基于植物多样性特征的武汉市城市湖泊湿地植被分类保护和恢复

湿地植被多样性特征及其影响因素的调查分析是湿地植被保护与恢复策略制定的基础。借鉴生物多样性热点分析原理,在武汉市城市湖泊湿地植物多样性调查的基础上,研究了湖泊湿地的植被多样性特征,探讨了城市湖泊湿地植被分类保护与恢复对策。结果表明,武汉市湿地维管束植物的物种丰富度、植物多样性、优势度和均匀度指数在各湖泊间的变化趋势较为一致,但在空间变化幅度上存在一定差异。按照物种丰富度、多样性、优势度、均匀度、湿地植被群丛数目,以及典型湿地植物的物种所占比例、丰富度和优势度的差异,可将调查涉及的26个典型湖泊湿地分为原生植被湖泊、次生植被湖泊、人工植被湖泊和退化植被湖泊4类。原生植被湖泊应建立相对严格的湿地保护区,优先保护原有湿地植被。次生植被湖泊最多,城市发展区内的次生植被湖泊应建立30-100m的植被缓冲带,促进植被自然恢复和发育;而农业区的次生植被湖泊应引导和规范湖泊周围的农业生产模式,以减少人类活动干扰。人工植被湖泊应通过建立城市湿地公园,人工促进植被的近自然恢复。而退化植被湖泊则应尽快采用生态工程法促进湿地植被生境改善,并积极开展近自然湿地植被重建与恢复。     

尕海湖滨湿地种子库初探

在青藏高原湖泊尕海湖滨湿地的高寒草甸中,选取4个样地22个样点研究种子库基本组成及其与地表植被的关系。结果表明,尕海湖滨湿地种子库由13科34属37种湿生植物组成,平均为7400 seeds/m2,种类以一年生草本植物为主;地表植被由17科29属31种湿生植物构成,以多年生草本植物为主,种子库与地表植被组成的差异较为明显,符合高寒草甸的特征。总体而言,种子库垂直分布的各深度间种子密度有明显的相关性,土壤表层的种子库密度显著高于深层,在物种水平上,仅露蕊乌头Aconitum gymnandrum有这一趋势。种子库物种与水位变化研究表明,种子库中物种的生活型随着水位变化而发生变化：随着水位的升高,种子库中的优势种逐渐由以露蕊乌头为指示种的中生植物向以水毛茛Batrachium bungei为指示种的沉水植物过渡。本研究表明,尕海湖滨湿地种子库具有对受损湿地进行修复的潜在可能,同时水位对其分布有一定影响;如果是针对目标植物的选择性修复则要注意该物种是否存在于种子库中。     

三江源区沼泽湿地退化过程中植被变化特征及评价指标体系

湿地退化评价指标体系研究是湿地退化研究的重要科学问题,该研究以隆宝高寒沼泽湿地为例,分析了不同退化程度湿地植被的变化特征,并利用主成分分析法以多个植被指标构建了湿地退化的植被评价指数。结果表明：(1)随着湿地退化程度加剧,沼生植物重要值减小,湿中生植物重要值增大,植物群落由小苔草(Carex parva)群落向藏嵩草(Kobresia tibetica)群落演替。(2)随着湿地退化程度加剧,物种多样性指数、均匀度指数和丰富度均逐渐增大,其中,重度退化阶段与未退化阶段间差异显著(P<0.05)。(3)地上生物量随着湿地退化显著降低(P<0.05),而地下生物量则呈先增加后降低的变化趋势,其中,在10~20 cm和20~30 cm土层,重度退化阶段与轻度退化阶段间均差异显著(P<0.05)。(4)主成分分析显示,9个植物群落指标简化为第1和第2主成分,累计解释量达91.7%。第一主成分上盖度、地上生物量、沼生植物重要值和中生植物重要值具有较高载荷,达0.9以上,对于湿地退化的指示性较好。(5)不同退化阶段的湿地植被评价指数(SVEI)分别为,未退化阶段-3.23～-1.98,轻度退化阶段-0.54～0.51,重度退化阶段2.15～3.26。研究认为,利用多个植被指标构建的湿地退化植被评价指数可以很好地指示隆宝湿地的退化程度,且湿地植被评价指数值越大,湿地退化越严重;不同退化程度湿地的植被评价指数阈值为：未退化阶段SVEI<-1,轻度退化阶段-1≤SVEI≤1,重度退化阶段SVEI>1。     

