促泌素在胃肠道神经内分泌肿瘤中的表达及其临床意义

目的 比较促泌素(secretagogin,SCGN)与传统的神经内分泌标记物在胃肠道神经内分泌肿瘤中的表达差异.方法 收集胃肠道手术标本共88例,其中实验组为8例类癌和20例非典型类癌,对照组为40例腺癌伴神经内分泌分化和20例腺癌.所有标本均使用SCGN、PGP9.5、CD56、NSE、Syn及CgA进行免疫组织化学SP两步法染色.结果 SCGN可在胃肠道粘膜同有层腺体的弥散性神经内分泌细胞中表达,多显示“开放型”的神经内分泌细胞.除CD56和NSE各在1例胃肠道腺癌中阳性表达外,SCGN及其它标记物在20例腺癌中均无表达,所有标记物之间均无统计学差异(P＞0.05).SCGN在40例胃肠道腺癌伴神经内分泌分化、20例非典型类癌和8例类癌巾的阳性表达率均最高,分别为62.5％ (25/40)、90％(18/20)和100％(8/8),PGP9.5阳性表达率均最低分别为32.5％(13/40)、45％ (9/20)和37.5％(3/8),两标记物在这三组肿瘤中的表达均有显著统计学差异(P＜0.01),而CD56、NSE、Syn和CgA在以上三组肿瘤中的表达率均较高,与SCGN比较均无统计学差异(P＞0.05).所有标记物在腺癌伴神经内分泌分化、非典型类癌和类癌中的阳性表达率均明显高于腺癌(P＜0.01);SCGN、Syn和CgA在非典型类癌和类癌巾的阳性表达均高于腺癌伴神经内分泌分化(P＜0.05);所有标记物在非典型类癌和类癌之间的阳性表达率均无统计学差异(P＞0.05).结论 SCGN作为一种新型的神经内分泌标记物与传统标记物Syn和CgA联合,可应用于胃肠道神经内分泌肿瘤的临床病理诊断.     

雌激素受体p在胃腺癌中表达的研究

目的：检测雌激素受体β（ERβ）在胃组织的存在状况并研究其在人胃腺癌中的作用。方法：使用免疫组化方法,在蛋白水平对配对的原发性胃腺癌患者的癌组织及其癌旁非癌组织的ERB亚型进行检测,采用20例正常胃粘膜作为对照。结果：ERβ蛋白在部分胃腺癌及其癌旁非癌组织表达,但ERβ阳性率及表达模式不同。与配对的非癌组织相比,部分癌组织发生了ERβ表达减少或丢失,而且ERβ表达减少与低分化程度相关（P=0．041）,丢失的ERβ仅见于低分化癌。结论：ERβ可作为识别某些进展期胃腺癌发生发展的标志物,ERβ表达改变在低分化癌中更常见,也提示ERβ阳性胃腺癌可能比ERp表达丢失者预后更好;另外,在非癌组织腺上皮存在E邢的表达提示在正常胃组织中ERB很可能具有一种保护性作用。     

促泌素在肾上腺原发肿瘤中的表达及其临床意义

目的比较促泌素(secretagogin,SCGN)与传统神经内分泌标记物在肾上腺原发肿瘤中的表达差异。方法收集肾上腺原发肿瘤手术标本共37例,其中包括18例皮质腺瘤、3例皮质腺癌、16例嗜铬细胞瘤。同时选取5例正常肾上腺组织,5例肾透明细胞癌作为对照。所有标本均使用SCGN、PGP9.5、CD56、NSE、Syn及CgA进行免疫组织化学SP法染色。结果SCGN在全部5例正常肾上腺皮质均有表达,而在髓质不表达(P<0.01),其中在皮质的表达明显高于PGP9.5和CgA的表达(P均<0.01);全部18例皮质腺瘤均表达SCGN,且明显高于NSE(P<0.05)、PGP9.5和CgA(P均<0.01);肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤中SCGN的阳性表达率仅为18.8%(3/16),明显低于其它标记物(P均<0.01)。SCGN在皮质腺瘤(18/18)中的表达明显高于嗜铬细胞瘤(3/16)(P<0.01),而PGP9.5和CgA在嗜铬细胞瘤(15/16,16/16)中的表达明显高于皮质腺瘤(3/18,1/18)(P均<0.01);CD56、NSE和Syn在皮质腺瘤、皮质腺癌和嗜铬细胞瘤中均有高表达,但两两组间比较均无统计学差异(P均>0.05)。SCGN在全部5例肾透明细胞癌中均不表达。结论SCGN对肾上腺皮质腺瘤有较高敏感性,其与嗜铬细胞瘤的标记物CgA和PGP9.5联合可在两者的诊断和鉴别诊断中发挥重要作用。     

