Abbreviations: DNS: 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid; RBB-xylan: Remazol Brilliant Blue-xylan 相似文献
Chard suffered phytotoxicity at low pH and accumulated up to 90 mg Cd kg–1 on the biosolids amended mine soil. The maize inbred accumulated up to 45 mg Cd kg–1 with only mild phytotoxicity symptoms during early growth at pH > 6.0. N. caerulescens did not exhibit phytotoxicity symptoms at any pH, and accumulated up to 235 mg Cd kg–1 in 3 months. Reharvested N. caerulescens accumulated up to 900 mg Cd kg–1 after 10 months. Neither Alyssum nor 90% of rice genotypes survived acceptably.
Both N. caerulescens and B37 maize show promise for Cd phytoextraction in IL and require field evaluation; both plants could be utilized for nearly continuous Cd removal. Other maize inbreds may offer higher Cd phytoextraction at lower pH, and mono-cross hybrids higher shoot biomass yields. Further, maize grown only for biomass Cd maximum removal could be double-cropped. 相似文献
Aims: To characterise native root-nodule bacteria isolated from B. pelecinus from the Iberian Peninsula, and to select suitable N fixers for field-application and soil rehabilitation.
Methods: Strains were isolated and molecularly identified by 16S rRNA amplification and sequencing. Strains were phenotypically characterised in different abiotic conditions (acidity, salinity and heavy metals) and tested for their ability to fix atmospheric N2. The most suitable N fixers were applied in greenhouse experiments with B. pelecinus under different fertilization levels to assess their tolerance to fertilized and polluted soils, commonly encountered in restoration projects.
Results: B. pelecinus root-nodule isolates tolerated pH from 4.5 to 9.5 grew in saline conditions (2.5% of NaCl), and tolerated 50 µM of Al3+ and Mn2+. Three isolates efficient in N2 fixation, relative to the reference Mesorhizobium strain, were considered excellent candidates for the amelioration of nutrient poor sites.
Conclusions: These results provide valuable information for the potential use in soil restoration of B. pelecinus in a wide-range of conditions, exploiting the natural variability of its root-nodule bacteria. 相似文献
Abbreviations: SAM: S-adenosylmethionine; GPC: α-glycerophosphocholine 相似文献
Extent of ureolysis was maximum in urea control set (88%), followed by set–II (66.4%) and set–I (35.2%). Out of total DIC generated from microbial metabolism and ureolysis in set–I (277.6 mg/l) and set–II (464.9 mg/l), only about 54.1 mg/l and 180.1 mg/l was precipitated as CaCO3, whereas 189.3 mg/l and 231.3 mg/l DIC escaped into headspace, respectively. Increased time separation between ureolysis and calcification steps in set–II and higher dosage of Ca2+ resulted in synergistic improvement in DIC capture. In a reusability test, the spent supernatant from set–II could precipitate additional amount CaCO3from CO2saturated water,which was twice as much as that of the fresh media control. 相似文献
Aims: In order to assess the effects of large herbivores on above-ground vegetation (AGV) and soil seed bank (SSB) characteristics, intensively sheep-grazed areas were compared to adjacent areas where grazing had been removed 10 years previously in a sub-alpine grassland of northern Iran.
Methods: A total of 40 4-m2 (2 m × 2 m) plots were established in each treatment, and soil samples were collected from each plot within a depth of 10 cm. Plant species composition was determined for each plot during the flowering stage of herbaceous species in June 2011. The seedling emergence method was used to estimate SSB composition.
Results: A total of 45 species (23 annuals and 22 perennials) emerged from the soil samples of the grazed area, while the number of species emerged from the soil samples of the previously grazing area was 76 (37 annuals and 39 perennials). The removal of grazing led to a significant increase in species richness and seed density in the SSB. Species turnover of AGV was higher, and that of the SSB was similar for grazed areas compared with areas that were formerly grazed. Detrended correspondence analysis ordination of AGV composition showed a clearly separate structure between grazed plots and plots where grazing has been removed, while the segregation was less clear for SSB composition.
Conclusions: We concluded that restoration of locally degraded sites cannot rely on the SSB when grazing is stopped simultaneously and unvegetated gaps are colonised by vegetative growth rather than by seed. 相似文献
Objective: To identify the extent to which TRPA1 ion channels are involved in modulating CM contractile function and elucidate the cellular mechanism of action.