黄河源湖泊湿地退化过程土壤和植被的变化特征

在研究黄河源玛多县湖泊湿地退化过程植被和土壤变化的基础上, 探讨湖泊湿地退化机理, 为高原湖泊湿地的生态修复提供基础资料。结果表明: 黄河源玛多县湖泊湿地随着退化程度的加重, 湖泊湿地植被优势种植物减少, 植物种数增加了(2±0.25)种, 植被盖度降低了(15.4±13.71) %, 高度降低了(1.8±2.31) cm; 随着退化程度的加剧, 土壤含水量减少(11.9±1.15) %, 土壤温度升高(0.76±0.11) ℃, 土壤质地为砂壤土, 小于0.01 mm物理黏粒含量下降了(1.3±0.4), 土壤pH由8.42升高到8.52。高原湖泊湿地土壤养分含量在垂直方向上呈现上层高于下层的规律。湿地土壤有机质、全N、全P₂O₅、碱解N和速效P随退化程度的加剧而减小, 而土壤全K₂O和速效K含量在增加。     

鄱阳湖自然保护区湿地植被生物量空间分布规律

探明区域湿地植被生物量的空间分布规律及其变化趋势,对于更好地保护候鸟生境、制定合理的湿地保护政策具有重要的意义。以鄱阳湖国家级自然保护区为研究对象,基于2000—2011年研究区MODIS植被指数产品和同期的植被生物量调查资料,建立了湿地植被生物量的遥感估算模型。在此基础上利用GIS空间分析方法,系统分析了保护区近10年来湿地植被生物量的空间分布规律及其季节变化特征。研究结果表明:(1)MODIS增强型植被指数的乘幂模型可以较好地模拟研究区湿地植被生物量的鲜重,拟合模型总体精度达到91.7%。(2)多年平均生物量呈现"岛屿型"空间分布模式:各子湖泊及洼地中心处,表现为水生植被群落为主的低生物量区(285 g/m2);湖心水体外围14—15m的高程区域,分布着以苔草群落为主的中生物量区(285—830 g/m2);高程位于16—18m的河口三角洲及天然堤坝区域,表现为以蒿、荻和芦苇群落为主的高生物量区。(3)保护区植被群落分布具有特定的季相变化特征,高、中、低生物量区在不同的月份呈现出不同的空间生消和演进规律,鄱阳湖水位的周期性涨落是影响其变化的一个重要扰动因子。     

若尔盖退化高寒湿地土壤理化性质、酶活性及微生物群落的季节动态

以若尔盖退化高寒湿地为研究对象,连续3年(2015—2017年)于植被返青期(4—5月)、草盛期(7—8月)和枯黄期(10—11月)监测高原鼢鼠鼠丘密度、3个土层(0—10、10—20、20—30 cm)土壤理化性质、酶活性及微生物数量的季节动态,并分析土壤生物学特征与土壤环境间的季节相关性。结果表明:(1)各植被物候期,土壤pH值、容重指标均随土层加深而显著升高(P0.05),土壤含水量、有机质、全氮、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾、酶活性及微生物数量指标均随土层加深而显著降低(P0.05);(2)植被物候期对高寒鼠荒地非土丘土壤养分在不同土层的垂直分配有显著影响,对0—10 cm土层土壤生物学特征含量的影响程度显著大于10—20 cm和20—30 cm土层。(3)冗余分析(RDA)表明3个植被物候期,土壤生物学特征指标与土壤理化性质指标间显著相关(P0.05),主成分分析(PCA)表明各指标在不同土层均呈现明显的季节性分布,数量特征表现为:枯黄期返青期草盛期。揭示了高寒鼠荒地高原鼢鼠季节性活动对土壤理化性质、酶活性及微生物数量的影响,为今后青藏高原鼠荒地的分级恢复治理提供理论依据。     

长江故道湿地植被的数量分类与排序

采用双向指示种分析法（TWINSPAN）和除趋势对应分析法（DCA）对长江故道湿地植被做分类和排序研究。TWINSPAN分类将湿地植被234个样方分为28个群丛,论述了各群丛的群落学特征。DCA排序结果反映了植物群落类型与环境梯度之间的关系,表明影响群丛分布格局的主导生态因子为生境的水分条件。TWINSPAN数量分类在DCA排序图中有较为明确的分布范围和界限,两者的结合使用,能很好地反映群落与环境因子间的生态关系。     