Diversin在胃腺癌中的表达及其临床意义

目的研究diversin在胃腺癌组织中的表达及临床意义。方法收集沈阳医学院附属中心医院病理科胃腺癌蜡块组织77例及癌旁组织50例,采用En Vision两步法检测diversin在胃腺癌组织及癌旁组织中的免疫组织化学表达。结果Diversin在胃腺癌组织中高表达,其在胃腺癌组织表达的阳性率为70%,明显高于癌旁组织34%,且diversin在胃腺癌中的表达与淋巴结转移,浸润深度,肿瘤大小均呈正相关,与年龄、性别和分化程度不相关。结论 Diversin在胃腺癌中高表达,并且diversin与胃腺癌患者的淋巴结转移及浸润深度呈正相关,提示高表达diversin的胃腺癌患者可能预后不良,diversin可能作为胃腺癌诊治的新的生物学指标及基因靶点。     

组胺H4 受体在胃腺癌组织中的表达及临床意义

目的:研究胃癌腺癌(gastric adenocarcinoma,GAC)中组胺H4受体的表达水平及其临床意义。方法:60例GAC组织(病例组)与配对癌旁组织(adjacent normal tissue,ANT)中应用免疫组织化学技术检测组胺H4受体的表达,应用实时荧光定量RT-PCR方法检测组胺H4受体mRNA的表达,统计分析组胺H4受体表达与临床病理特征之间的关系。结果:①胃腺癌组织中组胺H4受体蛋白的阳性表达率(11.7%)显著低于癌旁正常组织(96.7%)。②胃腺癌组织中组胺H4受体mRNA水平较癌旁组织明显降低(p<0.001)。③组胺H4受体蛋白和mRNA表达异常和肿瘤的病理分级有相关性(p=0.0027和p=0.0011),也与有无胃周淋巴结转移有关(p<0.001和p=0.0049)。结论:组胺H4受体在胃腺癌组织有表达异常,表达量与病理分期相关。组胺H4受体表达异常和组胺水平紊乱可能在胃癌发生发展过程中有重要作用。     

胃腺癌组织中GDF-15和p53表达特征及其临床意义

目的探讨胃腺癌及癌旁正常组织中生长分化因子15(growth differentiation factor-15,GDF-15)和p53表达的特征及临床意义。方法采用免疫组织化学Polink-1两步法检测91例胃癌手术标本,相应91例癌旁正常组织、64例肠化腺体及36例淋巴结转移癌组织中GDF-15和p53的表达特征,并结合临床资料分析其表达与临床病理参数的关系。结果 GDF-15在肠上皮化生腺体、胃腺癌和淋巴结转移癌组织中的阳性表达率均显著低于癌旁组织。GDF-15的阳性表达率与患者年龄、浸润深度、淋巴结转移及p TNM分期呈正相关,而与其它临床病理参数无关。p53在癌旁正常胃粘膜腺体和肠上皮化生腺体中均不表达,在胃腺癌和淋巴结转移癌组织中的过表达阳性率均高于癌旁组织和肠上皮化生腺体。p53过表达的阳性率与患者年龄、Lauren分型(肠型与弥漫型)和分化程度呈正相关,而与其它临床病理参数无关。GDF-15与p53免疫反应性在胃癌组织中呈正相关。结论 GDF-15可作为胃腺癌的胃壁浸润能力、淋巴结转移能力及临床病理分期的重要评价指标,而p53过表达可能与Lauren分型的肠型胃癌有关。尤其在老年患者中,GDF-15和p53过表达在胃腺癌的发生、进展中扮演重要角色,并起协同作用。     