Methods and Results: Freshly isolated CMs were obtained from murine heart and loaded with Fura-2 AM. Simultaneous measurement of intracellular free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) and contractility was performed in individual CMs paced at 0.3 Hz. Our findings demonstrate that TRPA1 stimulation with AITC results in a dose-dependent increase in peak [Ca2+]i and a concomitant increase in CM fractional shortening. Further analysis revealed a dose-dependent acceleration in time to peak [Ca2+]i and velocity of shortening as well as an acceleration in [Ca2+]i decay and velocity of relengthening. These effects of TRPA1 stimulation were not observed in CMs pre-treated with the TRPA1 antagonist, HC-030031 (10 µmol/L) nor in CMs obtained from TRPA1?/? mice. Moreover, we observed no significant increase in cAMP levels or PKA activity in response to TRPA1 stimulation and the PKA inhibitor peptide (PKI 14–22; 100 nmol/L) failed to have any effect on the TRPA1-mediated increase in CM contractile function. However, TRPA1 stimulation resulted in a rapid phosphorylation of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) (1–5 min) that correlated with increases in CM [Ca2+]i and contractile function. Finally, all aspects of TRPA1-dependent increases in CM [Ca2+]i, contractile function and CaMKII phosphorylation were virtually abolished by the CaMKII inhibitors, KN-93 (10 µmol/L) and autocamtide-2-related peptide (AIP; 20 µmol/L).
Conclusions: These novel findings demonstrate that stimulation of TRPA1 ion channels in CMs results in activation of a CaMKII-dependent signaling pathway resulting in modulation of intracellular Ca2+ availability and handling leading to increases in CM contractile function. Cardiac TRPA1 ion channels may represent a novel therapeutic target for increasing the inotropic and lusitropic state of the heart. 相似文献
Aims: To explore the vulnerability of these transitional forests to changes in land use and climate, we evaluated the effects of fragmentation and climatic variables on forest structure.
Methods: We measured the diameter and height of 14,185 trees with diameter ≥10 cm at 24 forest plots distributed over an area of 25,000 km2. For each plot, we obtained data on contemporary fragmentation and climatic variables.
Results: Forest structure variables (height, diameter, height:diameter allometry, biomass) varied significantly both within and among plots. The height, H:D and biomass of trees were positively correlated with annual precipitation and fragment area.
Conclusions: The association between forest structure and precipitation indicates that these forests plots are likely to be vulnerable to dry season intensification anticipated for the southern edge of the Amazon. Additionally, the reduction in the fragment area may contribute to reductions in forest biomass and tree height, and consequently ecosystem carbon stocks. Given the likely susceptibility of these forests, urgent conservation action is needed to prevent further habitat degradation. 相似文献
Aims: To evaluate the effects of the fragmentation and loss of habitat (size, edge effect, isolation and type of matrix) the richness, abundance, diversity and species composition of ferns in Atlantic forest fragments.
Methods: For each of 11 fragments, plots of 10 × 20 m2 were compared in the interior and at the forest edge. Data were analysed by general linear models, or by the use of similarity indices for floristic composition.
Results: Eighty-eight species were recorded. Fragment size and type of environment (interior vs. edge) were related to the biological variables studied: large fragments and forest interior environments had larger populations of ferns, with a higher diversity. Floristic compositions were distinct for both the interior vs. edge environments and large vs. small fragments.
Conclusions: Although larger fragments present a higher number of species, the preservation of smaller fragments, which have a different suite of species from those found in the large fragments, is important to guarantee the maintenance of the highest number of fern species in the Atlantic forest. Small fragments are not merely subsets of the species occurring in the larger fragments. The turnover in the species composition between fragments of different size suggests high spatial variability in the study area. 相似文献
SJL and objective sleep measures (total sleep time, sleep onset latency, wake after sleep onset and sleep efficiency) were derived from personal rest/activity monitoring (armband actigraphy) among 390 healthy adults 21–35 years old. Participants wore the device for 6–10 days at 6-month intervals over a 2-year period (n = 1431 repeated observations). Chronotypes were categorized into morning, intermediate and evening groups using repeated measures latent class analysis. Means of SJL and sleep measures among latent chronotype groups were compared using partial F-tests in generalized linear mixed models. Generalized linear mixed models also were used to generate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) examining the relationship between repeated measures of chronotype, SJL, sleep and concurrent anthropometric outcome measures (body mass index, percentage of body fat, waist-to-hip ratio, waist-to-height ratio), systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure.