美丽如卷 高原湿地

<正>高原不仅有雄伟的雪山,纵横交错的河流,广阔的草场,还有人们既熟悉又陌生的高原湿地。在这里,不论是河流谷地,湖泊洼地,还是山麓平原,都有斑斓夺目的湿地景观。湿地已成为高原重要的生态系统。高原湿地是指分布在高原(主要是青藏高原、云贵高原和蒙新高原)上的所有湿地类型,同高海拔或高山湿地不同。我国高原湿地资源丰富,类型多样而独特,主要4大类湿地类型有湖泊湿地、河流湿地、沼泽湿地和人工湿地。高原地区多样的湿地类型,得     

神奇多彩的高原湿地

<正>我国的高原湿地主要分布在青藏高原、云贵高原和蒙新高原。高原湿地类型多样而独特,以沼泽湿地、湖泊湿地和河流湿地等自然湿地为主,还有库塘湿地和水田湿地等人工湿地。青藏高原青藏高原是我国高原湿地的主要分布区。青藏高原是当今最年轻的地质地貌结构,经过强烈的造山运动和不同阶段的隆起,形成高山挺拔、山脉绵亘的雄伟地貌。从南到北为喜马拉雅山脉、冈底斯山脉-念青唐古拉山脉、喀喇昆仑山脉-唐古拉山脉以及昆仑山脉,南北走向的有横断山脉,这些山脉构成了高原的基本骨架,控制着高原地貌的基本格局,在山脉间形成了不同的地貌类型。在北部、南部、东南部及中部地区分别形成了高原湖盆、山原湖盆谷地和高山谷地等不同地貌。高原面低处多宽谷、湖     

哈尼梯田湿地生态系统健康评价指标体系构建

为了获得梯田湿地生态系统健康评价的指标体系,以云南红河哈尼梯田湿地为例,基于对该湿地维持机制的分析,构建了包括生态特征、功能整合、社会与政治3个方面共20个指标的健康评价指标体系以及各个指标的健康阈值分级表。同时,利用AHP层次分析法确定了各指标的权重,运用综合评价法对梯田湿地生态系统的健康状态进行评价。本研究构建的评价指标体系解决了哈尼梯田湿地生态系统缺乏健康评价指标体系和支持理论的问题,为评价该类型湿地生态系统的健康状态提供指导方法,能够依据其评价结果为后续湿地健康质量的提升及湿地的可持续利用发展提出改进策略。     

A candidate vegetation index of biological integrity based on species dominance and habitat fidelity

Indices of biological integrity of wetlands based on vascular plants (VIBIs) have been developed in many areas of the USA and are used in some states to make critical management decisions. An underlying concept of all VIBIs is that they respond negatively to disturbance. The Ohio VIBI (OVIBI) is calculated from 10 metrics, which are different for each wetland vegetation class. We present a candidate vegetation index of biotic integrity based on floristic quality (VIBI-FQ) that requires only two metrics to calculate an overall score regardless of vegetation class. These metrics focus equally on the critical ecosystem elements of diversity and dominance as related to a species’ degree of fidelity to habitat requirements. The indices were highly correlated but varied among vegetation classes. Both indices responded negatively with a published index of wetland disturbance in 261 Ohio wetlands. Unlike VIBI-FQ, however, errors in classifying wetland vegetation may lead to errors in calculating OVIBI scores. This is especially critical when assessing the ecological condition of rapidly developing ecosystems typically associated with wetland restoration and creation projects. Compared to OVIBI, the VIBI-FQ requires less field work, is much simpler to calculate and interpret, and can potentially be applied to all habitat types. This candidate index, which has been “standardized” across habitats, would make it easier to prioritize funding because it would score the “best” and “worst” of all habitats appropriately and allow for objective comparison across different vegetation classes.     