伴肠母细胞分化的胃腺癌合并神经内分泌小细胞癌1例并文献复习

目的 探讨伴肠母细胞分化的胃腺癌(gastric adenocarcinoma with enteroblastic differentiation,GAED)合并神经内分泌小细胞癌的临床病理特征、免疫表型及预后.方法 应用HE染色、免疫组织化学染色对我院收集的1例伴肠母细胞分化的胃腺癌合并神经内分泌小细胞癌进行临床病...     

SOX18在胃腺癌中的表达及临床意义

目的探讨SOX18在胃腺癌中的表达与临床病理特征的关系,分析其在胃腺癌中的作用。方法利用免疫组织化学SP法检测60例胃腺癌及其相应(15例)远端正常胃黏膜组织中SOX18的表达。结果胃腺癌中SOX18的阳性表达率为76.7%(46/60),显著高于正常粘膜组织中的30.0%,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。胃腺癌中SOX18蛋白的表达与肿瘤浸润深度、淋巴结转移及TNM分期有关(P0.05),与患者年龄、性别、Lauren组织学分型及肿瘤分化程度均无关(P0.05)。结论 SOX18在胃腺癌中的高表达可能与胃癌的发生、发展和淋巴结转移密切相关。     

中国组织化学与细胞化学杂志第13卷（2004年） 总目录

第1期论　　著胆红素对急性肺损伤大鼠肺血管内皮细胞核因子κB,细胞间粘附分子1表达的影响李建强　高晓玲　刘卓拉等(1)………………………………………………………………………………………………抑癌基因PTEN在胰腺癌组织中的表达及其意义赵佳钧　吴开春　郭晓钟等(6)……………………………………………人脐静脉血管平滑肌促内皮细胞因子表达的体外实验研究阮秋蓉　瞿智玲　邓仲端(12)……………………………………胃异型增生上皮和胃腺癌神经内分泌分化的检测姜汉国　唐慰萍　李飞虹等(16)……………………………………………血小板…     

低分化胃腺癌组织AUF1与p16表达的负相关

RNA结合蛋白AUF1（AU-富含元件结合/降解因子）通过结合并促进抑癌基因p16 mRNA降解来抑制p16表达.然而,AUF1-p16调控过程在肿瘤发生发展过程中的意义有待探讨.本研究用Western印迹与RT-PCR技术分别检测临床50例患者低分化胃腺癌组织和癌旁组织细胞中AUF1和p16蛋白、p16 mRNA的表达情况,并分析其关联性;用RNA Pull-down技术检测其AUF1与p16 mRNA的结合情况.结果显示,低分化胃腺癌组织AUF1蛋白表达水平明显增高,且与p16蛋白和p16 mRNA相对表达水平呈负相关;RNA pull-down分析结果显示,癌组织AUF1与p16-3′UTR的结合活性明显强于癌旁组织. 提示AUF1-p16调控过程可能是低分化胃腺癌组织p16水平降低的重要机制.     

