Hydromermis osami n. sp. (Nematoda: Mermithidae) from chironomids eclosing from northern Minnesota waterways

Hydromermis osami n. sp. (Nematoda: Mermithidae) is described from the hemocoel of 2 species of Rheotanytarsus chironomid imagos eclosing from Lake Ozawindib and Gulsvig Landing in northern Minnesota during August 2002 and June and July 2006. The species is distinguished from the other 26 described members of the genus by the terminal mouth; oval, opaque, thick walled amphids, wider than long; acute posterior end; single spicule not bifurcated proximally; well-developed uterine and vulval limbs of the S-shaped vagina; absence of bursal sleeve; absence of nutrient vesicles in the trophosome; and an esophagus length over 40% of body length. Members of the new species emerge from the hosts as adults. The other described Hydromermis species, number of specimens, location, and known hosts are tabulated.     

Hydromermis contorta (Kohn) and Hydromermis pseudocontorta n. sp. from chironomids of Lake Itasca and Long Lake, Minnesota

Hydromermis contorta (Kohn) and Hydromermis pseudocontorta n. sp. are described from chironomids in Lake Itasca and Long Lake, Minnesota, respectively. The former was recovered from adult females of Glyptotendipes paripes (Edwards) and the latter from fourth-instar larvae of Chironomus sp. Hydromermis pseudocontorta n. sp. resembles H. contorta in cephalic structures, overall size, and the presence of a restricted trophosome in the female. The terminal mouth, long uterine and vulvar limbs of the vagina, and the strongly chitinized brownish spicule of H. contorta contrast with the subventral mouth, short vaginal limbs, and the light yellow spicule of H. pseudocontorta n. sp. Both nematode species emerge from the host as sexually mature adults and both species give evidence of mating while in the host. The H. contorta described by Welch is designated as a new species, Hydromermis albionis n. sp.     

A new mermithid nematode in imagos of Cladopelma collator (Townes) (Diptera: Chironomidae) eclosing from waterways in northern Minnesota

Octomyomermis connellyi n. sp. (Nematoda: Mermithidae) is described from the hemocoel of male and female imagos of Cladopelma collator (Townes) eclosing from Lake Ozawindib and from Gulsvig Landing in the upper Mississippi River in northern Minnesota. The species is distinguished from the other species in the genus. Included is a list of the other 9 adequately described members of the genus Octomyomermis that have been reported from the United States (California and Minnesota), Argentina, Russia, and Zambia. Bionomics and anomalies of the new species are addressed.     

A new mermithid nematode from Ablabesmyia monilis (L.) (Diptera: Chironomidae) in northern Minnesota

Limnomermis steineri n. sp. (Nematoda: Mermithidae) is described from the hemocoel of male, female, and intersex imagos of Ablabesmyia (s. str.) monilis (L.) eclosing from Lake Ozawindib and Lake Alice Bog in northern Minnesota during summers 2000-2005. The species is distinguished from other described members of the genus. Paramermis rosea is returned to Limnomermis. A review of adequately described members of the genus is included. One species of the genus has been reported previously from the Nearctic Realm. Emphasis is placed on the need for host identification, larger number of specimens of both mermithid sexes, and information on the intensity of infections to enable more precise range comparisons in mermithid biometrics.     

Description of a new species of myxozoan from Notropis hudsonius in the Great Lakes region of Canada

Myxobolus burti n. sp. is described from striated muscle of Notropis hudsonius (Cyprinidae) collected from localities in Lake Superior, Lake Michigan, Lake Huron, Lake St. Claire, Lake Erie, Lake Ontario, and the St. Lawrence River. Myxobolus burti is intracellular, forming thin-walled, cigar-shaped plasmodia within striated muscle cells of the body. It exhibits disporoblastic, oval spores, approximately 10 μm long, 8 μm wide, and 6 μm thick, with a length-to-width ratio of 1.3 ∶ 1. They resemble most closely those of Myxobolus bellus Kudo, 1934, and Myxobolus mutabilis Kudo, 1934, but have polar capsules unequal in length (5.3 vs. 4.7 μm) and oblique filament coils. The new parasite was not encountered in routine examination of other small-bodied fishes at collection locations and thus looks to be specific to N. hudsonius. A comparative plate of similar species encountered during surveys of these fishes in the northeast is presented to contrast the uniqueness of the new species.     

Mermithid (Nematoda) parasites of Chironomidae (Diptera) in Marion Lake,British Columbia

During a study of the Chironomidae in Marion Lake, British Columbia, 13 speicies representing three subfamilies (Chironominae, Orthocladiinae, and Tanypodinae) were found parasitized by mermithids. Only two species of mermithids were found, Hydromermis contorta and Limnomermis bathybia. The former species appears to have two generations per year. The highest infection levels were found in Chironomus modestus, which, however, does not appear to be a physiologically suitable host.     

