Corrosion Properties of Ceramic-Based TiO2 Films on Plasma Oxidized Ti6A14V/316L Layered Implant Structured Manufactured by Selective Laser Melting

Selective Laser Melting(SLM),one of the metal additive manufacturing methods in the powder bed,is frequently used in the pro-duction of 316L stainless steel bio...     

基于稳健性设计优化L-赖氨酸发酵过程

目的:选择发酵系统中各可控因素的最佳水平组合,从而减少各种干扰的影响,以获得稳健的赖氨酸产量。方法:利用田口法的内外表与Box性能规则优化赖氨酸发酵条件。结果:通过实验得知,转速、硫酸铵和葡萄糖浓度对发酵影响较大;结果稳定的最优发酵条件为初始葡萄糖浓度为80g/L、硫酸铵浓度为42g/L、转速为225r/min、初始pH值为6.7、接种量为8%。经实验验证,最优化发酵条件是低灵敏度的,最优目标值比较稳健。在10L自动发酵罐上培养65h,L-赖氨酸盐酸盐的产量为165.68g/L,比优化前提高了12.4%。结论:基于稳健性设计所得的最优发酵条件参数,可使目的产物产量稳定,便于生产操作。     

医院检查预约流程优化与设计

医院各医技科室的传统检查预约服务流程存在弊端,各检查系统各自管理检查预约登记和确认,无法做到资源共享,且患者等待时间过长。为了解决以上问题,对医院的检查预约流程进行了梳理和优化,提出对医院多个检查科室的预约登记进行统一管理,为各检查科室提供统一的检查预约平台,实现统一预约和自助预约相结合,并开通智能提醒服务将患者预约和排队信息告知患者。     

均匀设计法优化壳聚糖微球的制备工艺

本实验采用均匀设计法优化甘草酸壳聚糖微球的制备工艺,提供可控性及预测性,并对微球稳定性和药物释放规律进行研究.实验方法是运用乳化交联法制备微球,利用SPSS软件进行多元线性回归拟合,得到方程及优化工艺条件.优化方程的预测值与实验值之间有较好的吻合性.制备出的微球可以在室温(15～25 ℃)或低温(4 ℃)条件下保存,微球可采用60Co辐射灭菌;微球的药物释放动力学可用一级动力学方程来描述.由此,本实验通过均匀设计法优化甘草酸壳聚糖微球的制备工艺预测性好且制备的微球性能良好.     

低能量激光在口腔种植中的应用进展

低能量激光照射（low level laser irradiation,LLLI）是一种生物物理学刺激,对多种细胞具有光生物调节作用,可以促进骨组织和软组织的愈合,已经引起口腔种植工作者的重视。本文综述了LLLI在口腔种植中的应用,并简述了低能量激光照射的光生物调节作用可能的分子学机制,最后提出了低能量激光照射的研究展望,为未来低能量激光照射在口腔种植临床的应用奠定基础。     

Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty versus Argon Laser Trabeculoplasty in Patients with Open-Angle Glaucoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Objective

To examine possible differences in clinical outcomes between selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) and argon laser trabeculoplasty (ALT) in open-angle glaucoma at different times post-treatment.

Methods

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing SLT versus ALT were searched through August 2013. The main outcome measure was IOP, and secondary outcomes included the number of glaucoma medications, the success rate, and adverse events.

Results

Six RCTs, involving 482 eyes treated with laser trabeculoplasty, were included in the meta-analysis. For all patients (including first and previous laser trabeculoplasy), no significant difference in IOP lowering was observed between SLT and ALT at one hour (P = 0.40), one week (P = 0.72), one month (P = 0.37), six months (P = 0.08), one year (P = 0.34), two years (P = 0.58), three years (P = 0.34), four years (P = 0.47), and five years (P = 0.50). A statistically significant difference in favor of SLT was found when comparing the IOP reduction at three months after intervention (weighted mean difference (WMD): 1.19 mmHg [0.41; 1.97]; I²=0%; P = 0.003). For patients who were naive to laser, there was no significant difference of reduction in IOP comparing SLT with ALT at any time point. In patients’ previous LT, no statistically significant difference in IOP reduction was found at six months (WMD: 1.92 mmHg [-0.91; 4.74]; I² = 77.3%; P = 0.18). There was no significant difference in the reduction in the number of glaucoma medications, the success rate, or adverse event rates between the two treatments.

Conclusions

SLT has equivalent efficacy to ALT with a similar constellation of side effects. In the case of retreatment, SLT appears to be similar to ALT in IOP lowering at six months.     

