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1.
本文对江苏省丹阳县儿童1936、1956及1985年的生长发育资料进行了对比分析。观察到,半个世纪来,该县7—14岁男女儿童身高分别增长了9.3、11.4厘米,体重平均增长了3.9、4.0公斤,坐高平均增长了4.2、5.0厘米,表现出明显的生长长期加速趋势。1956—1985年阶段的身高每10年增长值显著大于1936—1956年阶段(P<0.01),而体重每10年增长值在两个阶段间无明显差异(P>0.05)。以1985年实测体重均数与估计体重均数比较,女童明显地表现出体重增长相对不足,体型向细长型发展。本文还将丹阳县儿童生长长期趋势与南京市、上海市及日本国同时期、同年龄儿童的生长长期趋势进行了比较。 相似文献
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本文报道了河南省新乡地区4-13岁汉族儿童的18项体质指标的测试结果,并计算了8项体质发育指数;分析了本地区儿童生长发育的特点,并与文献资料进行了比较;据有关指数,确定该地区汉族儿童躯干部的体质类型为:长躯干型、窄胸型、窄肩型、窄骨盆型。 相似文献
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蒙古族的体格,体型和半个多世纪来的变化 总被引:14,自引:12,他引:14
对内蒙古自治区巴彦淖尔盟404名(男208名,女196名)20-60岁蒙古族进行了活体观察与测量,总结了蒙古族的体格特征和类型,并与半个多世纪以前蒙古族的体质资料进行了比较。 相似文献
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达斡尔族成人的体格,体型及半个多世纪来的变化 总被引:7,自引:3,他引:7
对内蒙古自治区莫力达瓦族353名(男187,女166)20-60岁达斡尔族进行了活体观察与测量,总结了达斡尔族的体格特征和类型。并在城乡之间和与半个世纪以前同一地区达斡尔族的体质资料之间进行了比较。 相似文献
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摘要 目的:对南京市玄武区3~5岁儿童患龋病进行流行病学调查,并分析患龋病的影响因素,及其对生长发育和营养素摄入的影响。方法:2020年3月~2022年2月期间,采用多阶段分层等容量随机抽样方法,随机抽取南京市玄武区6所幼儿园,共抽取792名3~5岁儿童,实际完成调查788人,响应率99.49%。记录南京市玄武区3~5岁儿童龋病发生情况,根据有无龋病发生分为龋病组(n=361)和无龋病组(n=427)。应用单因素和多因素Logistic回归性分析南京市玄武区3~5岁儿童龋病发生的影响因素。并观察龋病发生对儿童生长发育和营养素摄入的影响。结果:788例3~5岁儿童中,检查出存在龋病361人,发病率为45.81%。单因素分析显示,南京市玄武区3~5岁儿童龋病发生与年龄、喂养方式、糖摄入频次、睡前食用甜点、刷牙次数、开始刷牙年龄、家长口腔健康知识水平有关(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归性分析结果显示:年龄为5岁、喂养方式为全母乳、糖摄入频次为≥2次/d、睡前食用甜点是南京市玄武区3~5岁儿童龋病发生的危险因素(P<0.05),而家长口腔健康知识水平较高是南京市玄武区3~5岁儿童龋病发生的保护因素(P<0.05)。无龋病组的身高、体重、胸围、肺活量均大于龋病组(P<0.05)。龋病组的能量、蛋白质、脂肪、钙、铁、锌、维生素C、叶酸低于无龋病组(P<0.05)。结论:南京市玄武区3~5岁儿童龋病的发病率较高,龋病对生长发育和营养素摄入均有一定的影响,而年龄、喂养方式、糖摄入频次、睡前食用甜点、家长口腔健康知识水平均是龋病发生的影响因素。 相似文献
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本文分析了济南、青岛1962—2000年7—18岁儿童少年生长发育的长期变化趋势。38年间,济南市7—18岁男女生身高平均增长15 48cm(男)、12 09cm(女),体重平均增长15 76kg(男)、10 01kg(女),胸围平均增长7 88cm(男)、4 10cm(女);青岛市7—18岁男女生身高平均增长17 12cm(男)、13 19cm(女),体重平均增长16 98kg(男)、10 46kg(女),胸围平均增长6 72cm(男)、3 05cm(女)。青岛市男女生身高的增长幅度显著大于济南。 相似文献
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动物的部分身体结构和功能特征在生长发育过程中雌、雄两性之间出现差异,即产生性二型现象.动物体型的性二型现象是自然界长期进化和动物适应环境变化的结果,具有重要的进化学和生态学意义.麋鹿Elaphurus davidianus是典型的性二型哺乳动物.本文对147头麋鹿(♀57头,♂90头),幼体、亚成体和成体及0~4岁以上雌性5个年龄段、0~5岁以上雄性6个年龄段的14个体型参数进行测量分析.结果表明:北京南海子麋鹿种群幼体不存在体型性二型现象;各体型参数中,体质量的体型性二型现象最明显,其性二型指数在幼体、亚成体和成体3个发育阶段分别为0.995、1.381和1.423,显著递增;0~2岁期间麋鹿生长发育迅速,但不存在雌、雄两性之间的显著差异;雌性麋鹿1~2岁达到性成熟,3岁达到成年;雄性麋鹿5岁以上达到成年.受食物状况、种群密度、气候条件、温度等生境因子的影响,麋鹿体型大小和体型性二型性指数存在区域差异. 相似文献
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习舞青少年的体型初探 总被引:9,自引:4,他引:9
本文动用Heath-Carter体型法,探讨了呼和浩特市311例6-20岁经过舞蹈专业训练的青少年体型特点,结果显示,习舞青少年具有以外胚层因了占优势的各类体型,男性以偏中胚层型和外胚层型体型为主,女性则以偏内胚层型的外胚层型体型居多。同龄男女型间差异显著。同性别中相邻年龄组间体型无显著性差异。与其它群体相比,习舞青少年内胚层值较低,外胚层值明显高于普通同龄人。青春期阶段是形成这种体型特征的重要时 相似文献
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中国夏尔巴人是未识别民族。本文研究中国夏尔巴人体型特点,并通过夏尔巴人与中国其他族群体型比较,从体质人类学角度为夏尔巴人的族源研究提出新的证据。测量夏尔巴人的体质数据,采用Heath-Carter法计算夏尔巴人的体型值,通过主成分分析法分析夏尔巴人与其他族群体型的特点和相似程度,从体质人类学方面对夏尔巴人的族源提出看法。西藏夏尔巴人男性平均体型为均衡的中胚层体型,体脂发育水平中等,骨骼、肌肉比较发达,身体线性度中等。女性平均体型为偏内胚层的中胚层体型,夏尔巴人女性的体型特点是体脂欠发达,骨骼和肌肉含量中等,身体线性度中等。夏尔巴人男性、女性与怒族、木雅人、尔苏人体型接近。体部特征分析不支持夏尔巴人是藏族分支的观点。体型特征支持夏尔巴人源于党项羌的观点。 相似文献
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ZHANG Yingxiu 《人类学学报》2005,24(02):145
This article analysed the secular growth change of children aged 7 ) 18 in Jinan and Qingdao from 1962 to 2000. In the past thirty2eight years, the stature of children aged 7 ) 18 in Jinan showed an average increased 15148cm in boys and 12109cm in girls, with body weight increases of 15176kg for boys and 10101kg for girls. Chest measurement increases were 7188cm in boys and 14110cm in girls. In Qingdao, stature estimates averaged increases of 17112cm in boys and 13119cm in girls, body weight increases of 16198kg in boys and 10146kg in girls, and chest measurement increases 6172cm in boys and 3105cm in girls. Stature increases for children in Qingdao were significantly higher than children in Jinan. The difference in secular growth change of children between Jinan and Qingdao appeared from 1985 to 2000. 相似文献
