陕西省獾蛛及水狼蛛初报

獾蛛属 Trochosa Koch 及水狼蛛属 Pirata Sundevall是狼蛛科中较小的属。几年来,我们在秦岭山区采到獾蛛属1种,水狼蛛属3种,其中有二种经研究后认为是新种,现报道于下。模式标本存陕西师大生物系无脊椎动物标本室。     

农田狼蛛亚群落结构的研究

本文对南宁市郊农田九种生境狼蛛亚群落结构进行了讨论。群落有7属37种狼蛛。文中揭示了农田各生境区间狼蛛亚群落的主要成分及其主要属性差异的原因。以狼蛛类群为指示动物,用群落相似性比例和聚类分析法,能较好地区分幼豹蛛(Pardosa pusiola)与奇异獾蛛(Trochosa ruricola)和拟环纹豹蛛(Pardosa pseudoannulata)与拟水狼蛛(Pirata subpiraticus)是构成农田区旱地和水田生境型具有代表性的两个狼蛛亚群落主要成分。     

武昌獾蛛种群内遗传变异的分子检测与分析

采用外生殖器结构特征和RAPD分析相结合的方法,从2个层次研究分析了武昌獾蛛Trochosa wuchangensis自然种群的种内遗传差异性.2种方法的结果一致表明武昌獾蛛的自然种群内存在变异,即使同一地理种群的武昌獾蛛也有多种变异类型,且该种内变异并不完全是因分布地域不同而产生的.用这2种手段在对其雌性成体进行研究时发现可明显分为3大类型,以武昌獾蛛外生殖器结构为鉴定依据,这3大类型分别为:(1)两垂兜间合抱部分梨形,长≤宽;纳精囊远端分叶时内叶稍短于外叶.(2)两垂兜间合抱部分梨形,长>宽;内叶明显短于外叶.(3)两垂兜间合抱部分窄长,长>宽;外叶明显细.用武昌獾蛛雌性成体的外生殖器结构特征为依据划分的这3种类型与依据其RAPD谱带特征所进行的类型划分基本一致.对1型和2型内个体间的遗传相似度进行方差分析表明,2型内个体间不存在显著差异,但1型内个体间存在显著差异(P<0.05).研究还表明性别不同的武昌獾蛛成体的RAPD谱带也有差异,用随机引物S92扩增的253 bp的片段为雄性武昌獾蛛的种的特异性片段.不同生长发育期的武昌獾蛛也存在种内遗传差异,引物S82和S266对不同生长发育期的武昌獾蛛样本的RAPD扩增中就显示其相互间存在不一致的谱带特征.经统计分析发现成熟个体的谱带类型稳定,变化较小;未成熟个体的谱带类型不稳定,差异较大.     

中国獾蛛属的再研究（蜘蛛目：狼蛛科）

通过对７种中国獾蛛的再研究,笔者将奇异獾蛛Ｔｒｏｃｈｏｓａｒｕｒｉｃｏｌａ（ＤｅＧｅｅｒ,１７７８）与类奇异獾蛛Ｔ．ｒｕｒｉｃｏｌｏｉｄｅｓＳｃｈｅｎｋｅｌ１９６３和武昌獾蛛Ｔ．ｗｕｃｈａｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ（Ｓｃｈｅｋｅｌ,１９６３）进行了外生殖器结构的比较,明确了后两种并奇异獾蛛的同物异名,并分别作了该两种的单性补充描述,本文还记述了１个中国新记录种,水獾蛛Ｔ．ａｑｕａｔｉｃａＴａｎａｋａ,１９８５     

中国狼蛛科的系统发育

运用分支分析法,采用支序分析软件Phylip程序,以盗蛛科和褛网蛛科为外群,从形态、生态等方面选取了18个特征对中国狼蛛11个属(脉狼蛛属未在其列)进行支序分析。分析结果表明,马蛛亚科(包括马蛛属和水狼蛛属)最为原始,潮浪蛛亚科次之;熊蛛属和獾蛛属构成的分支更次,狼蛛亚科和豹蛛亚科构成姊妹群最为进化。所以潮浪蛛属、熊蛛属和獾蛛属应分别从狼蛛亚科中独立出来,皆自成亚科,分别名潮浪蛛亚科和獾蛛亚科。     

3种园蛛幼蛛各龄形态比较

实验室恒温条件下,研究了园蛛属3种园蛛——角园蛛(Araneus cornutus),叶斑园蛛(A.sta),大腹园蛛(A.ventricosus)的各龄幼蛛。描述它们各自的形态特征;指出它们之间的形态差异。     