Sleep latency ≥12 min was associated with increased odds of a high waist-to-height ratio (OR = 1.37; CI: 1.03–1.84). Neither chronotype nor SJL was independently associated with anthropometric outcomes or with blood pressure. Relationships between poor sleep and anthropometric outcomes or blood pressure varied by chronotype. Morning types with total sleep time <6 h, sleep efficiency <85% or wake after sleep onset ≥60 min were more likely to have an increased percentage of body fat, waist-to-hip ratio and waist-to-height ratio relative to those with an intermediate chronotype. Similarly, sleep latency ≥12 min was associated with increased odds of elevated systolic blood pressure (OR = 1.90; CI: 1.15–3.16, pinteraction = 0.02) among morning versus intermediate chronotypes. No relationships between poor sleep and obesity or elevated blood pressure were observed among evening chronotypes.
The results from this study among healthy young adults suggest that poor sleep among morning types may be more strongly associated with obesity and elevated blood pressure relative to those with an intermediate (neutral) chronotype. Sleep-related metabolic alterations among different chronotypes warrant further investigation. 相似文献
We hypothesized that lactic acid bacteria ingested with food might utilize purines and contribute to their decreased absorption in the intestines, thereby preventing hyperuricemia. We previously reported that Lactobacillus gasseri PA-3 (PA-3) incorporates adenosine/inosine and related purines and that oral ingestion of PA-3 reduced the absorption of these purines in rats. However, it is unclear whether PA-3 also decreases the absorption of other purines, such as guanosine 5′-monophosphate (GMP) and guanosine. This study investigated whether PA-3 incorporates GMP and guanosine and reduces their absorption in rats.
PA-3 incorporated both purines, with 14C-GMP uptake being greater than that of 14C-guanosine. Radioactivity in rat blood was significantly lower 30, 45, and 60 minutes after administration of 14C-GMP plus PA-3 than after administration of 14C-GMP alone and was significantly lower 15 minutes after administration of 14C-guanosine plus PA-3 than after administration of 14C-guanosine alone.
PA-3 incorporates GMP and guanosine in vitro. Oral administration of PA-3 with GMP and guanosine reduces the intestinal absorption of these purines in vivo. These findings, together with those of previous studies, indicate that PA-3 reduces the absorption of major purines contained in foods. PA-3 may also attenuate the excessive absorption of dietary purines in humans, protecting these individuals against hyperuricemia. 相似文献
The results show that a resin gel thickness of 0.3 mm gives the best reproducibility and response in the absorption of copper by DGT. The amount of copper extracted in a period of 4 h by the devices from the soil solution corresponds to 13% of the total metal present in the solution.
The DGT allowed a more representative estimation of the amount of Cu available in the soil, more in agreement with the absence of symptoms of phytotoxicity in cultivated species. This shows that the determination of available Cu by DTPA must be handled cautiously because in soils with high Cu content the amount of metal that can have direct influence on absorption by the plant is overestimated. 相似文献
Aims: To quantify observer error in population estimation of the rare plant species Physaria filiformis in Missouri, USA.
Methods: The abundance of P. filiformis was estimated within 25-m2 plots by six trained observers with varying experience levels over 10 years. Observers assigned plots to six predefined density classes. A total of 477 plots were estimated annually, and actual counts were conducted on ca. 10% of the plots to assess per cent agreement of estimates with counts.
Results: Over a third of the estimates of plant abundance evaluated for accuracy (36.4%) deviated from exhaustive counts. The majority of the misestimates were underestimates by one density class (29.4%). The number and type of misestimates varied systematically with density class.
Conclusions: Observer error could be explained to some degree by variation in population density, but not by experience. It appears that inherent differences exist among observers that cannot be entirely compensated for by experience or training. Observer error in this system represents a systematic bias, and can be compensated for by use of correction factors, which would ideally be both density class-dependent and observer-specific. 相似文献
Objective: We compared the release of cardiac troponin T (cTnT) after endurance running in training-experience, biological-age and maturity-matched young male and female runners.