均匀设计法优化硝酸咪康唑微球的制备工艺

目的：以均匀设计法筛选优化硝酸咪康唑苹果酸化壳聚糖微球的制备工艺,提供可控性及预测性,并对微球稳定性和药物释放规律进行研究。方法：采用乳化交联法制备微球。采用U5（53）试验表进行试验,分别考察各处方的制备的微球的形态和粒径、载药量和包封率。利用SPSS软件进行多元线性回归拟合,得到方程及优化工艺条件。结果：优化方程的预测值与实验值之间有较好的吻合性。制备出的微球可以在室温（25℃）条件下保存;微球的药物释放动力学可用一级动力学方程来描述。结论：本实验通过均匀设计法优化硝酸咪康唑微球的制备工艺预测性好且制备的微球性能良好。     

MeltMan: Optimization,Evaluation, and Universal Application of a qPCR System Integrating the TaqMan qPCR and Melting Analysis into a Single Assay

In the present work, we optimised and evaluated a qPCR system integrating 6-FAM (6-carboxyfluorescein)-labelled TaqMan probes and melting analysis using the SYTO 82 (S82) DNA binding dye in a single reaction. We investigated the influence of the S82 on various TaqMan and melting analysis parameters and defined its optimal concentration. In the next step, the method was evaluated in 36 different TaqMan assays with a total of 729 paired reactions using various DNA and RNA templates, including field specimens. In addition, the melting profiles of interest were correlated with the electrophoretic patterns. We proved that the S82 is fully compatible with the FAM-TaqMan system. Further, the advantages of this approach in routine diagnostic TaqMan qPCR were illustrated with practical examples. These included solving problems with flat or other atypical amplification curves or even false negativity as a result of probe binding failure. Our data clearly show that the integration of the TaqMan qPCR and melting analysis into a single assay provides an additional control option as well as the opportunity to perform more complex analyses, get more data from the reactions, and obtain analysis results with higher confidence.     

Selective Recognition of Triplex and Duplex Melting in Triple-Helical Nucleic Acids by Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy

Abstract

Here we present a method based on CD spectroscopy to evaluate duplex and triplex melting independent from each other in cases where UV melting curves show only one transition.     

Optimization of Process Parameters for a Quasi-Continuous Tablet Coating System Using Design of Experiments

The aim of this study was to identify and optimize the critical process parameters of the newly developed Supercell quasi-continuous coater for optimal tablet coat quality. Design of experiments, aided by multivariate analysis techniques, was used to quantify the effects of various coating process conditions and their interactions on the quality of film-coated tablets. The process parameters varied included batch size, inlet temperature, atomizing pressure, plenum pressure, spray rate and coating level. An initial screening stage was carried out using a 2^6−1(IV) fractional factorial design. Following these preliminary experiments, optimization study was carried out using the Box–Behnken design. Main response variables measured included drug-loading efficiency, coat thickness variation, and the extent of tablet damage. Apparent optimum conditions were determined by using response surface plots. The process parameters exerted various effects on the different response variables. Hence, trade-offs between individual optima were necessary to obtain the best compromised set of conditions. The adequacy of the optimized process conditions in meeting the combined goals for all responses was indicated by the composite desirability value. By using response surface methodology and optimization, coating conditions which produced coated tablets of high drug-loading efficiency, low incidences of tablet damage and low coat thickness variation were defined. Optimal conditions were found to vary over a large spectrum when different responses were considered. Changes in processing parameters across the design space did not result in drastic changes to coat quality, thereby demonstrating robustness in the Supercell coating process.     

Design,Optimization, and Evaluation of Lurasidone Hydrochloride Nanocrystals

The present investigation was carried out to design, optimize, and evaluate lurasidone hydrochloride nanocrystals for improving its solubility and dissolution characteristics. Nanocrystals were prepared by media milling technique using zirconium oxide beads with 0.1 mm diameter. Various stabilizers, viz. poloxamer 188, PVP K30, SLS, HPMC E15, and PVP S 630 D, were evaluated to stabilize the nanocrystals. The Pareto chart obtained through Plackett-Burman screening design revealed that HPMC E 15 showed the highest standardized effect (p value <0.05) on percent dissolution efficiency at 2 min. In subsequent studies, a 3² factorial design was employed to quantify the effect of two independent variables, namely amount of stabilizer and milling time on predetermined response variables mean particle size, saturation solubility, and percent dissolution efficiency at 2 min. Statistical analysis of the factorial design revealed that all predetermined response variables were significantly dependent (p value <0.05) on the independent variables. The observed response of the optimized batch prepared as per the desirability function was in close agreement with predicted response, and mathematical model generated was validated. The optimized batch was lyophilized, and X-ray powder diffraction studies indicated that there was no substantial change in crystallinity of the drug. The optimized formulation showed mean particle size of 228 nm and released almost all the drug within first 5 min. Since the crystallinity of the drug is maintained, improvement in saturation solubility and dissolution efficiency could be attributed to decrease in mean particle size of the drug.     

木糖醇发酵状态估算,过程预测与优化

运用广义对数方程拟合不同初始木糖浓度（４７３～９４７１ｇ／Ｌ）下的木糖醇发酵过程,借助于均匀设计综合考察构建神经网络时第一、二隐层单元数、学习速度、初始权矩阵对模拟结果的影响及不同的初始状态变量对木糖醇发酵过程的影响,建立了一个能够很好地用于不同初糖浓度下木糖醇发酵状态估算和过程预测的四层６７６３拓扑构型的神经网络模型,提出了对改善木糖醇发酵有指导意义的优化方案。     

Theoretical Design of Novel, 4 Base Pair Selective Derivatives of Mitoxantrone

Abstract

Mitoxantrone (MTX) is a recently synthesized antitumor intercalative molecule, currently in use in chemotherapy. Previous theoretical computations showed that the base pair selectivity of MTX is limited to the sole two base-pair sequence making up the intercalation site. In order to further extend the recognition site, we undertook, by means of theoretical computations, the design of novel MTX derivatives, in which the terminal hydroxyl group of each side chain is esterified with oligopeptides.