Moss and vascular plant indices in Ohio wetlands have similar environmental predictors

Mosses and vascular plants have been shown to be reliable indicators of wetland habitat delineation and environmental quality. Knowledge of the best ecological predictors of the quality of wetland moss and vascular plant communities may determine if similar management practices would simultaneously enhance both populations. We used Akaike's Information Criterion to identify models predicting a moss quality assessment index (MQAI) and a vascular plant index of biological integrity based on floristic quality (VIBI-FQ) from 27 emergent and 13 forested wetlands in Ohio, USA. The set of predictors included the six metrics from a wetlands disturbance index (ORAM) and two landscape development intensity indices (LDIs). The best single predictor of MQAI and one of the predictors of VIBI-FQ was an ORAM metric that assesses habitat alteration and disturbance within the wetland, such as mowing, grazing, and agricultural practices. However, the best single predictor of VIBI-FQ was an ORAM metric that assessed wetland vascular plant communities, interspersion, and microtopography. LDIs better predicted MQAI than VIBI-FQ, suggesting that mosses may either respond more rapidly to, or recover more slowly from, anthropogenic disturbance in the surrounding landscape than vascular plants. These results supported previous predictive studies on amphibian indices and metrics and a separate vegetation index, indicating that similar wetland management practices may result in qualitatively the same ecological response for three vastly different wetland biological communities (amphibians, vascular plants, and mosses).     

Variation in wetland invertebrate communities in lowland acidic fens and swamps

1. Invertebrates were collected semi‐quantitatively from four relatively undisturbed wetlands in the west coast of New Zealand’s South Island: two acidic fens and two swamps. Samples were collected from up to four discrete habitats within each wetland: large open‐water channels, small leads (small, ill‐defined channels with emergent vegetation in them) and large (>10 m diameter) or small (<10 m diameter) ponds. Samples were also collected from different plant species within each wetland, each with different morphology, and from areas without vegetation. This was done to determine whether invertebrate communities varied more between‐wetlands than within‐wetlands, as the results had implications for future wetland monitoring programmes. 2. Principal components analysis of water chemistry data revealed striking differences in pH, conductivity and nutrients between the four wetlands. Not surprisingly, pH was lowest in one of the acidic fens, and highest in one of the swamps, where conductivity was also high. Midges (Tanytarsus, Tanypodinae, Orthocladiinae and Ceratopogonidae), nematodes, harpactacoid copepods and the damselfly Xanthocnemis dominated the invertebrate fauna. Orthoclad midges and mites were the most widespread taxa, found in 91 of 94 samples. Diptera were the most diverse invertebrate group, followed by Trichoptera and Crustacea. 3. Ordination analysis of the invertebrate data showed that the four wetlands supported different invertebrate communities. However, species composition did not change completely along the ordination axes, suggesting that a relatively species‐poor invertebrate fauna was found in the wetlands. Taxa such as molluscs were restricted to wetlands with high pH. Multi‐response permutation procedures (MRPP) was used to analyse resultant ordination scores to see how they differed according to five terms: ‘Wetland’, ‘Habitat’, ‘Growth Form’, ‘Morphology’ and ‘Plant’. Most of the sample separation along ordination axes reflected differences between wetland, although the ‘Habitat’ and ‘Plant’ terms also explained some of the variation. The ‘Growth Form’ and ‘Morphology’ terms had only minor effects on community composition. 4. A multivariate regression tree modelled invertebrate assemblages according to the five predictor terms. The resultant model explained 54.8% of the species variance. The ‘Wetland’ term contributed most to the explanatory power, followed by ‘Habitat’. ‘Growth type’ and ‘Morphology’ explained only a small amount of variance to the regression tree, while the different plant species explained none of the variation. 5. Variation in these New Zealand wetland invertebrate communities appears to be controlled most by large‐scale factors operating at the level of individual wetlands, although different habitats within individual wetlands contributed slightly to this variation. Based on these results, sampling programmes to describe wetland invertebrate communities do not need to sample specific habitats or plant types within a wetland. Instead, samples can be collected from a wide range of habitats within individual wetlands, and pooled. Within each habitat, it is unnecessary to collect individual samples from different macrophytes or un‐vegetated areas. Our results suggest that collecting replicate pooled samples from different habitats within each wetland will be sufficient to characterize the invertebrate assemblage of each wetland.     

The classification of wetlands: integration of top-down and bottom-up approaches and their significance for ecosystem service determination