Materials and methods: Nineteen male (training history: 2.3?±?1.0?years; mean age: 16.1?±?1.2?years; Tanner stage: 3.7?±?0.6) and 19 female (training history: 2.2?±?1.0?years; mean age: 15.9?±?1.4?years; Tanner stage: 4.0?±?0.4) runners performed a 21?km run with “all-out” effort. Serum cTnT levels were assessed at pre-exercise (Pre-ex) and at 4?h post-exercise (Post-ex).
Results: At Pre-ex, cTnT concentrations were below the 99th percentile value (10?ng.l?1) in 32/38 runners. Post-ex cTnT increased in all subjects but the response was substantially higher (p?<?0.05) in males [median (range): 210 (20–1360) ng.l?1] than females [median (range): 80 (10–550) ng.l?1]. At Post-ex, 95% (95% confidence interval: 75–99%) of males and 63% (95% confidence interval: 41–81%) of females (p?<?0.05) had cTnT concentrations above the cut-off for acute myocardial infarction.
Conclusions: The present data suggest that post-exercise cTnT elevation occurs in all runners but is augmented in young male compared to female athletes. 相似文献
Aims: Our aim was to quantify landscape (e.g. elevation, geographic location, and precipitation), site (e.g. overstorey cover and stoniness) and very fine scale factors (e.g. spatial associations in the understorey) that affect cover, height, and fruit production of V. myrtillus in subalpine forests in thePyrenees, with understorey usually dominated by Rhododendron ferrugineum.
Methods: We sampled 155 plots (0.5 m × 5 m) in six sites. For each plot, in the understorey layer, we assessed species cover, height for R. ferrugineum and V. myrtillus, number of total fruits in V. myrtillus, and spatial associations among V. myrtillus and the remaining cover types.
Results: Overstorey cover negatively influenced V. myrtillus cover, its height, and particularly, the number of fruits, which was also negatively influenced by R. ferrugineum cover. Associations between R. ferrugineum and V. myrtillus were site dependent, while V. myrtillus showed mostly positive associations with grasses and mosses.
Conclusions: Reducing overstorey and R. ferrugineum cover has the strongest positive effect on increasing V. myrtillus fruit production, but with additional positive effects on V. myrtillus cover and height. Increases in grass and moss coverage could favour V. myrtillus. 相似文献
Objective: The aim of this study was to explore thrombin generation in these patients – the best way to evaluate their coagulation.
Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted during 15 months on hospitalized patients with CD colitis. Thrombin generation was performed in platelet-poor plasma using a Ceveron® alpha analyzer and was compared with a group of volunteer control subjects.
Results: Thirty-three patients and 51 control subjects were enrolled in the study. Two biomarkers – mean velocity index and peak thrombin – were significantly higher in patient group, compared to the control subjects (p?=?0.010, respectively, p?=?0.0395). This pattern of thrombin generation suggests that patients with CD colitis without septic shock have a potential thrombotic risk. The mean velocity index significantly correlated with the estimated related risk of death according to the Charlson age-comorbidity index.
Conclusions: The higher values of thrombin generation suggest that CD colitis increases the thromboembolic risk. The pattern of thrombin generation could identify patients with particularly higher thromboembolic risk. They are potential candidates for thromboprophylaxis strategies and monitorization. 相似文献
Quantitative methylation polymerase chain reaction assays were used to assess promoter CpG methylation in PER1, PER2, PER3, CRY1, CRY2, BMAL1, CLOCK, and NPAS2 in genomic DNA from whole blood of 347 women having a rotating-shift work schedule and 363 women working days only. The percentage of methylated reference (PMR) was assessed using fluorescent probes for PER1, PER2, PER3, CRY1, and NPAS2, and the percentage of gene methylation, as the methylation index (MI), using two sets of primers for BMAL1, CLOCK, and CRY2.