PIG11、Caspase-3蛋白在胃癌中的表达及临床意义

目的:探讨PIG11、Caspase-3蛋白在胃癌中的表达及临床意义。方法:采用免疫组织化学SP法检测80例胃癌组织、36例正常胃黏膜组织、30例肠上皮化生组织及31例异型增生组织中PIG11、Caspase-3蛋白的表达水平,并分析其表达与胃癌临床病理特征的关系及两者之间的相关性。结果:胃癌组织中PIG11、Caspase-3蛋白的阳性表达率均显著低于正常胃黏膜、肠上皮化生及异型增生组织(P0.01);PIG11、Caspase-3蛋白表达水平与胃癌的分化程度、临床分期、有无淋巴结转移及远处转移密切相关(P0.05),但与患者的年龄、性别及肿瘤的浸润深度无关(P0.05);PIG11、Caspase-3蛋白在胃癌组织中的表达呈正相关(r=0.859,P0.01)。结论:PIG11、Caspase-3蛋白在胃癌中明显表达下调,且与胃癌的分化程度、临床分期、有无淋巴结转移及远处转移密切相关,可能作为胃癌预后评估的参考指标。PIG11表达下调可能通过抑制Caspase-3的表达促进胃癌的发生和发展。     

Establishment of a gastric epithelial progenitor cell line from a transgenic mouse expressing the simian virus 40 large T antigen gene in the parietal cell lineage

Abstract.     Objective:  In this study the gastric mucosa of transgenic mice expressing the simian virus 40 large T antigen gene in the parietal cell lineage is used to establish and characterize a new epithelial progenitor cell line. In these mice, proliferation and amplification of preparietal cells preclude their maturation into acid-secreting parietal cells leading to achlorohydria, hyperplasia, dysplasia and eventually gastric adenocarcinoma. Materials and methods:  Enzymatically dispersed gastric epithelial cells were cultured, cloned and screened using immunohistochemical methods, for expression of a variety of biomarkers of differentiated pit, parietal, enteroendocrine and neck/zymogenic cells. Results:  A biomarker-deficient cell line whose ultrastructural features resembled those of mouse gastric epithelial progenitor cells was established. Treatment with either hydrocortisone or oestrogen significantly enhanced proliferation of these cells, whereas retinoic acid inhibited their growth. No change in differentiation was detected with any of these treatments; however, when these cells were injected subcutaneously into nude mice, they proliferated to form tumours and undergo partial differentiation towards parietal cell lineage. Conclusion:  This mouse gastric epithelial progenitor cell line could be useful as an in vitro model to study growth properties, proliferation and differentiation of a subpopulation of gastric epithelial progenitor cells and also to study gastric carcinogenesis.     

Evaluation of chromogranin A expression in serum and tissues of breast cancer patients

Human chromogranin A (CgA) is a member of the granin family and is widely distributed in large dense core granules of endocrine and neuroendocrine cells. A variety of non-neuroendocrine carcinomas arising in various tissues show patterns of neuroendocrine differentiation. Expression of CgA has been documented in epithelial cells of normal mammary gland as well as in breast cancers, and elevation of serum CgA has been detected in patients with breast cancer. Our study was undertaken to evaluate the relationship between serum CgA levels and neuroendocrine features in breast cancer. In addition, we evaluated the expression of serum CgA in patients affected by breast cancer compared to controls and the relationship between serum CgA and tumor histology, extent of disease, lymph node status, tumor stage and serum CA 15.3 levels. We enrolled 266 patients with infiltrating ductal or lobular breast carcinoma and a group of 100 age-matched healthy women serving as controls. Serum CgA and CA 15.3 were assayed by specific immunoradiometric methods. The overall sensitivity of CgA and CA 15.3 was 0.06 and 0.34, respectively (chi2 19.1, p<0.0005). No relationship was found between serum levels of CgA and tumor histology, extent of disease, lymph node status or tumor stage while serum levels of CA 15.3 were strongly correlated with all these variables but tumor histology. No relationship was found between serum levels of CgA and CA 15.3. Immunostaining against CgA, CgB, NSE and synaptophysin was performed on primary tumor tissue of 14 serum CgA-positive and 24 serum CgA-negative patients and was negative in all cases. We also evaluated eight cases of pathologically-proven neuroendocrine breast cancer: only four and two of these showed positive CgA immunostaining and increased serum CgA concentration, respectively. In conclusion, serum CgA assay offers no additional information regarding the presence, the extent and the histology of breast cancer compared to the CA 15.3 assay. Moreover, serum CgA was not an accurate marker to identify or exclude the rare neuroendocrine differentiation of breast cancer. We therefore conclude that CgA is not useful as a serum marker in breast cancer.     