狼蛛,蟹蛛和跳蛛

狼蛛、蟹蛛和跳蛛分别是蜘蛛目中三个科的蜘蛛的通称。这三类蜘蛛包括了我们日常见到的游猎型蜘蛛的大部分种类,它们在帮助人类消灭害虫中所起作用也较大,所以作为动物学教学中的例子加以介绍。 (一)狼蛛狼蛛在地面或植物上疾驰,凶狠如狼,故名。体长3-25毫米,但多数种类在5-8毫米间。体色多黄褐色,不鲜艳。8眼,排成三列。前列4个小眼,中、后两列各2个眼,较大;后列两眼的间距稍大于中列两眼的间距(图1左)。卵袋扁球形,由两片半圆形丝膜缝合而成。卵袋挂在母蛛腹部后端的纺器上,由母蛛随身携带。幼蛛孵出后不分散,而是爬伏在母蛛腹部     

中国狼蛛科娲蛛属(娲蛛亚科)分类地位的探讨

采用DNA测序方法,获得了中国狼蛛科Lycosidae4亚科6属26种mtDNA-16S rRNA基因的部分序列,比较来自北美狼蛛科豹蛛属2种豹蛛的同一基因序列,并选取漏斗蛛科1种蜘蛛作为外群,采用Bayesian方法和最大简约法(MP)构建分子系统树.两种建树方法均支持娲蛛属和豹蛛属形成一大的单系;这一结果与现行狼蛛科传统分类体系中娲蛛属的分类地位有差别.据此,作者认为:娲蛛属和豹蛛属可以归为同一个分类亚单位.狼蛛科6属间的分子系统关系为(Rirata(Hippasa(Trochsa Arctosa(Pardosa Wadicosa)))).     

基于线粒体16S rRNA基因对中国狼蛛科(Lycosidae)系统发育研究

将自测的中国狼蛛科Lycosidae4亚科6属26种和从GenBank中检索到的北美2种豹蛛的mtD-NA-16S rRNA序列进行比较;以漏斗蛛科1种蜘蛛作为外群,对碱基序列的组成和遗传距离进行了分析,采用Bayesian方法和最大简约法(MP)构建分子系统树。研究结果表明:16SrRNA基因的部分序列为340bp到360bp,A T含量平均为75%,存在较强的A T含量偏向性;序列共有157个碱基存在变异,其中79个简约信息位点。狼蛛科各属间的遗传距离介于0.026￣0.200之间。2种建树方法均表明:科内的属及属内的种优先聚在一起;水狼蛛属相对马蛛属是狼蛛科中较为原始的类群,分化较早;獾蛛属作为1个单系群与熊蛛属合为1个并系,属于狼蛛亚科。狼蛛科6属间的分子系统关系为(Pirata(Hippasa(Trochsa Arctosa(Pardosa Wadicosa))))。     

奎孔蛛（跳蛛科）雌蛛记述

本文记述奎孔蛛的雌性和雄性鉴别特征。雌蛛最初记述于越南,雌蛛系新发现。文内附以雄蛛左触肢的腹面观和侧面观,其中侧面观的角度与原定名人的附图的角度不同,以供读者参考。本种在我国系新记录,产于湖南和云南两省,其实际分布范围尚待进一步调查。     

A survey of the East Palaearctic Lycosidae (Araneae). 9. Genus Xerolycosa Dahl, 1908 (Evippinae)

Three species of Xerolycosa: Xerolycosa nemoralis (Westring, 1861), Xerolycosa miniata (C.L. Koch, 1834) and Xerolycosa mongolica (Schenkel, 1963), occurring in the Palaearctic Region are surveyed, illustrated and redescribed. Arctosa mongolica Schenkel, 1963 is removed from synonymy with Xerolycosa nemoralis and transferred to Xerolycosa, and the new combination Xerolycosa mongolica (Schenkel, 1963) comb. n. is established. One new synonymy, Xerolycosa undulata Chen, Song et Kim, 1998 syn.n. from Heilongjiang = Xerolycosa mongolica (Schenkel, 1963), is proposed. In addition, one more new combination is established, Trochosa pelengena (Roewer, 1960) comb. n., ex Xerolycosa.     

Classification of epigeic spiders (Araneae) at the western part of the Carpathians (Slovakia)

The epigeic spider communities of the Western Carpathians are characterised by a high number of species. The great influence of Pannonian elements on the coenoses of the Carpathian hills is evident. The habitats of the Western Carpathians differ from each other, and several types of microclimatic conditions are there. These facts affect the spider fauna. The epigeic spider communities of the western part of the Carpathians, represented by the Devínska Kobyla hill, were characterized by the constant presence of four species at all study sites — Dysdera erythrina, Agroeca cuprea, Pardosa lugubris and Trochosa terricola. Principal components analysis confirmed the high proportion of Trochosa terricola, Eresus moravicus and Scotina celans in the epigeic spider community of the steppe. In contrast, the presence of Coelotes inermis, Histopona torpida and Haplodrassus silvestris was important in the oak forest. Bray-Curtis analyses confirmed that the spider community of the oak forest differed. The migration and penetration of the species with high vagility was an important fact that affected the spider community in the ecotones. Based on the analysis of the araneocoenoses in the Western Carpathians, spiders were grouped into four categories — leaders, typical spiders, specific spiders and tourist species.     

