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1.
Mustafa Kayan Mustafa Nazıroğlu Ömer Çelik Kadir Yalman Halis Köylü 《Cell biochemistry and function》2009,27(7):424-429
X‐ray radiation is detrimental to human cells and may lead to development of life‐threatening diseases. Cigarette smoke contains about 500 chemicals that include organic and oxidant compounds whereas vitamin C and E (VCE) have scavenger effects on the compounds. We investigated effects of VCE administration on X‐ray‐induced oxidative toxicity in blood of smoker and nonsmoker X‐ray technicians. Twenty technicians and 30 healthy age‐matched subjects control were used in the study. Ten of the X‐ray technicians and 15 of the control were smokers. Blood samples were taken from the control. Oral vitamin C (500 mg) and vitamin E (150 mg) were daily supplemented to the smoker and nonsmoker X‐ray technicians for 5 weeks. Blood samples were taken from the X‐ray technicians after and before 5 weeks. Plasma and erythrocytes lipid peroxidation (LP), reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, erythrocytes glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px), and plasma antioxidant vitamin concentrations were investigated in control and X‐ray technicians with smoker and nonsmoker. Plasma and erythrocytes LP levels were higher in the total X‐ray group and smoker X‐ray group than in control and nonsmoker X‐ray group, respectively although the LP level was decreased by the VCE treatment. The plasma vitamin C, vitamin A, vitamin E, and β‐carotene concentrations were lower in the X‐ray group than in control although their concentrations were increased by the treatment. The erythrocytes GSH level and GSH‐Px activity were found to be higher in the treatment group than in the X‐ray group. Plasma GSH level was not found to be different in all group. Reactive oxygen species may play role in the mechanism that has been proposed to explain the biological side effect of X‐ray radiation and smoke. VCE prevents the smoke and X‐ray‐induced oxidative stress to strengthen antioxidant vitamin concentrations in the blood of the technicians. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
2.
The combined effects of vitamin E and selenium were studied in native Anatolian horses subject to strenuous exercise. The
concentrations of copper, zinc, iron, calcium, potassium, and magnesium were determined in serum by atomic absorption spectrometry
in two study groups (n = 25 each), one of which served as untreated controls. After exercising the horses by running 1,500 m in about 7 min, only
the copper level and the copper/zinc ratio significantly increased (p < 0.05), but the concentrations of calcium, potassium, iron, and magnesium remained unchanged. In horses treated with vitamin
E and selenium, the calcium and potassium levels decreased to levels lower than those of untreated controls before and after
exercise. The iron levels were not changed by exercise or treatment alone but increased when the horses had been supplemented
and exercised. The copper level and the copper/zinc ration increased as a result of exercise in both treated and untreated
horses. These changes suggest that supplementation with vitamin E and selenium had an important effect on the serum concentrations
of calcium, potassium, copper, iron, and the copper/zinc ratio. 相似文献
3.
H Vural K Uzun E Uz A Ko?yigit A Cigli O Akyol 《Journal of trace elements in medicine and biology》2000,14(2):88-91
In this study, serum copper, zinc, magnesium, iron and calcium concentrations were investigated in 40 patients with bronchial asthma (BA) and in 43 healthy subjects. Copper and calcium levels were found to be increased in patients with BA compared to the control group (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001 respectively). On the other hand, the serum zinc level was significantly lower in healthy subjects (p < 0.01). No changes were found in serum magnesium and iron levels in patients with BA compared to controls. In addition to various elements, certain serum proteins such as albumin, transferrin and ferritin were also assessed to determine whether there was a relationship between the elements and proteins in patients with BA. There was only a significant decrease in albumin concentration in patients with BA (p < 0.05). 相似文献
4.
Mehmet Okan Özkaya Mustafa Nazıroğlu Cihan Barak Murat Berkkanoglu 《Biological trace element research》2011,139(1):1-9
We investigated effects of multivitamin/mineral supplementation on element levels in serum and follicular fluid of women undergoing
IVF. We used three groups in this study. The first group was used as an age-matched and nonpregnant control (n = 13). Group 2 (n = 30) constituted the IVF group and women in the third group who were undergoing IVF also received a multivitamin/mineral
tablet daily for 45 days. Follicular fluid and serum selenium and zinc levels and follicular fluid copper levels were lower
in IVF patients than in controls although follicular fluid aluminum and iron levels were higher in IVF patients than in controls.