Freshwater ascomycetes: two new species of Lindgomyces (Lindgomycetaceae, Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes) from Japan and USA

During independent surveys of freshwater ascomycetes in Japan and USA two new species of Lindgomyces were collected from submerged wood in freshwater. These species are described and illustrated based on morphological data and phylogenetic relationships based on analyses of nuclear ribosomal sequence data (partial SSU and LSU, and ITS). Lindgomyces apiculatus, collected in Japan, is characterized by immersed to erumpent, globose to subglobose ascomata; fissitunicate, cylindrical to clavate asci; and fusiform, one-septate ascospores with acute ends and short terminal appendages. Lindgomyces lemonweirensis, collected in Wisconsin, USA, differs from L. apiculatus in having clavate to cymbiform asci and oblong to fusiform ascospores that are distinctively multiguttulate and surrounded by an oval, ephemeral gelatinous sheath. The new species formed a strongly supported clade within the family Lindgomycetaceae (Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes) based on analyses of combined SSU and LSU sequence data. In addition phylogenetic analyses with ITS sequence data support the establishment of the new taxa as separate species within Lindgomyces because they were separated from each other and other Lindgomyces species based on maximum likelihood bootstrap and Bayesian analyses.     

Choricotyle anisotremi n. sp. (Monogenea: Diclidophoridae) parasitic on Anisotremus scapularis (Tschudi) from the northern Chilean coast

Choricotyle anisotremi n. sp. is described from the gills and on the inner surface of the operculum of Anisotremus scapularis (Pomadasyidae) from the Chilean coast. Distinct characteristics of the new species are: presence of an oval accessory sclerite on the inner quadrant of the clamp adjacent to the accessory sucker; 12 genital hooks; short and stout peduncles, the last pair of which are closely apposed; a lobed seminal receptacle; and a fan-like posthaptor without a terminal lappet.     

Two new species in the Echinoderes coulli group (Echinoderidae,Cyclorhagida, Kinorhyncha) from the Ryukyu Islands,Japan

Two new species belonging to the Echinoderes coulli group are described with their external morphologies and sequences of nuclear 18S rRNA and 28S rRNA genes, and mitochondrial COI gene. The first species, Echinoderes komatsui sp. n., is characterized by absence of acicular spines, and presence of lateroventral tubules on segments 5 and 8, laterodorsal tubules on segment 10, inverted triangle or wide oval shaped large sieve plates, lateral terminal accessory spines in female, and short tips of ventral pectinate fringe on segment 10. The second species, Echinoderes hwiizaa sp. n., is characterized by absence of acicular spines, and presence of lateroventral tubules on segments 5 and 7–9, midlateral tubules on segment 8, laterodorsal tubules on segment 10, large narrow oval shaped sieve plates on segment 9, and thick, short and blunt lateral terminal spines about 10–15% of trunk length. The diagnostic characters and key to species of E. coulli group are provided as well.     

Description of a new species of Proteocephalus pronini sp.n. (Cestoda: proteocephalidae)--a parasite of grayling from lake Hovsgol

A new cestode species, Proteocephalus pronini sp. n., is described from the Lake Hovsgol Grayling Thymallus arcticus nigrescens (Mongolia, Hovsgol Lake). The new species differs from P. thymalli from the Baikal Lake by the length of strobile, number of proglottids, form of mature proglottids, and number of diverticles of uterus.     

A new dicrocoeliid from the bank vole Clethrionomys glareolus (Rodentia: Microtidae) from Poland

A new dicrocoeliid trematode, Brachylecithum glareoli n. sp., is described from the biliary ducts of the bank vole, Clethrionomys glareolus, in southwest Poland. This is the first dicrocoeliid species described in rodents from Poland. It is characterized mainly by the maximum body width at the level of the vitellaria; large, longitudinally oval testes; round, or transversely oval, ovary that is smaller than the testes; vitellaria located in the midbody; cirrus sac dorsally overlapping ventral sucker, but never reaching beyond half of its length; and large, distinctly elongated eggs.     

A new species of Penicillium from the Chilean Tierra del Fuego

A new species of Penicillium is described and illustrated. It is represented by two isolates recovered from sandy soils on the shores of Lake Sarmiento, in the Chilean Tierra del Fuego. The new species clearly differs from all species of the genus described so far among the monoverticillate ones, especially by the unique wall ornamentation pattern as viewed with the SEM. It is therefore, described and proposed as a new taxon: Penicillium lacussarmientei sp. nov.     

Cochliopodium arabianum n. sp. (Amorphea,Amoebozoa)

A new species of Cochliopodium isolated from freshwater at Arabia Lake in Lithonia, GA, USA is described based on light microscopic morphology, fine structure, and molecular genetic evidence. Cochliopodium arabianum n. sp., previously labeled as “isolate Con1” in prior publications, has been shown to group within the genus Cochliopodium in our molecular phylogenetic analysis. Light microscopy and fine structure evidence indicates the new isolate not only shares characters of the genus but also unique distinctive features. Cochliopodium arabianum n. sp. is typically round when stationary; or oval to sometimes broadly flabellate or triangular in shape during locomotion, with average length of 35 μm and breadth of 51 μm. Fine structure evidence indicates C. arabianum n. sp. has tower‐like scales, lacking a terminal spine, sharing high similarity with its closest relative C. actinophorum. However, the scales of C. arabianum n. sp. are unique in height and the breadth of the base plate. Both morphological and molecular data, including SSU‐rDNA and COI, indicate that this new species falls in a clade sufficiently different from other species to suggest that it is a valid new species.     