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John M. McCullough Christine S. McCullough 《American journal of physical anthropology》1984,65(2):169-180
Age-specific secular trend patterns for children in industrialized world regions have a regular pattern, beginning low at age 6 and increasing to a maximum at age 10 to 14, then declining. While magnitude differs, the patterns are ordinarily parallel, especially in the female samples. However, age-specific secular trend values for children from developing regions, or from areas of industrialized countries not benefitting substantially from development, are irregular in pattern and magnitude. Consequently, it is difficult to predict age at maximal secular change. We suggest that fluctuating environmental circumstances in these developing countries influence growth and, hence, the pattern of secular trend. As more stable environmental conditions relating to growth are present in the industrialized countries, this leads to more stable patterns of growth and age-specific patterns of secular change. 相似文献
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Changes in somatotypes of European males between 17 and 24 years 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In order to examine the possible changes in somatotype of young males, 14 boys who had been somatotyped annually from 11 to 18 years by the Health-Carter anthropometric rating method were re-somatotyped at 24 years. The analysis focused on years 17, 18 and 24. Discriminant analysis, somatotype dispersion indices and distances, and the I-index were used to analyze the data. The findings showed a significant shift in somatotype from ectomorphmesomorph towards endo-mesomorphy between 17 and 24 years. This shift was greater than that observed by Zuk ('58), and was in the same direction. It is hypothesized that the somatotypes of males become more endo-mesomorphic from 17 years to the mid-twenties. 相似文献
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Zhang Yingxiu 《人类学学报》1997,16(04):287
This article analysed the changing tendency of the young ester ' growth and development from the age o f 7 to 18 in the y ea rs from 1956 to 1995 in Jinan, Shandong Province. The data of stature and body weigh t are presented in Tables 1— 5. The curves of changing are shown in Figures 1— 4. 相似文献
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The purpose of this study is to examine the stability of somatotypes of boys with different activity levels followed longitudinally for eight years. Thirty-nine boys ated 11 were somatotyped annually (until 18 years) using the Heath-Carter anthropometric rating method. Three sub-groups were formed according to their levels of systematic physical activity designated High, Moderate, and Low Activity. There were no differences in somatochart distributions of the Total Group, but there were considerable individual changes which cancelled each other in group comparisons. All boys changed their somatotype ratings at least once and 67% changed in component dominance. The inter-age correlations for the components were generally of poor prediction value, and the somatotype migratory distances showed considerable variation. The Total Group means differed on three components and this was attributed to differences within the Moderate Activity Group, the only sub-groups to differ. It was concluded that changes occur in somatotypes of adolescent boys, but the influence of physical activity on the changes is inconclusive. 相似文献
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Baak Koca
zer 《Economics & Human Biology》2007,5(2):280-301
