锦鸡儿属(豆科)一新组合

中间锦鸡儿(Caragana korshinskii var. intermedia), 与柠条锦鸡儿(C. korshinskii)和小叶锦鸡儿(C. microphylla)是近缘种.但以前有不同的分类学名称和处理,本文把它作为柠条锦鸡儿的一个变种(C. korshinskii Kom. var. intermedia (Kuang et H. C. Fu) M. L. Zhang & G. H. Zhu)来处理.     

Plant cyclins: a unified nomenclature for plant A-, B- and D-type cyclins based on sequence organization

The comparative analysis of a large number of plant cyclins of the A/B family has recently revealed that plants possess two distinct B-type groups and three distinct A-type groups of cyclins [1]. Despite earlier uncertainties, this large-scale comparative analysis has allowed an unequivocal definition of plant cyclins into either A or B classes. We present here the most important results obtained in this study, and extend them to the case of plant D-type cyclins, in which three groups are identified. For each of the plant cyclin groups, consensus sequences have been established and a new, rational, plant-wide naming system is proposed in accordance with the guidelines of the Commission on Plant Gene Nomenclature. This nomenclature is based on the animal system indicating cyclin classes by an upper-case roman letter, and distinct groups within these classes by an arabic numeral suffix. The naming of plant cyclin classes is chosen to indicate homology to their closest animal class. The revised nomenclature of all described plant cyclins is presented, with their classification into groups CycA1, CycA2, CycA3, CycB1, CycB2, CycD1, CycD2 and CycD3.     

关于几个叶肢介化石属名的注解

Bean(1836)在上个世纪曾描述过英国约克郡北部斯卡伯勒附近格里斯托普湾(Gristhorpe Bay)中侏罗统巴柔阶(相当 E.(o.) sauzei带)克洛顿组(Cloughton Formation)格里斯托普层的一些化石,包括双壳类 Unio distortus Bean, 介形类 Cypris concentrica Bean 和 Cypris arcuata Bean (Cypris M?ller, 1776). 嗣后不久, Jones(1862)认为 C.concentrica 是一个叶肢介化石并将这个种归入了 Estheria R?ppell, 1837.本世纪50年代,苏联学者诺沃日     

Ceci n'est pas une pipe: names, clades and phylogenetic nomenclature

An introduction is provided to the literature and to issues relating to phylogenetic nomenclature and the PhyloCode, together with a critique of the current Linnaean system of nomenclature. The Linnaean nomenclature fixes taxon names with types, and associates the names with ranks (genus, family, etc.). In phylogenetic nomenclature, names are instead defined with reference to cladistic relationships, and the names are not associated with ranks. We argue that taxon names under the Linnaean system are unclear in meaning and provide unstable group–name associations, notwithstanding whether or not there are agreements on relationships. Furthermore, the Linnaean rank assignments lack justification and invite unwarranted comparisons across taxa. On the contrary, the intention of taxon names in phylogenetic nomenclature is clear and stable, and the application of the names will be unambiguous under any given cladistic hypothesis. The extension of the names reflects current knowledge of relationships, and will shift as new hypotheses are forwarded. The extension of phylogenetic names is, therefore, clear but is associated to (and thus dependent upon) cladistic hypotheses. Stability in content can be maximized with carefully formulated name definitions. A phylogenetic nomenclature will shift the focus from discussions of taxon names towards the understanding of relationships. Also, we contend that species should not be recognized as taxonomic units. The term ‘species’ is ambiguous, it mixes several distinct classes of entities, and there is a large gap between most of the actual concepts and the evidence available to identify the entities. Instead, we argue that only clades should be recognized. Among these, it is useful to tag the smallest named clades, which all represent non-overlapping groups. Such taxa  – LITUs (Least Inclusive Taxonomic Units) – are distinguished from more inclusive clades by being spelled with lower-case initial letter. In contrast to species, LITUs are conceptually straightforward and are, like other clades, identified by apomorphies.     