The typology of wetlands provides important information for both water resource managers and conservation planners. One of the most important aims of allocating wetlands to a certain type or class is to provide information about the ecosystem services that the wetland provides. There are two main approaches towards wetland classification. Firstly, there are top-down approaches whereby wetlands are divided into several categories based on a conceptual understanding of how the wetland functions (mostly with regards to water flows). Secondly there are bottom-up approaches whereby the classification of wetlands is based on the collection of data in the wetland that is then subjected to various clustering techniques (mostly with regards to biodiversity). The most utilized system of top-down classification assigns wetlands into hydrogeomorphic units, which function as a single unit in terms of hydrology and geomorphology. This type of classification is most useful for water resource planning, as it provides information about how the wetland is connected to the drainage network and what are the water inflows, throughflows and outflows of the wetland. The bottom-up classification approach typically focusses on the classification of wetland habitats rather than complete wetlands, where wetland habitat represents a spatial unit delineated on the basis of vegetation, embedded within the (complete) hydrogeomorphic unit, and defined as an area of wetland that is homogeneous in terms of opportunities for plant growth. At a broad scale, most ecosystem services can be superficially derived from the hydrogeomorphic unit type and the way water moves through a wetland, but habitat units and the plant species that define them would have a specific effect on the delivery of ecosystem services, for example, with different assemblages providing different resistance to flow. Some types of ecosystem services are exclusively linked to specific wetland habitats, especially provisioning services. For this reason, it is proposed that a combined approach of hydrogeomorphic classification together with a vegetation map, offers the maximum information value for ecosystem service determination. In order to account for the potential pitfall of “double counting” when combining the top-down and bottom-up approaches, each service needs to be considered individually with reference to the degree to which a service is either: (a) primarily determined by HGM class/attributes and modified by the vegetation class/attributes; or (b) primarily determined by the vegetation class/attributes.     

RS和GIS支持的洪河地区湿地生态健康评价

洪泛平原淡水自然湿地对于生态多样性保护具有重要意义。当前自然湿地普遍面临气候变化与人类活动干扰和影响,其生态健康的状况令人担忧,结合新的地学信息技术探索自然湿地生态健康评价分析方法具有重要意义。本研究选择位于三江平原东北部的洪河国家级自然保护区湿地及其周边农场湿地为研究区,依据遥感和地理信息系统技术支持,结合野外生态调查与水文气象监测数据,从水文地貌特征、景观特征和人类扰动3方面选取一系列评价指标因子,利用层次分析法和综合指数方法,对研究区湿地进行了定量生态健康分析评价。研究结果表明：（1）洪河自然保护区的湿地生态健康状况是最好的,其周边农场从鸭绿河农场、前锋农场到洪河农场的湿地生态健康状况依次递减。（2）洪河自然保护区功能分区生态健康状况由好到差的顺序为：核心区>缓冲区>实验区,与实际野外调查情况一致。（3）本研究建立的评价指标体系和相应分析方法能够科学的评价湿地生态健康。评价分析结果显示水文地貌要素是影响湿地生态健康的关键性因素。本研究利用RS和GIS技术与传统生态学评价分析方法结合,以栅格为单位基于区域生境特征进行湿地生态健康综合评价具有一定的方法先进性。     

银川不同湿地陆生昆虫群落多样性与稳定性

【目的】调查和分析银川不同湿地陆生昆虫群落结构组成、功能多样性及其稳定性变化。【方法】2016年5-10月选取银川黄河湿地(HH)、鸣翠湖湿地(MCH)、芦花台湿地(LHT)、水洞沟湿地(SDG)4种湿地生境,采用棋盘式扫网和陷阱捕捉的方法进行昆虫采集。根据调查数据进行昆虫群落结构多样性分析、主成分分析和聚类分析。【结果】4种湿地生境共采集昆虫38 668头,隶属13目97科370种。双翅目、同翅目、膜翅目在4种生境中均为优势类群。植食性(Ph)昆虫功能团的科数和种数在4种生境昆虫群落中占比均最大。植食性-中性昆虫(Ph-Ne)间个体数在4种生境下均存在显著负相关(P<0.01);植食性-捕食性昆虫(Ph-Pr)间个体数在MCH生境下存在显著正相关(P<0.05);中性-捕食性昆虫(Ne-Pr)间个体数在MCH生境下存在显著负相关(P<0.01),在LHT生境下存在显著负相关(P<0.05);4种功能团结构的其他组合的个体数在4种生境下均不存在显著相关性。主成分分析结果表明,捕食性类群是4个类群中影响构成昆虫群落组成的主要成分。同种功能团在4种生境下的多样性分析结果表明,捕食性功能团(Pr)与寄生性功能团(Pa)在4种生境群落中的群落丰富度、均匀程度［辛普森指数(Simpson index)］差异性显著(P<0.05),而植食性功能团(Ph)与中性功能团(Ne)的群落丰富度、均匀程度的差异性不显著(P>0.05);中性功能团(Ne)在4种生境群落中个体出现的不确定程度［香农-维纳指数(Shannon-Wiener index)］差异性不显著(P>0.05),在4种生境的均匀度指数(Pielou evenness index)差异性显著(P<0.05),其余3个功能团在4种生境下的香农-维纳指数均差异性显著(P<0.05),在4种生境下的均匀度指数均差异性不显著(P>0.05)。4种生境昆虫群落特征指数的聚类分析分为2类,永久性湿地HH和MCH为第1类,季节性湿地LHT和SDG为第2类。Ss/Si和Sa/Sp两个稳定性指标均显示MCH昆虫群落稳定性最高,4种生境昆虫群落最稳定的时期是5和9月。【结论】双翅目和膜翅目昆虫在银川不同湿地生境中均为优势类群,可作为环境指示参考;昆虫群落稳定性最好的湿地类型为永久性湖泊湿地;不同生境昆虫群落多样性随季节时序变化,在银川最稳定的时期是5和9月。气候因子、环境因素如何驱动各湿地昆虫群落多样性及稳定性的变化因素还有待开展研究。     

