Objective: In this study, we have reviewed the recent updates on the association of JNK pathway with OA.
Methods: In this review, we have explored the databases like PubMed, Google Scholar, Medline, Scopus, etc., and collected the most relevant papers of JNK signaling pathway involved in the pathogenesis and therapeutics of OA
Results: JNK has been shown by scientific studies to be activated (phosphorylated) in OA that can play a key role in the cartilage destruction. Activation of JNK causes the phosphorylation of c-Jun that causes decreased proteoglycan synthesis and enhanced production of matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP-13). Overproduction of MMP-13 by chondrocytes plays a central role in cartilage degeneration in OA. Thus, targeting JNK pathway might be a promising therapeutic application for the prevention and treatment of OA. A number of JNK-inhibitors have been used in vitro and in vivo studies; however, not yet been translated into human use.
Conclusions: This review study indicates that JNK pathway plays an important role in development and progression of OA, and targeting the JNK pathway might be a potential approach for the treatment of OA in future. 相似文献
Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma 相似文献
Objective: This review aimed to highlight biomarker characterisation and assessment of unique bacterial pili.
Methods: A PubMed search for bacterial pili, diagnostics, vaccine and therapeutics was performed, with emphasis on the well characterised pili.
Results: In total, 46 papers were identified and reviewed.
Conclusion: Extensive analyses of pili enabled by advanced nanotechnology and whole genome sequencing provide evidence that they are strong biomarker candidates. Mycobacterium tuberculosis curli pili are emphasised as important epitopes for the development of much needed point-of-care diagnostics and therapeutics. 相似文献
Mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (c-Met) is a member of receptor tyrosine kinase. It involves in various cellular signaling pathways which includes proliferation, motility, migration, and invasion. Over-expression of c-Met has been reported in various cancers. Hence, it is an ideal therapeutic target for cancer. The main objective of the study is to identify crucial residues involved in the inhibition of c-Met kinase and to design a series of potent imidazo [4,5-b] pyrazine derivatives as c-Met inhibitors. Docking was used to identify important active site residues involved in the inhibition of c-Met kinase which was further validated by 100 ns of molecular dynamics simulation and free energy calculation using molecular mechanics generalized born surface area. Furthermore, binding energy decomposition identified that residues Tyr1230, Met1211, Asp1222, Tyr1159, Met1160, Val1092, Ala1108, and Leu1157 contributed favorably to the binding stability of compound 32. Receptor-guided Comparative Molecular Field Analysis (CoMFA) (q2 = 0.751, NOC = 6, r2 = 0.933) and Comparative Molecular Similarity Indices Analysis (COMSIA) (q2 = 0.744, NOC = 6, r2 = 0.950) models were generated based on the docked conformation of the most active compound 32. The robustness of these models was tested using various validation techniques and found to be predictive. The results of CoMFA and CoMSIA contour maps exposed the regions favorable to enhance the activity. Based on this information, 27 novel c-Met inhibitors were designed. These designed compounds exhibited potent activity than the most active compound of the existing dataset.
Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma 相似文献
Objective: To identify potential epigenomic biomarkers of health in women aged 18–40 participating in a six-month lifestyle intervention, next level health.
Materials and methods: Methylation data were obtained by reduced representation bisulphite sequencing of 21 female intervention participants as well as three non-participants. The Differential Methylation Analysis Package (DMAP) was used to investigate inter- and intra-individual variability and to identify potential targets of transient epigenetic control in the population studied.
Results: Eleven genes were identified as significantly differentially methylated post- intervention in all 21 participants. 1884 genomic locations were found to be differentially methylated amongst the total female population studied representing potential epigenomic biomarkers.
Conclusions: The ability to demonstrate epigenetic changes arising from a lifestyle intervention can provide key information on the relationship between gene regulation, human behaviour and health. 相似文献
Objective: An in vitro-validated whole-blood assay of phosphorylated ribosomal protein S6 (pS6RP) was evaluated for confounders to monitor the mTOR-inhibitor everolimus (ERL).
Materials and methods: Whole blood samples from 87 heart transplant recipients were analyzed for pS6RP-expression in CD3-positive T-cells by phospho-flow analysis.
Results: ERL blood concentration, laboratory parameters, co-medications, demographic and clinical data were reviewed.
Conclusion: Evaluating the pS6RP-assay revealed that pS6RP is influenced by cyclosporine A (CsA) blood concentration, duration of ERL treatment, co-medication with thiazide diuretics and different metabolic parameters. 相似文献
Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma 相似文献
Objective: The objective of this study is to explored novel biomarkers for phospholipidosis using a metabolomic approach.