However, follicular fluid and serum aluminum, copper, zinc and selenium levels, and serum magnesium levels were higher in
the multivitamin/mineral group than in the IVF group although follicular fluid iron levels were lower in the multivitamin/mineral
group than in the IVF group. In conclusion, we observed that copper, zinc, and selenium in serum and follicular fluid decreased
in women undergoing IVF. Multivitamin/mineral supplementation in serum and follicular fluid of women undergoing IVF normalized
the trace element levels. 相似文献
5.
Berit G. Ceylan Mustafa Nazıroğlu A. Cihangir Uğuz Cihan Barak Bülent Erdem Lütfi Yavuz 《Biological trace element research》2011,141(1-3):16-25
We investigated effects of vitamin C and E (VCE) administration on desflurane-induced oxidative toxicity and element changes in the blood of operative patients under desflurane general anesthesia. Forty American Society of Anesthesiologists I or II Physical Status adult patients were scheduled for elective surgery. The patients were randomly divided into two groups. Control and VCE group was introduced to anesthesia with desflurane. VCE was administreted to patients in the control and VCE group before 1 hour of anesthesia with desflurane. Baseline (preoperative) and postoperative (at the 1st, the 24th, and 72th h), blood samples were taken from the first and second groups. Erythrocyte and plasma lipid peroxidation levels at the 1st, 24th, and 72th hours were higher in the control than in baseline group, although their levels at the same periods were lower in the VCE group than in the control. Vitamin E levels at the postoperative 1st and 24th hours and erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity at the postoperative 1st, 24th, and 72th hours was lower than in baseline values. Erythrocyte GSH-Px activity and plasma vitamins A, C, and E levels at the postoperative 1st, 24th, and 72th hours were higher in the VCE group than in the control group. Erythrocyte and plasma reduced glutathione, plasma β-carotene, and serum copper, while zinc, selenium, aluminum, iron, magnesium, and calcium levels did not differ between preoperative and postoperative periods in both groups. In conclusion, VCE combination prevented the desflurane-induced vitamin E and GSH-Px consumptions to strengthen the antioxidant levels in the blood of operative patients. 相似文献
6.
Shun-Zhi Liu Hong Yan Peng Xu Jian-Ping Li Gui-Hua Zhuang Bo-Feng Zhu She-Min Lu 《Biological trace element research》2009,131(3):205-214
The objective of this paper is to investigate the correlation between serum macro-element and trace element contents and bone
mineral density (BMD) as well as the occurrence of osteoporosis. After the epidemiological investigation of 290 postmenopausal
women from ages 45 to 65 in the Xi’an urban area, their blood was collected and serum concentrations of macro-elements, calcium,
phosphonium, potassium, sodium, magnesium, and trace elements, zinc, iron, copper, and selenium were determined using atomic
absorption spectrometry. Their BMD was measured by QDR-2000 dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). The correlation analysis
between BMD and serum element contents was done with the software of SPSS 13.0. The correlation analysis of serum elements
of postmenopausal women showed that there was a significant correlation between serum calcium and the other elements, and
also a significant correlation between serum phosphonium and the others except serum potassium. The serum potassium content
had a significant correlation with serum calcium, sodium and iron, but sodium content showed a significant correlation with
the others except iron and selenium. In addition, copper had a significant correlation with the others except potassium and
selenium. In correlation analysis between BMD and the elements contents, only did the potassium content show a significant
positive correlation with BMD of lumbar vertebra and proximal femora. The comparison results between osteoporosis group, osteopenia
group, and healthy group showed that there was no significant difference in the element contents between the groups, but there
existed a tendency that potassium content increased with the rise of BMD. There exist significant correlations between the
contents of serum elements such as calcium, phosphonium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, zinc, iron, copper, and selenium, but
no significant differences in these elements contents between the osteoporosis group, osteopenia group, and healthy group.
Serum potassium content shows a significant positive correlation with BMD, suggesting potassium may be involved in the development
of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. 相似文献
7.
Joanna Suliburska Paweł Bogdański Danuta Pupek-Musialik Zbigniew Krejpcio 《Biological trace element research》2011,139(2):137-150
Inadequate minerals intake, as well as disruption of some metabolic processes in which microelements are cofactors, are suggested
to lead to the development of hypertension. The role of minerals in the pathogenesis of hypertension still remains to be explained.