Waterbird habitat-selection during winter and spring in reclaimed coastal wetlands in Nanhui Dongtan, Shanghai

From December 2009 to May 2010 goose and duck (Anatidae) community censuses in winter and shorebird (Charadriiforms) community censuses in spring were conducted across three types artificial wetlands (urban lake wetland, restorative wetland, abandoned wetland) along the coast of Nanhui, Shanghai. Correlation analyses were undertaken between community indices and habitat factors. The results showed there were significant differences in the density of geese and ducks among the wetlands, but no difference in the number of species. The density of geese and ducks in the restorative wetland was 3.77 times that of abandoned wetland and 6.03 times that of urban lake wetlands. The number of species and density of shorebirds in restorative wetlands was 2.88 and 5.70 times that of abandoned wetlands. We found significant differences in the number and density of shorebird species between restorative and abandoned wetlands. The number of species density of geese and ducks and the Shannon-Wiener (H') index were positively correlated with water area. The number of species and H' were negatively correlated with vegetation area. The number of species, species density and H' and evenness were negatively correlated with vegetation coverage. H' was positively correlated with mean water level. The results showed that the number and density of shorebird species were positively correlated with bare muddy areas. Aquaculture ponds and paddy fields in reclaimed area is efficient sufficient compensation mechanism to maintain more water areas for waterbirds and to control vegetation expansion and maintain shorebird habitat after coastal reclamation.     

Macroinvertebrates as unreliable indicators of human disturbance in temporary depression wetlands of the south-western Cape, South Africa

Macroinvertebrates have a successful history of use as indicators of human impact in lotic environments. More recently, macroinvertebrate indices have been recommended for use in certain wetland types. Yet some authors do not recommend macroinvertebrates indices of wetland condition in areas with pronounced natural environmental heterogeneity. Our study provides a preliminary assessment of the feasibility of using macroinvertebrates for bioassessment of temporary isolated depression wetlands in the south-western Cape region of South Africa. We expected natural environmental heterogeneity among wetlands to exert a stronger influence on macroinvertebrates than human disturbance factors. Partitioning of the variation in macroinvertebrate assemblage composition that could be attributed to human disturbance factors (within and adjacent to wetlands), environmental variables and spatio-temporal factors indicated that environmental and spatio-temporal factors independent of human disturbances largely determined assemblage composition, whilst human disturbance played a relatively minor role. Linear regressions of taxon richness/diversity measures, individual families and a collation of metrics against measures of habitat transformation around wetlands and scores from a rapid assessment index of human disturbance revealed poor relationships. The univariate and multivariate patterns observed in this study do not lend themselves to the creation of a macroinvertebrate index of human disturbance for temporary wetlands in the region.     

湿地生态系统健康评价指标体系 Ⅱ.方法与案例

湿地生态系统健康是一个非常复杂的问题,不同的湿地类型。衡量指标和标准也不尽相同,以三江平原挠力河域湿地作为案例研究,分析的湿地主要为闭合流域内的沼泽湿地和河缘湿地,以此为基础,确定三大类指标,即湿地生态特征指标,功能整合性指标和社会环境指标。在三大类指标内,又分别分出各自的具有可操作性的亚指标,因为健康是一个模糊概念,因此,根据模糊综合评判原理和方法,在对挠力河流域进行湿地分区的基础上,对各区的湿地进行了评价与比较排序,然后通过红绿灯信号系统对各区健康进行了预警。