Method: NMR spectrometry and LC/MS/MS analyses were applied to urine and plasma of rats administrated cationic amphiphilic drugs.
Results: The phenylacetylglycine to hippuric acid ratio in plasma was increased in time and dose-dependent manners; and it was well correlated with histopathological observation.
Conclusion: The plasma phenylacetylglycine to hippuric acid ratio is a potential marker in monitoring drug-induced phospholipidosis. 相似文献
Objective: The aim of study was to assess the usefulness of epidermal growth factor (EGF), growth differentiation factor (GDF)-15, and survivin as novel markers of biocompatibility in dialyzed children.
Materials and methods: Parameters were assessed by ELISA in 19 patients on hemodialysis and 22 children on peritoneal dialysis.
Results: Serum concentrations of analyzed parameters in children on chronic dialysis differed significantly from controls and depended strongly on the dialysis technique.
Conclusions: EGF, GDF-15, and survivin may serve as new biocompatibility markers in children on chronic dialysis. 相似文献
Objective: Evaluation of micronuclei (MN) as a screening marker of occupational ionizing radiation (IR) exposure.
Materials and methods: Using micronucleus test, peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of 402 control and exposed subjects were screened for genetic damage.
Results: The mean frequencies of micronucleus test parameters were significantly higher in exposed persons. Increase of micronucleus yield with duration of exposure (DOE) by 0.303MN/year was revealed.
Discussion and conclusion: The obtained data encourage us to consider MN as valuable markers for preventive medical screening of occupationally exposed groups. 相似文献
Objective: To characterize by in vitro biochemical and in silico studies the NBDHEX analogues named MC2752 and MC2753.
Materials and methods: Synthesis of MC2752 and MC2753, biochemical assays and in silico docking and normal-mode analyses.
Results: The presence of a hydrophobic moiety in the side chain of MC2753 confers unique features to this molecule. Unlike its parent drug NBDHEX, MC2753 does not require GSH to trigger the dissociation of the complex between GSTP1-1 and TRAF2, and displays high stability towards the nucleophilic attack of the tripeptide under physiological conditions.
Discussion and conclusion: MC2753 may represent a lead compound for the development of novel GSTP1-1 inhibitors not affected in their anticancer action by fluctuations of cellular GSH levels, and characterized by an increased half-life in vivo. 相似文献
Objective: The aim of this study was to produce semisolid nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) formulations, for topical delivery of the corticosteroid drug, diflucortolone valerate (DFV), with minimum systemic absorption.
Method: NLC formulations were developed using a high shear homogenization combined with sonication, using Precirol® ATO5 or Tristearin® as the solid lipid, Capryol? or isopropyl myristate as the liquid lipid and Poloxamer® 407 as surfactant. The present study addresses the influence of different formulations composition as solid lipid, liquid lipid types and concentrations on the physicochemical properties and drug release profile from NLCs.
Results and discussion: DFV-loaded NLC formulations possessed average particle size ranging from 160.40?nm to 743.7?nm with narrow polydispersity index. The encapsulation efficiency was improved by adding the lipid-based surfactants (Labrasol® and Labrafil® M1944CS) to reach 68%. The drug release from the investigated NLC formulations showed a prolonged release up to 12?h. The dermatopharmacokinetic study revealed an improvement in drug deposition in the skin with the optimized DFV-loaded NLC formulation, in contrast to a commercial formulation.
Conclusion: NLC provides a promising nanocarrier system that work as reservoir for targeting topical delivery of DFV. 相似文献
Objective: The aim of this work was to investigate whether serum methionine and its related compounds like homocysteine, cysteine, glutathione and asymmetric dimethylarginine were changed in multiple sclerosis patients.
Materials and methods: Sulphur-containing compounds were determined by using high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection in a single run for providing more complex view on methionine metabolism and asymmetric dimetylarginine was measured by a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit.
Results: Methionine and glutathione were decreased, but homocysteine, asymmetric dimethylarginine and cysteine were unchanged in patients with multiple sclerosis compared with controls.
Conclusions: Methionine and glutathione seem to be potential biomarkers for prognosis of the disease. 相似文献
Objectives: We have examined the incremental value of Big-ET-1 in predicting total and CV mortality next to the well-established CV risk marker N-Terminal Pro-B-Type Natriuretic Peptide (NT-proBNP).
Methods: Big-ET-1 and NT-proBNP were determined in 2829 participants referred for coronary angiography (follow-up 9.9 years).
Results: Big-ET-1 is an independent predictor of total, CV mortality and death due to CHF.