In the present study, we sought to determine associations between serum and hair mineral concentrations and serum lipids and
glucose levels. Forty obese hypertensive subjects with insulin resistance and 40 healthy volunteers were recruited in the
study. Blood pressure, BMI, and insulin resistance were recorded in all subjects. Levels of lipids, glucose, sodium and potassium,
iron, copper, zinc, magnesium, and calcium were assessed in serum. Iron, copper, zinc, magnesium, and calcium were assessed
in hair. Dietary intake of the analyzed minerals was estimated. We found distinctly higher concentrations of serum iron and
serum and hair calcium as well as markedly lower levels of hair zinc in the hypertensive subjects. The study group manifested
also significantly lower daily intake of calcium, magnesium, and iron. We observed a relationship between the concentrations
of iron, zinc, and copper in serum and hair and high and low range of cholesterol, triglycerides, and glucose serum levels
in the studied patients. Moreover, this study demonstrated significant correlation between serum and hair concentrations of
selected minerals and their dietary intake and levels of serum lipids and glucose and blood pressure in the study and the
control groups. The obtained results seem to indicate the association between lipid and glucose metabolism and iron, copper,
zinc, and calcium concentrations in blood and hair of hypertensive and obese patients with insulin resistance. 相似文献
8.
Pasa S Kargin F Bildik A Seyrek K Ozbel Y Ozensoy S 《Biological trace element research》2003,94(2):141-147
The aim of this study was to determine the zinc, iron, copper, calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium levels in blood serum and
zinc and copper levels in hair of dogs with canine visceral leishmaniasis. The serum zinc and iron levels were found to be
significantly lower in diseased dogs than those of healthy controls. Serum copper levels were significantly higher, whereas
no significant differences were observed for calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium. There were no significant differences in
the zinc and copper levels in hair. Our results show that the serum zinc, iron, and copper levels are altered in canine leishmaniasis. 相似文献
9.
Bicer M Akil M Sivrikaya A Kara E Baltaci AK Mogulkoc R 《Journal of physiology and biochemistry》2011,67(4):511-517
The present study aims to examine the effect of supplementation of zinc on the distribution of various elements in the sera
of diabetic rats subjected to an acute swimming exercise. A total of 80 Sprague–Dawley-type adult male rats were equally allocated
to one of eight groups: Group 1, general; Group 2, zinc-supplemented; Group 3, zinc-supplemented diabetic; Group 4, swimming
control; Group 5, zinc-supplemented swimming; Group 6, zinc-supplemented diabetic swimming; Group 7, diabetic swimming; and
Group 8, diabetes. The rats were injected with 40 mg/kg/day subcutaneous streptozotocin (STZ) twice, with a 24-h interval
between two injections. Zinc was supplemented at a dose of 6 mg/kg/day (ip) for 4 weeks. Blood samples were collected at the
end of the 4-week study, and serum levels of lead, cobalt, molybdenum, chrome, sulfur, magnesium, manganese, sodium, potassium,
phosphorus, copper, iron, calcium, zinc, and selenium (mg/L) were determined with atomic emission. The lowest molybdenum,
chrome, copper, iron, potassium, magnesium, sodium, phosphorus, lead, selenium, and zinc values were obtained in Group 7 and
8. These same parameters were higher in the swimming exercise group (Group 4), relative to all other groups. The values in
zinc-supplemented groups were found lower than the values in Group 4, but higher than those in Group 6 and 7. The results
obtained from the study demonstrate that acute swimming exercise and diabetes affect the distribution of various elements
in the serum, while zinc supplementation can prevent the negative conditions associated with both exercise and diabetes. 相似文献
10.
In this study, copper, zinc, magnesium, manganese, selenium, and iron were measured by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrophotometry in patients with tuberculous (TB) pleurisy (n?=?24) and in the control group (n?=?20). Selenium, magnesium, and zinc were found to be significantly lower in TB pleurisy cases than those in the control group (p?<?0.01, p?<?0.001, and p?<?0.001, respectively). There was no significant difference in the value of manganese and iron between TB pleurisy and the control group (p?>?0.05). Copper levels were significantly increased in the serum of the patients (p?<?0.0001). These results may provide an additional disease correlate for assessing TB pleurisy risk. 相似文献
11.