农田蜘蛛群落结构及其多样性研究

本文对南宁地区农田自然蜘蛛群落和旱地狼蛛亚群落结构及其多样性进行了研究。 1.农田区蜘蛛群落有14科、41属、80种。主要成分是食虫瘤胸蛛、拟环纹狼蛛、拟水狼蛛、奇异獾蛛和豹蛛属种类,个体数以食虫瘤胸蛛最多。旱地狼蛛亚群落主要成分是奇异獾蛛和豹蛛属种类。 2.稻田区蜘蛛群落多样性指数以田埂杂草群落最高,早稻田群落最低。多样性、均匀度和种类丰富度时间格局是早、晚稻皆随时间序列增加。平均多样性、均匀度和个体数,晚稻均高于早稻。狼蛛更群落多样性和均匀度以草地最高。 3.应用群落比例相似性和聚类分析表明,拟环纹狼蛛与拟水狼蛛和奇异獾蛛与豹蛛属种类是组成当地农田区的水田和旱地生境具有代表性的两个狼蛛亚群落主要成分。 本文试图揭示农田生态系统中的稻田蜘蛛,在不受化学农药干扰下群落结构及其多样性变化,并以狼蛛亚群落为代表,比较农田区内不同生境的群落结构及多样性与生境生态特征的关系,为害虫防治和动物资源的利用提供参考。     

香蕉园蜘蛛群落研究

香蕉园蜘蛛群落组成隶属于１７科４８属７１种。跳蛛科、球蛛科、狼蛛科、肖峭科、皿蛛科和抚蛛科是优势科。种类以跳蛛、数量以抚蛛最多。群落垂直分层结构明显。广西抚蛛与草间钻头蛛,幼豹蛛与类奇异獾蛛分别是植株叶片和地面群落的优势种群。群落多样性地面高于植株。植株层间的相似性高于植株与地面之间的相似性。植株叶片上的蜂蛛与昆虫数量消长相关极显著。     

Phylogenetic relationships of Central European wolf spiders (Araneae: lycosidae) inferred from 12S ribosomal DNA sequences

We have analyzed a sequence dataset of a portion of mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene of the ribosomal small subunit for 27 species of the family Lycosidae (wolf spiders) from Central Europe, belonging to six genera (Alopecosa, Arctosa, Pardosa, Pirata, Trochosa, and Xerolycosa) and four subfamilies (Evippinae, Lycosinae, Pardosinae and Venoniinae). Phylogenetic analyses were performed in two steps and corroborate the monophyly of all the genera analyzed with strong bootstrap support. In the first step focusing on the most ancestral splits the genus Pirata consistently emerged as the most ancestral branch, followed by the two genera Arctosa and Xerolycosa, with conflicting branching order, however. The second step of analysis placed Xerolycosa more ancestral than Arctosa. Arctosa appeared as sister group to the genera Alopecosa, Trochosa, and Pardosa. The palearctic genus Xerolycosa was not yet included in previous studies derived from morphological characters, but its placement based on mtDNA sequences is in good agreement to that according to current diagnostic morphological features. Further, the single representative of the genus Arctosa examined in our study was placed at a more ancestral position than in a previous investigation based on phenotypic characters. The superimposition of the currently used diagnostic phenotypic characters on the DNA-based phylogeny shows that both character sets are widely congruent; only 3 out of 16 phenotypic characters were resolved as homoplasious, suggesting their parallel evolution and/or reversal. Among the three different styles of predation found in the Lycosids, tube builders appear to be the most ancestral from which burrow dwellers descended and from which two groups of vagrant hunters evolved in parallel.     

Odonata fauna of Khuzestan province (Iran) with a note on an Oriental species Trithemis aurora (Burmeister, 1839) as a new record for the south-west of Iran

This paper presents a survey of spider species that have not been previously recorded for Israel. Twenty species, twelve genera and two families (Mysmenidae and Phyxelididae) are recorded for the first time in Israel. Nine species, Agroeca parva Bosmans, 2011, Aulonia kratochvili Dunin et al., 1986, Ero flammeola Simon, 1881, Hogna ferox (Lucas, 1838), Maculoncus parvipalpus Wunderlich, 1995, Neon rayi (Simon, 1875), Pardosa aenigmatica Tongiorgi, 1966 and Phyxelida anatolica Griswold, 1990, are illustrated. Tarentula jaffa Strand, 1913, syn. n. is synonymised with Hogna ferox (Lucas, 1838), and Hahnia carmelita Levy, 2007, syn. n. is synonymised with Hahnia nava (Westring, 1851). A possible synonymy of the widespread Prodidomus rufus Hentz, 1847 with P. hispanicus Dalmas, 1919 known from the Iberian Peninsula is discussed. An original combination is restored for Trochosa urbana O.P.-Cambridge, 1876.     