胎儿胰腺发育中CgA和NSE的表达及其意义

目的检测人胎儿胰腺中CgA和NSE的表达特征,初步探讨胎儿胰腺发育过程弥散神经内分泌系统的形成及其生物学作用.方法用免疫组织化学SP法,检测嗜铬素A(chromograin A,CgA)和神经元特异性烯醇化酶(neuron specific enolase,NSE)在不同胎龄胎儿胰腺组织中的表达.结果CgA在16-38周的胰腺中均有表达,随胎儿发育,CgA阳性细胞分布状态和反应程度均有差异变化;NSE在22-38周胎儿胰腺中表达,集中定位于胰腺的内分泌部细胞.结论CgA和NSE在人胎儿胰腺中的阳性表达,反映出弥散神经内分泌系统在胎儿胰腺中的形成过程;表明胎儿胰岛的形成及其DNES细胞的分泌,有调节胰腺外分泌部发育分化的作用,也提示胰岛DNES细胞通过调节血糖可能对胎儿个体发育具有重要影响.     

Immunoradiometric assay of chromogranin A in the diagnosis of small cell lung cancer: comparative evaluation with neuron-specific enolase

The aims of our work were 1) to determine the diagnostic performance of an immunoradiometric assay of chromogranin A (CgA) in small cell lung cancer and 2) to compare its discriminatory power with that of neuron-specific enolase (NSE), the marker currently used for SCLC. We selected 166 cases of small cell (64) and non-small cell (102) lung cancer and 106 cases of non-malignant lung diseases as controls. Both CgA and NSE were assayed by immunoradiometric methods and cutoff values were established on the basis of a pre-fixed specificity of 95% in non-malignant lung diseases. The CgA assay showed better diagnostic sensitivity than NSE in SCLC (61% versus 57%), especially in limited disease, and a low positivity rate in NSCLC with respect to NSE (14% versus 22%). By contrast, NSE reflected disease extent more accurately than CgA (U test: CgA p<0.05, NSE p<0.001). Finally, we found that the CgA assay was not affected by hemolysis whereas NSE serum levels greatly increased in hemolyzed sera. In conclusion, CgA assaying by an IRMA method is a reliable procedure in the diagnosis of SCLC. NSE remains the marker of choice in staging and monitoring of the disease. Further studies are needed to evaluate the prognostic significance of the marker and its role in therapy monitoring and patient follow-up.     

a-Methylacyl coenzyme A racemase is highly expressed in the intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and high-grade dysplasia lesions of the stomach

To study a-Methylacyl coenzyme A racemase (AMACR) expression in gastric intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and its precursors, we performed an immunohistochemical assay (using an avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method) on 106 paraffin-embedded gastric mucosal biopsy samples and 25 gastrectomy samples (37 negative for dysplasia; 30 indefinite for dysplasia; 22 low-grade dysplasia; 25 high-grade dysplasia; and 34 invasive intestinal adenocarcinoma). The results showed that AMACR staining was uniformly negative in the groups negative for dysplasia and indefinite for dysplasia. Only 1 of 22 (4.5%) low-grade dysplasia showed weak staining for AMACR. In the groups of high-grade dysplasia and invasive intestinal-type adenocarcinoma, however, 19 of 25 (76%) and 18 of 34 (52.9%) were positive for AMACR respectively. Expression of AMACR was not correlated with location, H. Pylori infection or intestinal metaplasia. These results suggested that AMACR may play a role in the intermediate stage of gastric carcinogenesis. The high level expression of AMACR in high-grade dysplasia and carcinoma suggests that it may be a useful biomarker in distinguishing high-grade dysplasia and carcinoma from low-grade dysplasia.     

