红麻种质资源根结线虫病抗性鉴定

为鉴定我国红麻种质资源对根结线虫病的抗病性,在对120份红麻遗传资源进行田间自然发病鉴定的基础上,选择25份有代表性(22份高抗和3份感病)的种质进行盆栽根结线虫病接种鉴定。田间自然发病鉴定结果:120份红麻遗传资源中5个高感、19个中感、25个中抗、71个高抗;其侵染的根结线虫主要为南方根结线虫(Meloidogyne incognita)、爪哇根结线虫(Meloidogyne javanica)和花生根结线虫(Meloidogyne arenria)的混合种群。进行盆栽接种鉴定的25份遗传资源中,7份为中抗,其余分别为中感和高感品种,未发现高抗或免疫品种。本研究可为红麻种质资源发掘利用提供科学依据。     

茄子种质资源的耐冷性鉴定

采用低温胁迫下幼苗叶片冷害指数、种子活力指数、叶片电导百分率为指标,对34份不同类型的茄子种质资源进行耐冷性鉴定。结果表明,活力指数与冷害指数、电导百分率均呈极显著负相关,电导百分率与冷害指数呈极显著正相关。通过耐冷隶属函数值和聚类分析,初步筛选出11份耐冷性较强的材料。     

中国黍稷种质资源耐盐性鉴定

对来源于我国14省(区)的6518份黍稷种质资源,以苗期耐盐级别作为综合评价的标准,通过3次耐盐性鉴定,筛选出高度耐盐种质22份,占鉴定种质总数的0.34%,耐盐种质120份,占1.84%。这些种质在遗传育种和生产中具有极高的利用价值,是珍贵的耐盐育种材料。     

低酚棉种质资源耐盐性鉴定

为了解决粮棉争地矛盾,棉花向更加盐碱干旱区域发展是大势所趋。因此进行耐盐鉴定筛选抗性种质意义重大。本研究在培养室条件下,利用发芽盒和石英砂对179份来源不同的低酚棉种质资源的耐盐性进行了评价。结果表明,179份低酚棉资源材料中,没有高抗材料;抗盐材料4份,占所鉴定材料的2.2%;耐盐材料54份,占30.2%;盐敏感材料121份,占67.6%。筛选出8份耐盐性突出的材料,其耐盐性达到了耐盐或抗盐的水平,包括豫无424、衡无87-306、中无1651、中无3385、多毛101、中无374-G、中无1038和中无642,这些材料在盐胁迫下的相对成活苗率均在70%以上。国内材料耐盐性好于国外材料,国内材料中河北省、山东省、河南省的材料耐盐性明显好于其他省份。本研究筛选出了耐盐性好的低酚棉材料,为低酚棉育种提供了优异的种质资源。     

柚类种质资源分类鉴定初步研究

结合柚的形态与生理生化指标进行主成分分析,对柚的传统分类进行了综合评价,证明传统分类的内在合理性;参照RAPD分子标记研究结果,将传统分类与分子系统分类相对照,对柚类种质资源的分类鉴定进行了初步讨论与分析,可以看出,将传统分类方法与分子标记技术结合起来,更能科学有效地分类鉴定柚类种质,指导生产实践.     

浙江省甘薯种质资源的品质鉴定与聚类分析

开展甘薯种质资源的品质鉴定评价,可以系统地了解种质的营养价值、食用品质和加工性能,为甘薯生产的品种选择和种质资源的育种利用提供依据.对2017-2019年浙江省第三次全国农作物种质资源普查与收集行动中征集的62份甘薯种质进行了干物率、胡萝卜素含量、生薯和熟薯可溶性糖含量以及食味的测定,并进行了品质性状的主成分和系统聚类...     

平榛种质资源坚果农艺性状鉴定与评价研究

平榛是我国重要的榛属植物资源,为鉴定、评价和保护平榛种质资源,提高其利用效率,采用主成分分析和聚类分析方法对99份平榛种质资源坚果的主要农艺性状进行了鉴定和综合评价。结果表明:平榛种质资源坚果的24个性状具有丰富的遗传多样性;10个数量性状的主成分分析确定了4类影响因子,反映了育种选择方向及潜力;基于各种质间形态性状的遗传差异,将99份平榛种质划分为5大类群,第Ⅰ类群可作为选育果面光滑品种的育种和候选亲本材料,第Ⅱ类群可作为选育大粒型、适宜机械化加工的育种和候选亲本材料,第Ⅲ类群具有作为市场产品的潜力,第Ⅳ类群可作为选育圆形、果面无条纹的育种和候选亲本材料,第Ⅴ类群可作为选育高丰产性品种的育种和候选亲本材料。上述研究为平榛种质资源的评价、保护和选优工作提供了基础数据。     

