Direct and Indirect Gene Regulation by a Life-Extending FOXO Protein in C. elegans: Roles for GATA Factors and Lipid Gene Regulators

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Highlights? DAF-16 regulates genes both cell autonomously and cell nonautonomously ? DAF-16 can act at in the endoderm to delay muscle aging ? DAF-16 can act at a distance to protect animals from amyloid paralysis ? Cell-non-autonomous gene regulation by DAF-16 involves the lipid-gene regulator MDT-15     

Structure of a bacteriophytochrome and light-stimulated protomer swapping with a gene repressor

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Highlights? Bacteriophytochrome structure containing photosensory and output transducing domain ? RpBphP1 binds to the cognate repressor RpPpsR2 on illumination with far-red light ? HOS domain is distantly related to Dhp and is essential for binding to the repressor ? Light-induced protomer swapping mechanism between dimers     

Mesenchymal stem cells as therapeutic agents of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases

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Highlights? Immunomodulatory properties of MSCs in vitro and in vivo are discussed. ? Safety and efficacy of treatments with allogeneic MSCs are discussed. ? Future directions to improve efficacy of MSC treatments are proposed.     

Snx3 Regulates Recycling of the Transferrin Receptor and Iron Assimilation

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Highlights? Snx3 is highly expressed in vertebrate hematopoietic tissues ? Silencing of Snx3 results in anemia and hemoglobin defects in vertebrates ? Snx3 and Vps35 physically interact with Tfrc ? Snx3 is required for endosomal recycling of Tf-Tfrc complex     

Variable lymphocyte receptor recognition of the immunodominant glycoprotein of Bacillus anthracis spores

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Highlights? VLRBs use their C-terminal LRRs and the LRRCT-loop to interact with antigen ? Sequence-related VLRBs exhibit differential recognition of their BclA epitopes ? VLR4 binds a conserved protein epitope, yet is specific for B. anthracis spores     

HSF-1 regulators DDL-1/2 link insulin-like signaling to heat-shock responses and modulation of longevity

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Highlights? C. elegans DAF-2 insulin-like signaling negatively regulates HSF-1 activity ? DDL-1 and DDL-2 are negative regulators of HSF-1 ? Formation of a complex containing DDL-1/2 and HSF-1 inhibits HSF-1 activity ? DAF-2 signaling promotes DHIC formation by inhibiting DDL-1 phosphorylation     

Tissue engineering 2.0: guiding self-organization during pluripotent stem cell differentiation

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Highlights? Self-organization is a property of developmental systems and pluripotent stem cells. ? Tissue engineering approaches can be applied to control self-organization in vitro. ? Maturation of pluripotent stem cells in vitro may be promoted by self-organization. ? Subtle, dynamic signals are provided to pluripotent cells through self-organization.     

The Glove-like Structure of the Conserved Membrane Protein TatC Provides Insight into Signal Sequence Recognition in Twin-Arginine Translocation

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Highlights? Crystal structures of TatC from the thermophile Aquifex aeolicus are presented ? The architecture of TatC generates a glove-shaped pocket buried in the bilayer ? Molecular dynamics reveal destabilization of the membrane around the pocket ? Correlation to biochemical results suggest the signal sequence binds in this pocket     

A novel aux/IAA28 signaling cascade activates GATA23-dependent specification of lateral root founder cell identity

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Highlights? GATA23 is involved in lateral root founder cell specification ? A coordinated migration of pericycle nuclei precedes the first asymmetric division ? An Aux/IAA28-dependent auxin signaling cascade controls GATA23 expression     

Trachea-Derived Dpp Controls Adult Midgut Homeostasis in Drosophila

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Highlights? Trachea-derived Dpp/Bmp is required for midgut homeostasis ? Dpp expressed in tracheal cells reach intestinal cells through visceral muscles ? Dpp signaling is activated in enterocytes (ECs) in the Drosophila adult midgut ? Dpp signaling stabilizes ECs to restrict intestinal stem cell proliferation     

Klf15 orchestrates circadian nitrogen homeostasis

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Highlights? Nitrogen homeostasis exhibits circadian rhythmicity in mammals ? Klf 15 regulates rhythmic amino acid utilization and ammonia detoxification ? Krüppel-like factor 15 is regulated by the circadian clock ? Feeding is a major external cue regulating Klf15 rhythmicity and nitrogen homeostasis     

Sprouty1 Regulates Reversible Quiescence of a Self-Renewing Adult Muscle Stem Cell Pool during Regeneration

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Highlights? Pax7⁺ skeletal satellite cells regenerate muscle in their endogenous environment ? Quiescent satellite cells express the RTK inhibitor Spry1 ? Spry1 is needed for satellite cells to return to quiescence after muscle injury ? Deletion of Spry1 in satellite cells depletes the muscle stem cell pool     

Characterization and In Vivo Pharmacological Rescue of a Wnt2-Gata6 Pathway Required for Cardiac Inflow Tract Development

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Highlights? Wnt2 is required for atrial and inflow tract morphogenesis ? Wnt2 regulates expansion of secondary heart field progenitors ? Defects in Wnt2^?/? mutants can be rescued using Wnt signaling agonists ? Wnt2 cooperates with Gata6 to regulate cardiac inflow tract development     

The metabolic profile of tumors depends on both the responsible genetic lesion and tissue type

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Highlights? MYC and MET affect glucose and glutamine metabolism differently in the liver ? Tissue context affects the outcome of metabolic reprogramming by MYC ? MYC overexpression sensitizes cells to inhibition of Gls1 glutaminase     

Dendritic Filopodia,Ripped Pocket,NOMPC, and NMDARs Contribute to the Sense of Touch in Drosophila Larvae

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Highlights? Larval multidendritic neurons are required for sensing gentle touch in Drosophila ? Optogenetic activation of defined multidendritic neurons triggers touch behaviors ? Sensory filopodia are dynamic, F-actin-rich organelles necessary for mechanosensing ? A high-throughput touch screen identifies NMDARs, NOMPC, and Ripped Pocket     

DAD2 Is an α/β Hydrolase Likely to Be Involved in the Perception of the Plant Branching Hormone,Strigolactone

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Highlights? DAD2 gene, identified by transposon tagging, encodes an α/β hydrolase fold protein ? DAD2 acts in the shoot; mutants are insensitive to strigolactones ? DAD2 crystal structure shows an internal cavity capable of binding strigolactones ? DAD2 can hydrolyze the strigolactone GR24     

Rare Codons Regulate KRas Oncogenesis

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Highlights? Mammalian KRAS is enriched in rare codons that limit its expression ? Changing rare to common codons increases ectopic and endogenous KRAS expression ? KRAS oncogenicity is limited by rare codons ? Other gene pairs exhibit high sequence identity but opposing codon bias