Tenascin，β-catenin，TGF—β1在胃癌中的表达及意义

目的：探讨胃癌组织中Tenascin、β—catenin、TGF－β1的表达及意义。方法：采用免疫组织化学方法检测70例胃癌组织和20例癌旁正常组织中Tenascin、β-catenin、TGF—β1的表达。结果：①Tenascin主要表达于胃癌组织中癌相关纤维母细胞的胞质,且与胃癌的Lauren分型、分化程度、临床分期、淋巴结转移关系显著（P〈0．05）;②β－catenin在胃癌的异常表达与胃癌的Lauren分型及分化程度关系显著（P〈0．05）;③TGF—β1在胃癌组织中主要表达于肿瘤细胞的胞质,其表达强度与胃癌的临床分期、浸润深度及淋巴结转移显著相关（P〈0．05）;④Tenascin与β—catenin在胃癌中的表达呈负相关（r=－0．505,P〈0．05）。结论：胃癌组织中Tenascin、β—catenin、TGF—β1蛋白的表达与肿瘤的侵袭、转移关系密切,β-catenin对间质中Tenascin的聚集具有抑制效应。     

胃癌细胞DNA含量、AgNOR计数与其生物学特性关系的研究

本文使用图像分析技术测定了正常胃粘膜、萎缩性胃炎、不典型增生及胃癌共８９例细胞ＤＮＡ相对含量及ＤＮＡ倍体分布;并用银染方法对８９例细胞核仁形成区嗜银蛋白进行定量分析。结果显示：不典型增生往往可观察到与胃癌相似的ＤＮＡ核型即高异倍体的出现,高异倍体的出现可能是重要的癌前标志;在胃粘膜病变中,ＡｇＮＯＲ值随病变异型程度的加重而递增,各组间差异均有非常显著性意义（Ｐ＜０．０１）。早期癌、浸润癌和转移癌间,以及癌转移过程中粘膜层、肌层、淋巴结内癌细胞ＤＮＡ含量无明显差异;ＡｇＮＯＲｓ计数均值差异亦无非常显著性意义（Ｐ＞０．０５）。随癌细胞分化程度升高,ＤＮＡ含量增多及异倍体出现率升高;各期胃癌除粘激腺癌与分化型腺癌差异无显著性意义外,余各型胃癌ＡｇＮＯＲｓ值随分化程度升高而增多,差异有显著性意义（Ｐ＜０．０５或Ｐ＜０．０１）。因此,ＤＮＡ含量及倍体分析,ＡｇＮＯＲｓ计数与胃癌的生物学行为密切相关,可作为胃癌早期诊断,癌前病变预测以及组织分级的一种重要指标。     

胃腺癌血管生成拟态和HIF—1α的表达及意义

目的探讨在人胃腺癌组织中是否存在血管生成拟态（Vasculogenic mimicry,VM）及VM与HIF-1α表达的关系,以及HIF—1α表达的临床病理意义。方法收集临床病例资料完整的胃腺癌121例,利用CD34和PAS双重染色观察是否存在VM,然后对VM阳性组和阴性组进行HIF-1α染色,分析VM与HIF-1α表达的关系及HIF—1α表达与患者临床病理指标的关系。结果121例胃腺癌组织中有44例（36．36％）存在VM。VM阳性组和VM阴性组HIF-1α蛋白表达阳性率分别为77．27％（34／44）和54．55％（42／77）,两组间的差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;有、无淋巴结转移的胃腺癌组织HIF-1α表达阳性率分别为76．74％（66／86）和28．57％（10／35）,两组间的差异有显著性（P〈0．01）;中、低分化胃腺癌组织中HIF-1α表达阳性率分别为50．85％（30／59）、74．19％（46／62）,两组间的差异有显著性（P〈0．01）。结论胃腺癌组织中存在VM,HIF-1α的表达可能促进VM的形成。VM与HIF-1α的表达可能是胃腺癌浸润、转移的重要生物学标志。