We tested the possible association between current and lifetime rotating night-shift work characteristics and circadian gene methylation by using proportional odds regression model with blood DNA methylation, categorized into tertiles, and adjusted for age, current smoking status, folate intake and blood collection time. The findings indicated that CpG methylation in PER2 promoter was significantly decreased (P < 0.004) among nurses and midwives currently working rotating shifts, as compared with day-working nurses and midwives. The lower percentage of PER2 methylation was associated with a higher monthly frequency of current night duties (2–7 night shifts, and eight or more night shifts per month) (P = 0.012) and was associated at borderline significance (P = 0.092) with the lifetime duration of shift work (>10 ≤ 20 years and >20 ≤ 43 years of rotating-shift work) among nurses and midwives (N = 710). Moreover, women with a longer lifetime duration of shift work presented a lower status of PER1 methylation (P = 0.040) than did the women with up to 10 years of rotating-shift work. Long lifetime duration of shift work (> 10 years) among current rotating night-shift workers (N = 347) was associated with BMAL1 hypomethylation (P = 0.013).
Among eight of the investigated circadian genes, only PER1, PER2, and BMAL1 showed differential methylation attributable to the rotating-shift work of nurses and midwives. The findings on blood-based DNA methylation in the circadian genes may provide a better insight into the mechanistic principles underlying the possible health effects of night-shift work but these should be verified in further studies recruiting larger populations of shift workers. 相似文献
Aims: To understand the role of both climate and geographical location on variation in tree species composition in a region characterised by an abrupt transition from wet forests to semi-arid thorn-woodlands. To test whether a regional classification of forests according to elevation belts and leaf flush pattern is consistent with floristic composition.
Methods: We submitted 14,094 tree species occurrence records and 31 geo-climatic variables prepared for 57 sites in eastern Bahia, Brazil, to multivariate and regression analyses and variance partitioning.
Results: Climate and space were both significantly (P ≤ 0.05) contributing to explaining floristic variations. Actual evapotranspiration, duration of water deficit, and minimum temperature of coldest month were the main predictors. Floristic differences were significant except when comparing evergreen lower plains and upper plains forests.
Conclusions: Although distance among sites may play an important role, species composition is chiefly influenced by environmental gradients. This highlights environmental heterogeneity as a key factor in the planning of biodiversity conservation in tropical forests. 相似文献
Methods: High-frequency blood sampling was performed in 844 patients admitted for ACS during one-year follow-up. We conducted a case-control study on the 45 patients who experienced reACS (cases) and two matched event-free patients (controls) per case. Olink Proteomics’ immunoassay was used to obtain serum levels of the 29 proteins, expressed in an arbitrary unit on the log2-scale (Normalized Protein eXpression, NPX). Linear mixed-effects models were applied to examine the temporal pattern of the proteins, and to illustrate differences between cases and controls.
Results: Mean age was 66?±?12 years and 80% were men. Cases and controls had similar baseline clinical characteristics. During the first 30 days, and after multiple testing correction, cases had significantly higher serum levels of CXCL1 (difference of 1.00 NPX, p?=?0.002), CD84 (difference of 0.64 NPX, p?=?0.002) and TNFRSF10A (difference of 0.41 NPX, p?<?0.001) than controls. After 30 days, serum levels of all 29 proteins were similar in cases and controls. In particular, no increase was observed prior to reACS.
Conclusions: Among 29 immune and inflammatory proteins, CXCL1, CD84 and TNFRSF10A were associated with early reACS after initial ACS-admission. 相似文献
Methods: Twenty healthy, young males (mean age, 25.5 years) were recruited between September 2013 and August 2014. They were first exposed to control light (150 lux) before bedtime (from 20:00 h to 24:00 h) for 2 days and then to bright light (1,000 lux) before bedtime for an additional 5 days. We performed polysomnography (PSG) on the final night of each light exposure period (on nights 2 and night 7) and performed NIRS, which measures the concentrations of oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin (OxyHb and DeoxyHb, respectively), coupled with a Go/NoGo task the following morning (between 09:30 h and 11:30 h). The participants also completed frontal lobe function tests the following morning.
Results: NIRS showed decreased hemodynamic activity (lower OxyHb and a tendency toward higher DeoxyHb concentration) in the right frontal lobe during the NoGo block after 1000-lux light exposure compared with that during the NoGo block after 150-lux light exposure. The commission error rate (ER) during the Go/NoGo task was higher after 1000-lux light exposure than that during the Go/NoGo task after 150-lux light exposure (1.24 ± 1.09 vs. 0.6 ± 0.69, P = 0.002), suggesting a reduced inhibitory response.
Conclusion: This study shows that exposure to bright light before bedtime for 5 days impairs right frontal lobe activation and response inhibition the following morning. 相似文献