We compare in the present study the binding affinities of two derivatives, depsiGly-Lys(D) and depsiGly-Gly-Orn(L), for the palindromic sequences d(CCCGGG)₂, d(GCCGGC)₂, d(GGCGCC)₂, and d(CGCGCG)₂.

Major groove binding of the oligopeptide arms was shown to be significantly more favourable than either minor groove binding, or binding to the sole phosphate groups. With the two arms adopting two antiparallel directions, two distinct arrangements were investigated in the major groove: (a) the two oligopeptides are brought closer together by means of two hydrogen bonds involving the backbone of their second residue in a β-sheet like arrangement; (b) the two arms are remote from each other so as to reduce their mutual electrostatic repulsion. Whatever the disposition, the optimal binding configurations were invariably found to be those in which the cationic side chains of the terminal residues chelate N7/06 of two successive guanines, whenever present on a given strand. A distinct energetical preference for arrangement (a) was obtained with the depsiGly-Gly-Orn(L) derivative. Replacement of the central Gly residue by a Cys one, as in the sequence depsiGly-Cys-Orn(L), was proposed subsequently, so as to further stabilize such a β-sheet arrangement by means of a disulfide bridge between the two Cys residues.

The two investigated compounds were shown to preferentially bind sequences d(CCCGGG)₂ and d(GCCGGC)₂, with a tetrameric core CCGG rather than sequences d(GGCGCC)₂ and d(CGCGCG)₂, with a tetrameric core GCGC.     

异甘草素的合成工艺研究

以2,4-二羟基苯乙酮和对羟基苯甲醛为原料,通过羟基保护,羟醛缩合及脱保护合成得到了异甘草素。并对其中的关键步骤羟醛缩合反应条件如：催化剂的种类,底物的摩尔比,反应温度,溶剂以及反应时间进行了优化。结果表明,在以Ba(OH)₂为催化剂,甲醇为反应溶剂,对羟基苯甲醛和2,4-二羟基苯乙酮的摩尔比为1.8∶1,温度为45℃的条件下,反应12 h,羟醛缩合反应的收率最高（77.9%）,且体系较为简单,易于纯化。     

Selective Process for Efficient Isolation of Soil Bacillus spp

We were able to isolate Bacillus thuringiensis from environmental samples with a background of 10 bacteria per g of soil. Our selection process differed significantly from classical selection methods which permit only the desired organism to grow. In our process, germination of B. thuringiensis spores was selectively inhibited by sodium acetate, while most of the undesired sporeformers germinated. Next, all of the nonsporulated microbes were eliminated by heat treatment at 80 degrees C for 3 min. The surviving spores were then plated on a rich agar medium and allowed to grow until they sporulated. Of random colonies picked from agar, 20 to 96% were crystal-forming Bacillus species. B. thuringiensis and B. sphaericus were routinely selected by this method.     

Low-level Laser Therapy to the Mouse Femur Enhances the Fungicidal Response of Neutrophils against Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

Neutrophils (PMN) play a central role in host defense against the neglected fungal infection paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM), which is caused by the dimorphic fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis (Pb). PCM is of major importance, especially in Latin America, and its treatment relies on the use of antifungal drugs. However, the course of treatment is lengthy, leading to side effects and even development of fungal resistance. The goal of the study was to use low-level laser therapy (LLLT) to stimulate PMN to fight Pb in vivo. Swiss mice with subcutaneous air pouches were inoculated with a virulent strain of Pb or fungal cell wall components (Zymosan), and then received LLLT (780 nm; 50 mW; 12.5 J/cm2; 30 seconds per point, giving a total energy of 0.5 J per point) on alternate days at two points on each hind leg. The aim was to reach the bone marrow in the femur with light. Non-irradiated animals were used as controls. The number and viability of the PMN that migrated to the inoculation site was assessed, as well as their ability to synthesize proteins, produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) and their fungicidal activity. The highly pure PMN populations obtained after 10 days of infection were also subsequently cultured in the presence of Pb for trials of protein production, evaluation of mitochondrial activity, ROS production and quantification of viable fungi growth. PMN from mice that received LLLT were more active metabolically, had higher fungicidal activity against Pb in vivo and also in vitro. The kinetics of neutrophil protein production also correlated with a more activated state. LLLT may be a safe and non-invasive approach to deal with PCM infection.     

L-asparaginase from Bacillus flexus strain SS: Isolation,Screening, Production Process Optimization,Purification, and Anticancer Activity

Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology - L-asparaginase has been widely accepted as a standard anticancer drug for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). Presently in L-asparaginase biotherapeutic...