We investigated the effect of 17β-estradiol (E2) alone and separately vitamin E treatment on trace element status of rats following an ovariectomic operation. Forty rats
were equally divided into four groups: Group 1, control, non-ovariectomized rats; Group 2, (OVX) rats, ovariectomized under
general anesthesia; Group 3, (OVX+E2) rats, the group received a 40 μg kg−1 subcutan dose of E2 per day after ovariectomy; and Group 4, (OVX + E2 + vitamin E) rats, received the same E2 treatment, but with an additional 100 mg kg−1 intraperitoneal dose of vitamin E per day after ovariectomy. At the end of the 30-day experiment, the rats were sacrificed
and their blood was collected for the measurement of zinc, copper, iron, phosphorus, selenium, magnesium, calcium, manganese,
and chromium; copper–zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD); manganese-superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD); glutathione peroxidase (Se-GSH-Px);
and catalase (CAT). The levels of zinc, copper, iron, phosphorus, selenium, calcium, chromium, and manganese and activities
of SOD, Mn-SOD, Se-GSH-Px, and CAT were lower in the OVX than in the control group, but magnesium level was unaffected. However,
zinc, copper, iron, phosphorus, selenium, calcium, chromium, and manganese levels and SOD, Mn-SOD, Se-GSH-Px, and CAT activities
were higher under separate E2 and E2 + vitamin E treatments. The level of magnesium in the treated-OVX groups was not different than in the OVX group. In conclusion,
E2 treatment has an ameliorating effect on the trace element status in OVX, and this effect may be enhanced with the addition
of vitamin E. 相似文献
12.
Selenium, iron, copper, and zinc levels and copper-to-zinc ratios in serum of patients at different stages of viral hepatic diseases 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
Viral hepatic diseases, especially those induced by the hepatitis B virus, can progress into more serious pathological outcomes
and eventually to hepatocellular carcinoma. A growing body of evidence indicates that many trace elements play important roles
in a number of carcinogenic processes that proceed through various mechanisms. To examine the status of trace elements during
the development of hepatic carcinoma, we determined the selenium, iron, copper, and zinc levels and copper-to-zinc ratios
in the serum of patients at different stages of viral hepatic disease. We observed significant changes in the selenium, iron
copper, and zinc levels in the serum of patients having hepatocellular carcinoma, relative to those of healthy controls (p<0.05). The mean serum copper level in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma was significantly higher than that of the control
group. In contrast, the mean selenium, iron, and zinc levels in patients having hepatocellular carcinoma were significantly
lower than those of the control group. In addition, the mean zinc level in the serum of patients with hepatic cirrhosis was
significantly lower than that of the control group (p<0.05). Moreover, we found markedly elevated Cu: Zn ratios (p<0.05) in patients having hepatic cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. Our findings imply that the levels of some trace
elements, such as selenium, iron, copper, and zinc, and Cu:Zn ratios, might serve as biomarkers for the increased severity
of viral hepatic damage. 相似文献
13.
目的:探讨肺炎患儿血清维生素D及微量元素监测的临床意义。方法:选取我院2015年1月-2016年1月收治的600例肺炎患儿为观察组及同期来我院体检的健康儿童400例为对照组,检测两组受试儿童的维生素D、铁、锌、钙、铜、镁水平。结果:观察组患儿锌、铁缺乏比例均明显高于健康儿童(P0.05),两组钙、铜、镁缺乏比例相比差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组1岁以下(包括1岁,婴儿期)、1-3岁(包括3岁,幼儿期)、3-6岁(包括6岁,学龄前)患儿体内锌、铁含量明显低于同年龄段健康儿童(P0.05),各组钙、铜、镁含量相比差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组受试儿童体内25-羟基维生素D含量及其缺乏情况相比差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:锌和铁缺乏可能与儿童肺炎的发生发展具有一定的关系,及时补充锌和铁有助于提高患儿免疫力,促进患儿恢复。 相似文献
14.