New Coleoptera records for New Brunswick, Canada: Kateretidae, Nitidulidae, Cerylonidae, Endomychidae, Coccinellidae, and Latridiidae

We report 20 new species records for the Coleoptera fauna in New Brunswick, Canada, five of which are new records for the Maritime provinces, including one species that is new for Canada. One species of Kateretidae, Kateretes pusillus (Thunberg) is newly recorded for New Brunswick and the Maritime provinces. Stelidota octomaculata (Say), Phenolia grossa (Fabricius), andCryptarcha strigatula Parsons of the family Nitidulidae are added to the faunal list of New Brunswick; the latter species is new to the Maritime provinces. Two species of Cerylonidae, Philothermus glabriculus LeConte and Cerylon unicolor (Ziegler), are reported for the first time for New Brunswick. Philothermus glabriculus is new for the Maritime provinces. Two species of Endomychidae, Hadromychus chandleri Bousquet and Leschen and Danae testacea (Ziegler) are newly recorded for New Brunswick. Three species of Coccinelidae, Stethorus punctum punctum (LeConte), Naemia seriata seriata Melsheimer, and Macronaemia episcopalis (Kirby) are added to the provincial list. Macronaemia episcopalis (Kirby) is a species new to the Maritime provinces. Nine species of Latridiidae, Cartodere nodifer (Westwood), Dienerella ruficollis (Marsham), Enicmus aterrimus Motschulsky, Enicmus fictus Fall, Encimus histrio Jay and Tomlin, Lathridius minutus (Linnaeus), Stephostethus productus Rosenhauer, Corticaria elongata (Gyllenhal), and Corticarina longipennis (LeConte) are newly recorded for New Brunswick. Stephostehus productus is newly recorded from Canada. Collection and habitat data are presented for all these species.     

New Coleoptera records from New Brunswick, Canada: Stenotrachelidae, Oedemeridae, Meloidae, Myceteridae, Boridae, Pythidae, Pyrochroidae, Anthicidae, and Aderidae

We report 19 new species records for the faunal list of Coleoptera in New Brunswick, Canada, six of which are new records for the Maritime provinces, and one of which is new Canadian record. We also provide the first recent records for five additional species in New Brunswick. One new species of Stenotrachelidae, Cephaloon ungulare LeConte, is added to the New Brunswick faunal list. Additional records are provided for Cephaloon lepturides Newman, as well the first recent record of Nematoplus collaris LeConte. Two species of Oedemeridae, Asclera puncticollis (Say) and Asclera ruficollis (Say), are newly reported for New Brunswick, and additional locality and bionomic data are provided for Calopus angustus LeConte and Ditylus caeruleus (Randall). The records of Ditylus caerulus are the first recent records for the province. Three species of Meloidae, Epicauta pestifera Werner, Lytta sayi LeConte, and Meloe augustcollis Say are reported the first time for New Brunswick; Epicauta pestifera is newly recorded in Canada. Lacconotus punctatus LeConte and the family Mycteridaeis newly recorded for New Brunswick. The first recent records of Borus unicolor Say (Boridae) are reported from the province. One new species of Pythidae, Pytho siedlitzi Blair, and the first recent records of Pytho niger Kirby are added to the faunal list of New Brunswick. Three species of Pyrochroidae are newly reported for the province, including Pedilus canaliculatus (LeConte) and Pedilus elegans (Hentz), which are new for the Maritime provinces. Five species of Anthicidae and the first recent record of Anthicus cervinus LaFerté-Sénectére are newly reported for New Brunswick. Anthicus melancholicus LaFerté-Sénectère, Sapintus pubescens (LaFerté-Sénectère), Notoxus bifasciatus (LeConte), and Stereopalpus rufipes Casey are new to the Maritime provinces faunal list. Ambyderus granularis (LeConte) is removed from the faunal list of the province. Three species of Aderidae, Vanonus huronicus Casey, Zonantes fasciatus (Melsheimer), and Zonantes pallidusWerner, are newly recorded for New Brunswick; Zonantes fasciatus and Vanonus huronicus are new for the Maritime provinces' faunal list. Collection data, bionomic data, and distribution maps are presented for all these species.