On the identity of Ulex gallii Planchon (Leguminosae)

On the basis of the study of the original material used by Planchon, the typification previously made by other authors is discussed, and an interpretation of the U. minor-galli group is presented. We conclude that the name U. galli must continue in use in its traditional sense, and, therefore, U. cantabricus Alvarez Martínez el al. must become a mere synonym. The new combinations U. breoganii (Castroviejo & Valdés-Bermejo) Castroviejo & Valdés-Bermejo, stat. nov. and U. minor subsp. gallii (Planchon) Castroviejo & Valdés-Bermejo, comb. nov. are proposed.     

Typification of Linnaean Datura names (Solanaceae)

The typification of six Linnaean Datura names ( D. stramonium, D. metel, D. arborea, D. ferox, D. fastuosa and D. tatuld ) is discussed. A modification to the typification of D.fastuosa is proposed and a lectotype for D. tatula is designated here.     

Typification of Brassica oleracea L. (Gruciferae) and its Linnaean varieties

OOST, E. H., BRANDENBURG, W. A. & JARVIS, C. E., 1989. Typification of Brassica oleracea L. (Cruciferae) and its Linnaean varieties. The Linnaean concept of Brassica oleracea and its varieties is discussed. In the light of this concept several types are considered and chosen.     

A new species of Rhus (Anacardiaceae), endemic to serpentine near Barberton, Mpumalanga (Eastern Transvaal), South Africa

Rhus pygmaea , a new species endemic to amphibolitic serpentine soils near Barberton, Mpumalanga (Eastern Transvaal) is described and illustrated. It has affinities with R. pondoensis Schonl., but differs primarily in its dwarf habit, narrower leaflets, reduced inflorescence and male flowers having a conical pistillode.     

A contribution to the nomenclature of depsipeptides.

Depsipeptides, also called peptolides, are a class of peptidic compounds in which an amide bond has been replaced with an ester bond. The literature does not clearly display rules for the nomenclature of such compounds. Here a method is proposed to transcribe drawn depsipeptide structures in one-line text.     

Standard nomenclature for primate breeding and husbandry

Managers of primate colonies seek to record colony data in a systematic way which will be helpful in daily management. Each colony develops individual record systems, tailored to its specific operations and budget. These diversified systems provide the base for a set of uniform record items, which enables information to be shared among institutions, and used for the overall management of a self-sustaining captive primate population, as well as for national planning of primate resources. The present report identifies basic information needed for local colony management and data items that require standard nomenclature. Such data will provide the basic demographic profiles unavailable at most primate colonies today.     

Type specimens of Pectinidae (Mollusca: Bivalvia) described by Linnaeus (1758–1771)

Linnaeus listed and described (as Ostrea species) 20 recent pectinid species in the 10th edition of his Systema Naturae and one pectinid species in his Mantissa. These are now placed in 17 genera of the family Pectinidae. Nine species are cited to Museum Ludovicae Ulricae. Ten primary types are present in the Linnéan Society of London, and the same number in die Zoological Museum of die Uppsala University. Two lectotypes were designated recendy by Smith and Waller; 18 lectotypes and one neotype are selected herein. Nine of the species are type species of currently accepted pectinid genera. Seven new type localities are also designated for species which had unknown or erroneous type localities, and six are more restricted. Potential type material of eight species is also traced in the Gualtieri collection of the Museo di Storia Naturale e del Territorio at Certosi di Calci (Italy).     

Publication date and author spelling for the hidden angelshark Squatina occulta

Two dates of publication have been associated with the hidden angelshark Squatina occulta. Additionally, the name of the second author of this species has been cited with different spellings in different publications. Both inconsistencies are addressed in this study. It is suggested that the hidden angelshark be consistently cited as Squatina occulta Vooren & da Silva 1991.     

Nomenclatural notes on some species of Solanum L. found in Europe

The nomenclatural changes which have become necessary for several species belonging to Solanum section Solanum since they were revised during the preparation of Flora Europaea are given and discussed. S. villosum is now recognized as the correct name for S. luteum , and this has necessitated a new combination for the eglandular subspecies of this taxon, namely, S. villosum Miller subsp. puniceum (Kirschleger) Edmonds. The two species were described simultaneously by Miller, and the precedence of the epithet villosum over the epithet luteum is fully discussed, together with the reasons for the selection of puniceum as the second subspecific name. The species previously referred to as S. melanocerasum is now known to be synonymous with S. scabrum , while S. chenopodioides becomes the correct name for S. sublobatum. Complete lists of synonyms are given for these three species, together with extensive notes on the more controversial and difficult synonymy. Finally, reasons are given to justify the spelling of S. sarrachoides with two r's.     