The intestinal parasites are noted to be an important health problem in Turkey as similarly reported in the globe. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in total content of essential elements, namely, zinc, iron, copper, cobalt, magnesium, and selenium, in children infected with intestinal parasites aged between 6 and 12 years inhabiting in Hatay Province, Turkey. These essential elements were measured in the children/patient who was positive for intestinal parasites, Giardia intestinalis and Enterobius vermicularis. Scores were obtained from the positive study group (SG), and their age matched the healthy children control group (CG). Serological levels of zinc, iron, copper, cobalt, magnesium, and selenium were analyzed by Varian Liberty Series II inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-AES). The mean magnesium concentrations were found to be statistically different at 95% confidence interval level between study groups. As a result of this study, selenium was found to be uncorrelated with all other elements examined; whereas, copper was observed to have statistically significant correlations with cobalt, magnesium, and zinc. In addition, cobalt-magnesium, cobalt-zinc, and magnesium-zinc metal pairs were found to have statistically significant correlations based on study findings. 相似文献
15.
Gürgöze MK Olçücü A Aygün AD Taskin E Kiliç M 《Biological trace element research》2006,111(1-3):23-29
In the present study, the serum and hair levels of zinc, selenium, and copper were determined in children with iron-deficiency
anemia (IDA). A total of 52 anemic children aged 1–4 yr constituted the study group. Fortysix healthy children acted as controls.
The copper and zinc levels were measured with an atomic absorption spectrophometer. Serum and hair selenium was determined
by a spectroflourometric method. The serum zinc and selenium concentrations in the IDA group were found to be significantly
lower and serum copper significantly higher than those in the controls (p<0.05). Lower iron, zinc, and selenium concentrations (p<0.001) but not copper were found in hair (p>0.05). 相似文献
16.
Pregnant women in developing countries are vulnerable to multiple micronutrient deficiencies. Studies assessing serum levels
of the micronutrients and magnitude of their deficiencies are very scarce in African subjects. This study was aimed at determining
serum levels of micronutrients in 375 pregnant (42 HIV seropositive) and 76 non-pregnant women (20 HIV seropositive) who visited
the University of Gondar Hospital, Gondar, Ethiopia. Serum concentrations of zinc,\ copper, selenium, calcium, and magnesium
were determined using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. Irrespective of HIV serostatus, pregnant women had
significantly higher serum concentrations of copper and copper/zinc ratio and significantly lower magnesium compared to those
in non-pregnant women (P < 0.05). Except for selenium, which was significantly lower in HIV-seropositive pregnant women (P < 0.05), the mean serum concentrations of zinc, copper, calcium, and magnesium were not significantly different between pregnant
women by HIV serostatus. The prevalence of deficiency in zinc, magnesium, selenium, and calcium in the pregnant women, irrespective
of their HIV serostatus, was 66.7%, 25.6%, 21.9%, and 9.3%, respectively. The magnitude of deficiency in zinc, magnesium,
and selenium was significantly higher in HIV seropositive pregnant women (76.2%, 52.4%, and 45.2%) than that in HIV-seronegative
pregnant women (65.5%, 22.2%, and 18.9%) and in HIV-seronegative non-pregnant women (42.9%, 8.1%, and 30.4%; P < 0.05). Deficiency in one, two, three, or four mineral elements was observed in 44.8%, 14.4%, 9.9%, and 5.1% of the pregnant
women, respectively. Only 25.9% of the pregnant women and 44.7% of the non-pregnant women were not deficient in any of the
micronutrients. The high prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies in pregnant and non-pregnant women in Gondar, Ethiopia warrants
the need for strategies on prevention and control of the deficiencies. 相似文献
17.
Sivrikaya A Bicer M Akil M Baltaci AK Mogulkoc R 《Biological trace element research》2012,147(1-3):195-199
In this study, we report the effect of zinc supplementation on the distribution of elements in kidney tissue of diabetic rats subjected to acute swimming exercise. Diabetes was induced by two subcutaneous injections of 40 mg/kg of streptozotocin within a 24-h period. Zinc was given intraperitoneally at a dose of 6 mg/kg per day for a period of 4 weeks. The rats (n = 80) were equally divided into eight study groups: controls, zinc-supplemented, swimming, diabetic, zinc-supplemented diabetic, zinc-supplemented swimming, diabetic swimming, and zinc-supplemented diabetic swimming. The levels of lead, cobalt, molybdenum, chromium, boron, magnesium, iron, copper, calcium, zinc, and selenium were determined in the kidney tissue samples by ICP-AES. Higher molybdenum, calcium, zinc, and selenium values were found in both swimming and nonswimming diabetic rats. Significantly higher iron values were found in swimming, diabetic, diabetic swimming, and zinc-supplemented diabetic swimming rats (p < 0.001). Diabetic, zinc-supplemented diabetic, diabetic swimming, and zinc-supplemented diabetic swimming rats had the highest copper values. These results show that zinc supplementation normalized the higher levels of molybdenum, calcium, selenium, and iron levels seen in diabetic rats, indicating that zinc may have a regulatory effect on element metabolism in kidney tissue. 相似文献
18.