茶树种质资源抗病性鉴定

１９８７～１９９５年开展了茶树种质资源抗病性鉴定研究．经田间和室内鉴定试验,从３４份资源材料中筛选出对茶轮斑病高抗材料１份,抗性材料１１份;从３０份资源材料中筛选出对茶苗根结线虫病高抗材料５份,抗性材料１３份．从而为抗病育种或推广生产提供了抗源材料,同时也为抗性机制及遗传规律研究提供了基础．     

玉米种质资源抗矮花叶病鉴定

采用摩擦接种方法,鉴定了3995份玉米种质对玉米矮花叶病毒(SCMV-MDB)的抗病性。经重复鉴定,筛选出抗病优良自交系73份,抗病丰产杂交种80份。玉米不同类群种质,对SCMV-MDB的抗病性有明显差异,改良Reid、Lancaster、旅大红骨类群种质大部分表现感病;塘四平头、外杂先锋选系类群种质大多数表现抗病。在不同类型种质中,硬粒型、马齿型和半马齿型表现抗病的较多,糯质型较少,甜质型和爆裂型中尚未发现抗源。     

抗花叶病烟草种质资源的鉴定与筛选

本研究以不同来源、不同类型的46个烟草品种为试验材料,进行抗烟草普通花叶病（TMV）特性的田间鉴定和分子鉴定,为筛选抗病烟草种质奠定基础。结果表明,22个品种的烟草抗TMV特性田间鉴定结果与前人鉴定结果基本相同,从24个前人未鉴定的烟草品种中初步筛选出14个中抗品种,8个中感品种和2个感病品种;通过抗TMV基因（CN）的特异引物进行扩增,36个烟草品种的基因组DNA具有特异性片段;通过分子鉴定和田间鉴定的结果比较,62.9%的具有CN或其同源基因的烟草品种田间鉴定表现为中抗或高抗,83.3%的具有CN或其同源基因的选育烟草品种田间鉴定表现为中抗或高抗;结合两种方法,初步确定了3个中感品种和11个中抗品种。     

红麻品种(系)表型性状的因子和聚类分析

依据红麻高产育种目标,利用因子分析和聚类分析对40个红麻品种(系)的9个表型性状进行分析。结果表明:供试材料9个表型性状的变异系数为5.13%~25.33%,具有较大差异和丰富的遗传多样性;对供试红麻材料进行聚类分析,可分为3大类,其中,第Ⅲ类群属理想的高产品系。二维排序分析,评选出7个综合性状表现较好的亲本,T17-2、福红951、FH航992、H1301、ZHKX-01、福航优1号、福航优3号共7个品系,可在生产和育种中加以利用。     

Germplasm evaluation of Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) for alternative biomass for cellulosic ethanol production

Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) is an annual fiber crop grown mainly in India and China. This crop is becoming a new bio‐based energy source because of its fast growth rate, excellent CO₂ absorption ability, and large productivity per unit area. In this study, we evaluated 10 different cultivars of kenaf for their potential as biomass for cellulosic ethanol production. First, kenaf samples were hydrolyzed using dilute sulfuric acid, which is the most simple and cost‐effective pretreatment method. Next, simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) of the hydrolysates were performed by wild‐type and engineered xylose‐fermenting yeast strains. The results of compositional analysis of the biomass, the hydrolysates, and the fermented products suggested that ethanol yield and productivity were significantly affected by a type of kenaf cultivars, which was not predictable based on the biomass compositions. Also, the ethanol production was maximized when the xylose fraction was utilized by engineered yeast under the control of pH to avoid acetate inhibition. Considering the sugar compositions and their fermentability, kenaf can be a promising energy‐dedicated crop for cellulosic ethanol production.     

Multiple Shoot Regeneration from Young Shoots of Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus)

A method was developed to initiate multiple shoots from the young shoot of kenaf. Young shoots along with the cotyledons were excised from ten-day old aseptically germinated seeds and pre-cultured for two weeks in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with benzyl adenine (BA) or a combination of BA and kinetin. After two weeks in culture, elongated shoots were excised above the cotyledonary nodes and cultured on fresh medium of the same composition. Multiple shoots were initiated within eight weeks. The number of shoots varied among cultivars. The highest number of shoots (11/explant) occured in cultivar Tainung 2 (T2) cultured in MS medium supplemented with 8.8 μM BA. Concentrations of BA higher than 8.8 μM had a negative effect on the number of shoots. Furthermore, callus growth was initiated from which morphologically abnormal shoots were induced. Kinetin had a significant effect only on cultivar Everglades 41 (E41). Shoot elongation and rooting were obtained simultaneously in half strength MS basal medium with no plant growth regulators. About 98% of the rooted plants were grown to maturity under greenhouse conditions. This method was successful with all four genotypes tested. However, significant genotypic variations were observed among the genotypes.     