The purpose of the study is to develop current reference growth centiles for Turkish children and adolescents. A cross-sectional growth survey was conducted on 1.427 (709 boys and 718 girls) healthy schoolchildren aged 6-17 years in Ankara, the capital city of Turkey. As an indicator of socio-economic status, the occupation of the parents was recorded. Growth references of height, weight, body mass index (BMI), sitting height, iliospinal height, relative iliospinal height and relative sitting height were constructed by the LMS method. Sex differences, association of parental occupation with height and BMI standard deviation scores were assessed by analyses of variance. Results showed significant sexual dimorphism for height, weight, sitting height and iliospinal height (p<0.001). Significant effect of socio-economic background was found on height and BMI. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was found using the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) reference criteria 22.4% and 5.6% in boys and 21.2% and 3% in girls. Present results demonstrated an increment during the last three decades in height, leg length and weight curves which is more prominent in boys, but not in the sitting height. This positive secular change appears to be a logical outcome of the gradual changes in nutrition, health care and education, and environmental and economic conditions. 相似文献
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济南市社会经济发展与儿童少年生长的长期变化 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:4
本文分析了1956-1995年济南市7-18岁儿童少年生长发育的变化趋势。39年间,男女生身高平均增长值分别为10.83cm的9.47cm,平均每10年增长2.768cm和2.43cm;男一体重增长值分别为9.19kg和5.12kg,平均每10年增长2.36kg和1.31kg。将不同年代人均工业总产值作对数转换后发现,与各年龄儿童少年身高、体重的发育水平呈明显的直线正相关,不同年代人均工业总产值的 相似文献
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为了解大连地区城乡学生生长发育状况及其规律,采用人体测量学方法,调查测量了大连地区7—18岁3834(城市男630,城市女645,乡村男1285,乡村女1274)名汉族学生23项形态指标,并利用以往资料,研讨了大连学生主要形态指标的生长发育规律、生长发育趋势、性差和地区差别。结果表明:1生长发育特点:大连学生测量项目的均值随年龄的增长而增加,生长曲线呈上升趋势并且男女有交叉现象。2性差:大连学生各测量项目均有明显的性差,除女生青春期(10—12岁)外,在其他年龄组均为男生大于女生。3生长的长期变化:大连7—17岁男女学生26年来身高、体重、胸围有较大幅度的增长,其每10年平均增长值分别为2.52cm和1.92cm、4.05kg和2.39kg、1.77cm和1.38cm。4城乡差:大连男女学生身高、体重、胸围仍存在城乡差别。 相似文献
19.
Thomas L. Leatherman James W. Carey R. Brooke Thomas 《American journal of physical anthropology》1995,97(3):307-321
Changes in the pattern of growth over a 20-year period are described for a combined rural and semi-urban population in the District of Nunoa (Puno) in the southern Peruvian Andes. Over the past two decades, Andean regions have experienced many socioeconomic changes, including the implementation of agrarian reform policies and increased integration into a market economy. Local changes in Nunoa have included improved transportation networks, new markets, an expanded public school system, and improved health care facilities. Secular trends in stature and weight have been found to be associated with social and economic development throughout the developing world, including Peru. The purpose of this paper is to present the findings from a re-study of growth in the Nurioan population, and to assess whether changing conditions in Nunoa have resulted in secular increases in growth. A cross-sectional sample of 1,466 children and adults and a mixed-longitudinal sample of 404 children (age 3–22), measured between 1983 and 1984, are compared to similar samples collected from the same location between 1964 and 1966. Adolescents are taller, heavier, and somewhat fatter in the present population, although these differences diminish or disappear in adulthood. Age of maturation, peak growth velocities, and cessation of growth may come 1 to 2 years earlier than in the 1960s. As was found in earlier studies, growth velocities are low, the adolescent growth spurt is small, and sexual dimorphism is delayed. No secular trends in adult stature were found. Thus, the effects of social and economic change on nutrition, health, and growth in the population are uneven and generally unclear. This points to inequalities in access to the benefits of change throughout the region. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc. 相似文献