目的:研究复合疲劳大鼠血液、肌肉、肝脏和脑中矿物元素代谢变化的影响。方法:将30只大鼠随机分为正常对照组、食物限制组和复合疲劳组。经过5天的实验干预后,提取动物的血液、腓肠肌、肝脏和脑,并利用原子吸收分光光度法测量各组织中的钾(K)、钙(Ca)、镁(Mg)、铁(Fe)、锌(Zn)和铜(Cu)。结果:相对正常对照组和食物限制组,复合疲劳大鼠的肌肉、肝脏和脑中的K(P<0.01)和肝脏中的Fe(P<005)明显升高,血液中的Cu(与正常对照组比较P<0.01,与食物限制组比较P<0.05)明显下降;与对照组相比,复合疲劳大鼠的血液中的K明显升高(P<0.05),血液中的Mg和Zn(P<0.05),肌肉中的Ca、Mg和Zn(PCa<0.05,PMg<0.05,PZn<0.01),肝脏中的Ca和Zn(PCa<0.01,PZn<0.05),以及脑中的Fe、Mg和Zn(PFe<0.05,PMg<0.05,PZn<0.01)明显降低。结论:在复合疲劳状态下,大鼠血液、肌肉、肝脏和脑中的K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Zn和Cu代谢发生变化,可能在疲劳的发生与缓解中发挥作用。 相似文献
19.
Jana Kadrabová Alexander Madáriĉ Mária Šustrová Emil Ginter 《Biological trace element research》1996,54(3):201-206
Being cofactors of important antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), which are significantly
modified in Down's syndrome (trisomy 21), serum levels of microtrace elements zinc, copper, and selenium and of macroelement
magnesium are reported in 16 subjects with Down's syndrome (DS) and their respective well age- and sex-matched controls. Serum
zinc and selenium levels were significantly lowered in DS subjects, whereas copper levels were elevated. Consequently, a marked
increase (40%) of the copper/zinc ratio in DS persons was observed. There were no differences in serum levels of magnesium
between DS and control subjects. 相似文献
20.
Changes in essential trace elements and heavy metals may affect the atherosclerotic state of patients on maintenance hemodialysis (HD). The aim of the study was to evaluate the relation between the serum levels of some trace elements and heavy metals (iron, zinc, manganese, copper, magnesium, cobalt, cadmium, lead, and copper/zinc ratio) and carotid artery intima-media thickness (CIMT) in HD patients. Fifty chronic HD patients without known atherosclerotic disease and 48 age- and sex-matched healthy individuals were included in the study. The serum levels of trace elements (iron, zinc, manganese, copper, and magnesium) and heavy metals (cobalt, cadmium, and lead) were measured by Atomic Adsorption Spectrophotometer (UNICAM-929). CIMT was assessed by carotid artery ultrasonography. The serum levels of iron, zinc, and manganese were lower; levels of copper, magnesium, cobalt, cadmium, lead, and copper/zinc ratio were higher in HD patients compared to controls. CIMT in HD patients were higher than the control group (0.64?±?0.11 vs 0.42?±?0.05, p?0.001). There was a significant negative correlation between CIMT and serum levels of zinc (r?=?-0.70, p?0.01), iron (r?=?-0.71, p?0.01), and manganese (r?=?-0.47, p?0.01), while there was a significant positive correlation between CIMT and serum levels of copper (r?=?0.63, p?0.01), magnesium (r?=?0.77, p?0.01), cobalt (r?=?0.63, p?0.01), cadmium (r?=?0.48, p?0.01), lead (r?=?0.38, p?0.01), and copper/zinc ratio (r?=?0.68, p?0.01). A linear regression analysis showed that serum levels of magnesium, cadmium, lead, and copper/zinc ratio were still significantly and positively correlated with CIMT. We propose that copper/zinc ratio, magnesium and toxic metals cadmium and lead are independent determinants of CIMT in maintenance HD patients without known atherosclerotic disease. 相似文献