居室弄蝶：蝴蝶兰的栽培与管理

近几年,蝴蝶兰越来越多地出现在各地的花展和花市上。她的花朵大、色彩绚丽、花姿优雅,花期长达l－2个月,素有“兰花皇后”的美誉。蝴蝶兰（PhaL比＂opshspp）属兰科植物,是“洋兰”的一个类群。其叶互生,表面有蜡质光泽。花茎修长,花朵形如蝴坡,故而得名。人工栽培蝴蝶兰已有一百多年的历史,但由于蝴蝶兰属单茎性兰,只有一个生长点,又不易通过分株来繁殖,在自然条件下,种子难发芽,所以蝴蝶兰显得弥足珍贵。进入本世纪80年代末,蝴蝶兰可以通过生物技术进行大量复制,可以生产出众多性状一致的幼苗,使得工厂化生产蝴蝶兰成为…     

兰花快速无性繁殖的研究及花芽分化的探讨

兰科植物约有450属:15000～20000种,其中可栽培的约2000种。中国兰花属于兰科(Orchidaceae)兰属(Cymbidium)。Morel-(1960)利用植物组织培养技术将兰花茎尖分生组织诱导形成原球茎并分化成植株,导致兰花栽培技术变革,建立了兰花工业。(Rao 1977, Arditti 1977)。国外商品化生产的兰类主要是气生兰类。我国的蕙兰是价值很高的观赏植物,但目前仍采用古老的分株繁殖法,在盆栽     

饮酒可导致睡眠呼吸障碍

蝴蝶兰是世界上栽培最广泛、最普及的洋兰品种之一．素有“洋兰王后”的美称。它以色彩艳丽,品种多样,姿态婀娜博得世人的青睐。蝴蝶兰属单轴型兰花,一生只产生1条主茎和1个生长点,所以普通的营养繁殖只能利用开花后梗节间生出的小莆来实施,严重制约其扩繁速度。蝴蝶兰有性繁殖需经人工授粉才能获得种子、每一荚果中可产生约1万～100万粒种子,     

国家重点保护野生植物介绍——蝴蝶兰属

<正>蝴蝶兰属（Phalaenopsis）是兰科中最具园艺价值的类群,蝴蝶兰因其色彩艳丽,外形酷似蝴蝶而得名,已培育出很多观赏品种,成为极受人们喜爱的兰花,被誉为“兰花皇后”。基于分子证据的蝴蝶兰属植物研究进展,蝴蝶兰属归并了羽唇兰属。袋距兰属、象鼻兰属、萼脊兰属、湿唇兰属、五唇兰属等属,合并后的蝴蝶兰属全世界共有70种野生种,中国分布有18种,     

昆玉葡萄的组织培养快速繁殖

昆玉葡萄是昆明地区栽培的一个优质、高产的葡萄品种。但目前种源较少不能满足生产的需要。用组织培养方法有可能提供大量种苗。葡萄的组织培养已有一些报道,但未提供完整的组织培养快速繁殖法。本文报道昆玉葡萄组织培养的快速繁殖法。     

短距槽舌兰的驯化栽培与快速繁殖

为促进短距槽舌兰的资源驯化栽培, 本文对其生物学特性、生长发育规律和组织培养快速繁殖技术进行了研究。对开花植株进行人工授粉, 取种子进行观察发现, 授粉后140 d 种子才达到成熟状态; 将其接种在无植物生长调节剂的RE培养基上, 萌发率可达90%以上。将萌发的种子转接在RE＋0.2 mg·L-1 NAA＋0.2 mg·L-1 6-BA＋5 g·L-1椰粉＋2 g·L-1水解酪蛋白的培养基上可诱导原球茎大量增殖。最适壮苗生根培养基为RE＋0.6 mg·L-1 NAA＋0.2 mg·L-1 6-BA＋80 g·L-1香蕉泥, 生根率100%。试管苗移栽到直径0.3-1.7 cm的小号细树皮盆栽中, 成活率在95%以上, 试管苗栽培6个月后可分化花芽, 这为短距槽舌兰的产业化生产奠定了基础。     

利用组织培养快速繁殖龙胆

东北龙胆(Gentiana manshurica kitagawa)是我省重要的中草药,近年来野生资源已遭到严重破坏,人工栽培发芽率低,繁殖有一定困难,利用组织培养可以快速繁殖龙胆的优良无性系,为生产提供大量的可栽培的幼苗.目前在组织培养中多利用MS培养基,本文对MS培养基加以改进,并探索哪些培养基对转化的龙胆生长发育更为适宜,结果表明,在1/2、1/4MS培养基和无机盐培养基上,龙胆苗的长势、分株及根系生长较MS培养基好,从经济效益上看,1/2无机盐培养基是培养龙胆最适宜的简化培养基,从培养基中糖的种类、浓度来看,2%以的蔗糖浓度繁殖龙胆苗更适宜.同时也表明,发根农杆菌的转化对龙胆的快速繁殖有促进作用.     

浩浩巴的组织培养快速繁殖研究

浩浩巴(Simmondsia chinensis)为多年生的常绿灌木,其种子含有45—50%的液态蜡,可代替鲸蜡油,具有极高的经济价值。世界各地许多国家都积极引种栽培,但浩浩巴是雌雄异株植物。播种繁殖往往雄株偏多,而且苗期性别难以区别。因此要发展浩浩巴植物,就需要改进繁殖和培育方法,利用浩浩巴的成年优株进行组织培养快速繁殖,可按比例的种植雌雄株和加速优良植株的繁殖,为此,我们进行了浩浩巴成年植株组织培养快速繁殖的研究。     

蝴蝶兰瓶播培养小试验

蝴蝶兰是世界上栽培最广泛、最普及的洋兰品种之一,素有"洋兰王后"的美称.它以色彩艳丽,品种多样,姿态婀娜博得世人的青睐.蝴蝶兰属单轴型兰花,一生只产生1条主茎和1个生长点,所以普通的营养繁殖只能利用开花后梗节间生出的小苗来实施,严重制约其扩繁速度.蝴蝶兰有性繁殖需经人工授粉才能获得种子.每一荚果中可产生约1万～100万粒种子,但其种子极小,发育不全,没有胚乳,自然条件下播种极难萌发.通过无菌瓶播人工培养,能够在短时间内获得大量的幼小植株,是现阶段经济有效的快繁方法之一,这种方法在兰花工业化生产中得到广泛的应用并获得了大量的利润.     

五唇兰生物学特性及试管繁殖的研究

五唇兰为我国自有的亚热带附生兰,数量稀少,甚为罕见。本文叙述了它的生物学特性,野生幼苗驯化栽培和组织培养。五唇兰的组织培养国内外未见报道,五唇兰组织培养的成功有助我国稀有兰种资源的开发利用。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.