flow

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Highlights? PGRL1 is the elusive FQR which has been sought for almost three decades ? PGR5 is required for the transfer of electrons from ferredoxin to PGRL1 ? The six redox-active cysteine residues of PGRL1 can form intra- and intermolecular disulfide bridges ? Thioredoxins destabilize PGRL1 homodimers     

OTUB1 co-opts Lys48-linked ubiquitin recognition to suppress E2 enzyme function

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Highlights? Identification of OTUB1 mutants with impaired ability to inhibit E2 enzymes ? Crystal structure of a ubiquitin-charged E2 bound to OTUB1 ? Molecular basis of Lys48-linked ubiquitin chain recognition by OTUB1 determined ? OTUB1 employs product inhibition mimicry to inhibit E2 enzymes     

Structural Mechanism of CCM3 Heterodimerization with GCKIII Kinases

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Highlights? Crystal structure of CCM3-MST4 heterodimeric complex ? Structural mechanism driving CCM3-GCKIII heterodimerization ? Conformational changes required for CCM3-GCKIII heterodimerization ? Synergistic effects of CCM3-MST4 complex on cell proliferation and migration     

Cyclical Action of the WASH Complex: FAM21 and Capping Protein Drive WASH Recycling,Not Initial Recruitment

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Highlights? Dictyostelium WASH complex neutralizes lysosomes, then is recycled in small vesicles ? FAM21 is required at a different step than the other four WASH complex subunits ? Mutants in FAM21 can make actin on vesicles but cannot recycle WASH complex after use ? WASH complex is recycled coupling between actin, capping protein, and FAM21     

Adaptation of Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetase Catalytic Core to Carrier Protein Aminoacylation

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Highlights? The crystal structure of the aa:CP ligase in complex with carrier protein was solved ? The interaction relies on the idiosyncratic α-helix of the aa:CP ligase ? The complex represents a unique mode of carrier protein recognition and binding ? The mechanism of amino acid attachment to carrier protein is discussed     

Dynamic Interaction between Sigma-1 Receptor and Kv1.2 Shapes Neuronal and Behavioral Responses to Cocaine

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Highlights? Sig-1R activity enhances sensitivity to cocaine by decreasing accumbal firing ? Cocaine decreases accumbal firing via Sig-1R-dependent increase of Kv1.2 current ? The Sig-1R forms a complex with Kv1.2 channel in the nucleus accumbens shell ? Cocaine triggers a long-lasting upregulation of the Sig-1R-Kv1.2 channel complex     

Differential Regulation of Distinct Vps34 Complexes by AMPK in Nutrient Stress and Autophagy

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Highlights? Different Vps34 complexes are distinctly regulated upon energy stress ? AMPK activates the proautophagy Vps34 complex by phosphorylating Beclin1 ? AMPK inhibits the nonautophagic Vps34 complex by phosphorylating Vps34 ? ATG14L determines whether the Vps34 complex is activated or inhibited by AMPK     

Fibronectin Regulates Wnt7a Signaling and Satellite Cell Expansion

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Highlights? Fzd7 and Sdc4 form a coreceptor complex in satellite cells ? FN stimulates Wnt7a activity through the Fzd7/Sdc4 coreceptor complex ? Activating satellite cells remodel their niche with FN ? FN regulates the satellite cell pool during muscle regeneration     

Structural basis for substrate targeting and catalysis by fungal polysaccharide monooxygenases

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Highlights? 1.1/1.37 Å polysaccharide monooxygenases structures have active-site dioxygen species ? The structures reveal a large variance in substrate binding surfaces ? Proposed electron transport pathways in polysaccharide monooxygenases are conserved ? Polysaccharide monooxygenases and CBM₃₃ enzymes likely bind substrates differently     

Selective Chemical Crosslinking Reveals a Cep57-Cep63-Cep152 Centrosomal Complex

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Highlights? Selective chemical crosslinking identifies novel protein-protein interactions ? Superresolution microcopy defines the localization of centrosomal proteins ? Cep57, Cep63, and Cep152 form a ring-like centrosomal complex     

Structure and mechanism of the CMR complex for CRISPR-mediated antiviral immunity

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Highlights? EM structure of the CMR complex for viral RNA degradation has been determined ? The crRNA content of CMR has been analyzed by deep sequencing ? Target RNA cleavage by CMR is sequence dependent     

Essential features and rational design of CRISPR RNAs that function with the Cas RAMP module complex to cleave RNAs

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Highlights? CRISPR RNA function requires a conserved CRISPR sequence tag ? CRISPR RNAs can be engineered to direct cleavage of novel target RNAs ? The Cmr complex cleaves complementary RNAs in vivo     

Rac1 drives melanoblast organization during mouse development by orchestrating pseudopod- driven motility and cell-cycle progression

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Highlights? Rac1 and the Scar/WAVE complex drive pseudopod-based motility of melanoblasts ? Rac1-depleted melanoblasts move using unique actin-based stubs and not blebs ? Rac1 controls pseudopod frequency but is dispensable for pseudopod formation ? Loss of Rac1 delays melanoblast cell-cycle progression and cytokinesis     

Structures of dNTP Intermediate States during DNA Polymerase Active Site Assembly

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Highlights? Initial nucleotide binding occurs in the open polymerase complex ? Correct and incorrect nucleotides undergo metal-dependent conformational changes ? Watson-Crick base pairing is sampled upon nucleotide binding ? The stabilization of the correct, but not incorrect, nucleotide deters misinsertion     

Loss of Scar/WAVE Complex Promotes N-WASP- and FAK-Dependent Invasion

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Highlights? Arp2/3 complex drives epithelial cell invasion in the absence of WRC ? Loss of WRC promotes N-WASP-dependent invasion and degradative focal adhesions ? Loss of WRC promotes FAK activation and enhances anchorage-independent growth ? WRC suppresses cell transformation and tumor formation     

Finding Protein Targets for Small Biologically Relevant Ligands across Fold Space Using Inverse Ligand Binding Predictions

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Highlights? Inverse ligand binding prediction is implemented with modern binding site predictors ? Use of just one protein-ligand complex allows accurate identification of other protein targets ? Inverse prediction is effective in finding structurally distant protein targets ? Consensus approach provides improvements     

The MRN-CtIP Pathway Is Required for Metaphase Chromosome Alignment

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Highlights? The MRN-CtIP pathway is required for metaphase chromosome alignment in egg extracts ? MRN inhibition interferes with spindle assembly around DNA-coated beads ? MRN inhibition in cells causes a metaphase delay and disrupts the RanGTP gradient ? The MRN complex regulates the stable association of RCC1 to chromatin