Characterization and Cytopathology of Hibiscus Latent Ringspot Virus Isolated from Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) in Italy

Hibiscus latent ringspot virus (HLRV) was isolated from kenaf plants (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) in Italy. and identified as III. RV by its host range, purification, electron microscopy and serology. Ultrastructural studies showed that infected plants contained membranous cytoplasmic inclusion bodies. characteristic of nepoviruses, and sometimes also crystalline aggregates.     

Genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationship of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) accessions evaluated by SRAP and ISSR

Understanding genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships is useful for plant breeding. In this study, we assessed the genetic diversity in a panel of 84 accessions of kenaf from 26 countries using SRAP and ISSR markers. The kenaf accessions could be divided into L1 (60 cultivated varieties) and L2 (24 wild accessions) at the level of 0.145 genetic dissimilarity coefficient by UPGMA. The L₂ group was further divided into two subgroups (16 relative-wide and 9 origin wide accessions) at the level of 0.207 genetic dissimilarity. Out of the 9 wild accessions in the L₂ group, 6 were from Tanzania and the remaining 3 lines were from Kenya. These results suggest that the center of origin for kenaf might be Tanzania and Kenya.     

Wild Kenaf,Hibiscus cannabinus L. (Malvaceae), and related species in Kenya and Tanzania

Kenaf,Hibiscus cannabinus L., occurs as a wild and ruderal plant in Kenya and Tanzania. It is polymorphic, varying in height, growth habit, spininess, flower color, and size of floral parts, capsules, and seeds. It occupies several distinct environmental niches, from low-lying meadows close to swamps and streams to semi-arid grassland /thornbush plains. It is also found in various weedy situations, such as cultivated and fallow fields, and fence- and hedgerows. At least one ecotype appears to be specifically adapted as a weed of cultivated fields. Leaves and stem-tips of this plant are used as food. It is not cultivated for this purpose, although it is sometimes encouraged in fields of maize, cassava, and perhaps other crops. It is apparently not used for fiber by the natives, possibly because fiber of the introduced sisal (Agave sisalana Perr.) is readily available everywhere. Kenaf fiber is produced commercially on a plantation in Tanzania, from a cultivar developed in Guatemala. The occurrence of twelve other taxa of Hibiscus section Furcaria in East Africa is discussed briefly.     

广东省果梅种质资源主要性状的鉴定评价

阐述了广东省果梅种质资源的果实主要性状、生物学特性和植物学特征(主要包括栽培类型、果形、果重、肉质、果实可食率、果实内含物、果核核尖尖度、果实成熟期、花、树型和抗病性等),结果表明:(1)广东果梅种质资源变异广泛,蕴含有大量可供生产利用的优良种质;(2)栽培上有白梅、青梅、红梅和黄梅4类;(3)成熟期4月上旬至5月上旬,为我国最早熟的品种群。并介绍了优良品种的选育和推广利用情况。     

Multiple shoot regeneration of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) from a shoot apex culture system

 In this research, a medium was developed that would stimulate multiple shoot initiation from shoot apex explants of Hibiscus cannabinus L. (kenaf). Adventitious shoot formation on a shoot induction media supplemented with combinations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) (0, 0.5, 2.3 μmol·l^–1) and thidiazuron (N-phenyl-N′-1,2,3-thiadiazol-5-ylurea; TDZ) (0, 1, 5, 20 μmol·l^–1) was evaluated. Multiple shoot induction medium with 1 μmol·TDZ l^–1 resulted in the highest number of regenerated shoots per explant for all three kenaf cultivars tested (Tainung 1, Tainung 2, and Everglades 71). The 2,4-D did not enhance multiple shoot formation. Additionally, kenaf cultivars 7N and SF459 also produced multiple shoots on the induction medium with 1 μmol·TDZ l^–1. Multiple shoot clumps formed after 2 weeks in culture without callus formation. Shoots elongated and rooted within 2 weeks after subculture on a plant growth regulator-free medium. A histological study demonstrated the de novo regeneration of shoots from the shoot apex. Received: 2 February 2000 / Revision received: 30 March 2000 / Accepted: 22 June 2000     

Genetic Diversity of Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) Evaluated by Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR)

Understanding genetic diversity is very useful for scientific utilization for breeding. In this study, we estimated the genetic distances in a panel of 84 kenaf accessions collected from 26 countries and regions using ISSR markers. The results of UPGMA analysis showed that kenaf germplasm had abundant genetic variation, with genetic dissimilarity coefficients ranging from 0.01 to 0.62. The in-group dissimilarity coefficient (0.29) was observed in 84 kenaf accessions, and all the accessions could be divided into three groups: cultivars (L_1–1), relatively wild species (L_1–2 and L_1–3), and wild species (the others). Further in-group analysis in group L_1–1 (0.19) revealed that the kenaf cultivars could be divided into five subgroups with distinct regional characteristics. It is imperative that genes be exchanged among all kinds of tested varieties from different origins. The results provide a useful basis for kenaf germplasm research and breeding.