The genus Argulus (Crustacea: Branchiura) in Africa: two new species,A. fryeri and A. gracilis,the previously undescribed male of A. brachypeltis Fryer and the identity of the male described as A. ambloplites Wilson

Two new species of Argulus Müller, 1785 (Crustacea: Branchiura) are described from Africa. A. fryeri n. sp., parasitic on an unknown fish species collected from Lake Turkana, Kenya, is characterised by: deep antero-lateral depressions which delimit a pronounced frontal region; robust, square second maxillae ornamented with numerous small, simple scales; and the shape of the respiratory areas. The most distinctive features of A. gracilis n. sp., parasitic on Auchenoglanis occidentalis var. tanganicanus collected from Lake Tanganyika, are the anterior spines on the first antennae and the shape of the respiratory areas. A. brachypeltis Fryer, previously known only from the female, is characterised by: a narrow, elongate body with foreshortened carapace lobes; small, slender terminal spines on the first antennae; and short terminal segments on the second maxillae with minute claws. The identity of the male described as A. ambloplites Wilson is discussed and renamed A. confusus nom. nov.     

A new genus and species of freshwater monostiliferous hoplonemertean (Nemertea, Enopla) from the People's Republic of China

A new genus and species of freshwater monostiliferous hoplonemertean, Limnemertes poyangensis gen. et sp. nov., from Poyang Lake, People's Republic of China, is described and illustrated. The taxon is compared and contrasted with previously described freshwater hoplonemerteans. This is the fourth species of freshwater nemertean to be described from China and the first recorded from Poyang Lake.     

A new species of Stomatostemma (Periplocaceae) from Mozambique, Africa

VENTER, H.J. T. & FIELD, D. V., 1989. A new species of Stomatostemma (Periplocaceae) from Mozambique, Africa. A new species of Stomatostemma is described from Mozambique. 11 is [he second species distinguished in the genus Stomatostemma N.E. Br., the other being S. monteiroae (Oliv.) N.E. Br., which was also described from Mozambique. The new species is distinguished from.V. monteiroae by being a virgate shrub, by the pendulous terminal branches and inflorescences, by the long and frail peduncles and pedicels and by the long clavate corona lobes.     

Syphacia longaecauda n. sp. (Nematoda: Oxyuridae) syphacinea from Melomys spp. (Muridae: Hydromyinae) from Papua New Guinea and Irian Jaya, Indonesia

A new oxyurid nematode Syphacia (Syphacia) longaecauda n. sp. is described from the caecum and colon of the hydromyine rodents Melomys monktoni (type host) and M. rubex from Papua New Guinea and Irian Jaya, Indonesia. Syphacia longaecauda has an oval, laterally extended, relatively large cephalic plateau and can be distinguished from other species of Syphacia with similar characters by, amongst other features, tail length. The significance of the distribution of S. longaecauda, apparently restricted to New Guinea, is discussed.     

Micropacteridae, a new family of Remipedia (Crustacea) from the Turks and Caicos Islands

Recent diving explorations of anchialine caves on the Turks and Caicos Islands yielded a rather small and slender new species of Remipedia. Micropacter yagerae n. gen., n. sp. is distinguished from all other species of nectiopod remipedes by a number of autapomorphic characters, including an oval body terminus with fused segments, unequal pairs of terminal claws on maxilla and maxilliped, an almost complete reduction of sternal bars and pleurotergites, molar processes with relatively few, but strong spines, and frontal filaments with bifurcate processes. Based on the unique combination of derived and primitive characters, we propose to erect a new family, Micropacteridae, for this new species and genus of Remipedia. Taxonomic diagnoses for the class Remipedia, order Nectiopoda (emended due to discovery that the maxilliped is 9-segmented), and for the families Speleonectidae and Godzilliidae are presented and discussed.     

A new species of Tropodiaptomus (Gopepoda, Calanoida) from Lake Turkana, Kenya

Tropodiaptomus turkanae sp. nov. is described from Lake Turkana (formerly Lake Rudolph), Kenya. After years of confusion with T. banforanus , the identity of this taxon as an endemic of Lake Turkana is established. The species is described, and its relationship with other Tropodiaptomus species discussed.     

New hominids from East Turkana,Kenya

Thirty-five new fossil hominid specimens are described. They were recovered from the Plio-Pleistocene sediments to the east of Lake Turkana (formerly Lake Rudolf). They include cranial and mandibular parts, teeth, and postcranial bones of upper and lower limbs. Parts of a single skeleton are also described. All of the specimens are described in anatomical detail and selected measurements are given. Some of the specimens are illustrated. It is proposed that they should be attributed to the family Hominidae, with genus and species undetermined until detailed comparative studies have been undertaken.