Semisystematic nomenclature of brassinosteroids

The assignment of the trivial name to new isolated or detected brassinosteroid is based on the trivial names of seven different brassinosteroids, with names assigned according to the plant source from which they were first isolated. To avoid some observed mistakes in assigning trivial names to these compounds and the impractical constant usage of their systematic names, we propose a semisystematic nomenclature of brassinosteroids, in which (22R,23R)-2,3,22,23-tetrahydroxy-5-campestane, the trivial name of which is 6-deoxocastasterone, is considered the functional parent compound and is named brassinostane or brassinane. A set of rules for naming the remaining natural brassinosteroids is presented.     

叶绿素荧光动力学参数的意义及讨论

叶绿素荧光动力学技术被称为研究植物光合功能的快速、无损伤探针。但其参数众多，且名称及在参数的生物学意义解释上存在不规范和混乱现象。本文通过对这些问题的讨论旨在引起使用者的注意，并探讨正确使用这些参数的途径     

CDK-related protein kinases in plants

Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) form a conserved superfamily of eukaryotic serine-threonine protein kinases, which require binding to a cyclin protein for activity. CDK are involved in different aspects of cell biology and notably in cell cycle regulation. The comparison of nearly 50 plant CDK-related cDNAs with a selected set of their animal and yeast counterparts reveals five classes of these genes in plants. These are described here with respect to their phylogenetic, structural and functional properties. A plant-wide nomenclature of CDK-related genes is proposed, using a system similar to that of the plant cyclin genes. The most numerous class, CDKA, includes genes coding for CDK with the PSTAIRE canonical motif. CDKB makes up a class of plant-specific CDK divided into two groups: CDKB1 and CDKB2. CDKC, CDKD and CDKE form less numerous classes. The CDKD class includes the plant orthologues of metazoan CDK7, which correspond to the CDK-activating kinase (CAK). At present, no functional information is available in plants for CDKC and CDKE.     

Prion是病毒吗？——兼谈ribozyme的中文定名

在中文定名中,把prion定为朊病毒或与病毒有关的名称均不恰当,不应在定名上动摇“病毒”的原有定义.同样,也不应把ribozyme定为与酶有关的中文名,以避免冲击酶的传统概念.我们赞同把prion定名为蛋白感染子;把ribozyme定名为RNA催化剂.     

Phylogenetic position of Madagascan species of Acacia s.l. and new combinations in Senegalia and Vachellia (Fabaceae,Mimosoideae, Acacieae)

The recent worldwide effort to transfer all non‐Australian taxa of Acacia s.l. mostly to the genera Senegalia and Vachellia follows the acceptance of the proposed re‐typification of the genus with an Australian species. The Madagascan species have, as yet, not been included in phylogenetic studies of Acacia s.l. and their position in the new generic classification of Acacia s.l. is therefore still unclear. In this study, plastid DNA sequence data were generated for seven Madagascan species, included in existing matrices for Acacia s.l. and analysed to assess the placement of these species. The results indicate that the Madagascan species are placed either in Senegalia or Vachellia and conform to the morphological characters used to distinguish these genera, despite some taxa having unusual red flowers. New combinations are formalized for Senegalia baronii , S . hildebrandtii , S . kraussiana ssp. madagascariensis , S . menabeensis , S . meridionalis , S . pervillei , S . pervillei ssp. pubescens , S . polhillii , S . sakalava , S . sakalava ssp. hispida , V achellia bellula , V . myrmecophila and V . vigueri . Nomenclatural errors are also corrected for three African taxa and, as such, new combinations are provided for Senegalia fleckii , S . hamulosa and V achellia theronii . © 2015 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2015, 179 , 288–294.