Discussion: The conjunct use of Big-ET-1 and NT-proBNP improves the risk stratification of patients with intermediate to high risk of CV death and CHF.
Conclusions: Big-ET-1improves risk stratification in patients referred for coronary angiography. 相似文献
Objective: Measure polar volatile organic compounds (PVOCs) excreted in urine to document endogenous metabolites and exogenous compounds from environmental exposures.
Methods: Use headspace collection and sorbent tube thermal desorption coupled with bench-top gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for targeted and non-targeted approaches. Identify and categorize PVOCs that may distinguish among healthy and affected individuals.
Results: Method is successfully demonstrated to tabulate a series of 28 PVOCs detected in human urine across 120 samples from 28 human subjects. Median concentrations range from below detect to 165?ng/mL. Certain PVOCs have potential health implications.
Conclusions: Headspace collection with sorbent tubes is an effective method for documenting PVOCs in urine that are otherwise difficult to measure. This methodology can provide probative information regarding biochemical processes and adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) for toxicity testing. 相似文献
Objective: To analyse the relationships between serum leptin, vitamin D status, muscle strength and physical performance in OA patients.
Methods: A total of 208 knee OA patients were enrolled. Serum leptin, vitamin D, muscle strength and physical performance were evaluated.
Results: OA patients with sarcopenic obesity had significantly higher serum leptin levels than those with non-sarcopenic obesity. In addition, knee OA patients with sarcopenic obesity displayed low grip strength and poor physical performance. Furthermore, high serum leptin was negatively associated with vitamin D and physical performance.
Conclusions: Serum leptin levels were correlated with low vitamin D, reduced muscle strength and functional impairment, suggesting that serum leptin might serve as a biomarker reflecting physical performance in OA patients. 相似文献
Objective: The aim of this study was to design and optimize new simvastatin drug delivery systems; lipid nanocapsules intended for administration through the intravenous route as potential treatment for breast cancer.
Methods: Optimized nanocapsules were prepared by the phase-inversion method according to a D-optimal mixture design, characterized and assessed for their cytotoxicity.
Results: Three successful models for particle size, polydispersity index (PDI) and percentage of drug released after 48 h were generated. The prepared lipid nanocapsules acquired spherical and homogenous morphology, good stability and tolerance to sterilization. The obtained release profiles demonstrated desired sustained release pattern. Furthermore, testing selected formulations on human breast cancer adenocarcinoma cells showed augmented cytotoxicity of simvastatin reaching low IC50 values as 1.4?±?0.02 μg/ml compared to the pure drug.
Conclusion: The proposed lipid nanocapsules pose promising candidates as simvastatin carriers intended for the targeting of breast cancer. 相似文献
Areas covered: This review attempts to summarize the basic aspects of prenylation integrating them with biological functions in diseases and giving an account of the current status of prenylation inhibitors as potential therapeutics. We also summarize the methodologies for the characterization of this modification.
Expert commentary: The growing body of evidence suggesting an important role of prenylation in diseases and the subsequent development of inhibitors of the enzymes responsible for this modification lead to the urgent need to identify the full spectrum of prenylated proteins that are altered in the disease or affected by drugs. Proteomic tools to analyze prenylated proteins are recently emerging, thanks to the advancement in the field of mass spectrometry coupled to enrichment strategies. 相似文献
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of midregional (MR)-proadrenomedullin in AMI complicated by CS.
Methods: Forty-seven consecutive patients were included in our prospective observational study. All patients underwent coronarography and successful percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Plasma levels of MR-proADM were measured by a immunofluorescence method. The primary endpoint of the study, defined as cardiovascular death, occurred in 17 patients (36%).
Results and conclusion: Elevated plasma level of MR-proADM, determined 24?h after diagnosis of CS could be a predictor of in-hospital mortality in patients with AMI complicated by CS. 相似文献
Areas covered: Herein, we review the recent advances and challenges in proteomics studies on cancer drug resistance with an emphasis on biomarker discovery, as well as understanding the interconnectivity of proteins in disease-related signaling pathways. In addition, we highlight the critical role that post-translational modifications (PTMs) play in the mechanisms of cancer drug resistance.
Expert opinion: Revealing changes in proteome profiles and the role of PTMs in drug-resistant cancer is key to deciphering the mechanisms of treatment resistance. With the development of sensitive and specific mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics and related technologies, it is now possible to investigate in depth potential biomarkers and the molecular mechanisms of cancer drug resistance, assisting the development of individualized therapeutic strategies for cancer patients. 相似文献