共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 62 毫秒
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杨锦锦;嵇保中;刘曙雯;张新慰;汪洪江;丁芳 《四川动物》2015,34(1):149-154
\"功能分类\"根据功能特性对研究对象进行归类,是全球生态学(Global Ecology)的基本内容。本文介绍了白蚁功能分类的方法、内涵、应用情况及其与形态分类的关系。白蚁功能分类包括Abe的生活类型分类、Donovan等的食性分类、Eggleton和Tayasu的生活方式分类、Davies等的综合分类。目前,食性分类获得较多研究者的认可。功能分类与形态分类的关系较为复杂,低等食草木白蚁一般位于系统发生树的基部,其他类群在此基础上分别产生。不同类群食性进化存在由食木到食土的趋势。虽然功能分类在白蚁不同类群与栖境关系研究中已有较多应用,但食性研究新技术方法的应用还需要进一步加强,白蚁不同功能类群与栖境之间的联系及其机理有待进一步探索。 相似文献
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白蚁是一类受到世界广泛关注的重要社会性昆虫,对人类生活、经济以及生态环境等有很大的影响,特别是乳白蚁属Coptotermes众多种类危害尤为严重。乳白蚁常随木质包装或原木远距离传播异地建群,其为害隐蔽、潜伏期长,一旦爆发则为害严重且难防治,因其种类多、形态趋同,同一巢群中有龄期不一的虫态和多种生物型,可用分类特征少,造成形态分类困难、人为分类现象普遍。近年来分子生物学技术的日益发展,使得白蚁的分类鉴定更加快速、灵敏和可靠,系统发育分析研究更为深入全面,遗传进化方面取得大量研究成果。本文对基于生物信息学的乳白蚁属检疫分类鉴定和系统发育研究方法进行了介绍和评述,并对DNA技术在乳白蚁属分类和进化研究中的应用进行了讨论。 相似文献
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白蚁是木质纤维素的主要降解者,在森林生态系统碳氮循环过程中发挥着重要作用。白蚁肠道共生微生物主要包括原生生物、细菌、古菌和真菌。在白蚁对木质纤维素进行降解、发酵,从而产生乙酸、氢气和甲烷以及对氮的固定过程中,白蚁肠道共生微生物起着重要的作用。本文对白蚁肠道微生物的研究方法进行总结,概述了各种方法的优缺点,同时对肠道微生物的研究进展进行了总结,以期为白蚁肠道微生物的进一步研究和利用提供参考。 相似文献
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The mating biology of termites: a comparative review 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
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Amino acid concentration and distribution of lysozyme and protease activities in the guts of higher termites 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Abstract The distributions of lysozyme and protease activities and of amino acids was measured in the guts of five species of higher termites, Macrotermes annandalei, Odontotermes formosanus, Pericaproitermes nitobei , Termes comis and Nasutitermes takasagoensis . Lysozyme activity was found only in M. annandalei, P. nitobei and N. takasagoensis. Protease activity was high in the midgut of all species but negligible elsewhere in the gut. Amino acid concentration was highest in the midgut of all species of workers. 相似文献
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三明地区林木白蚁种类、分布及危害的调查 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
在三明全区范围内设点普查,得知共有林木白蚁2科9属22种,其中中华葫白蚁、海南大白蚁、普见家白蚁、大头家白蚁、高山散白蚁为福建省首次发现危害林木。黄翅大白蚁、闽华歪白蚁、大近歪白蚁、歪白蚁、中华葫白蚁、小象白蚁、海南大白蚁、普见家白蚁、大头象白蚁、蛋头蔡白蚁、黄肢散白蚁、高额散白蚁、高山散白仪、细颏散白蚁、武宫散白蚁、尖唇异白蚁为本地区首次发现危害林木。三明地区白蚁优势种有黑翅土白蚁、黄翅大白蚁和家白蚁。黑翅土白蚁等白蚁对林木造成严重危害,已成为当前林业生产中的一大难题。三明地区林木白蚁区系分布有以下特点:1)林木白蚁种类多,分布广泛,危害较为普遍;2)土白蚁、大白蚁是危害林木的主要类别;3)全区范围白蚁发生情况是由北向南蚁种延增,危害趋重。 相似文献
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Nitrogen fixation by gut microorganisms is one of the crucial aspects of symbiosis in wood-feeding termites since these termites thrive on a nitrogen-poor diet. In order to understand the evolution of this symbiosis, we analysed the nitrogenase structural gene nifH in the gut microbial communities. In conjunction with the published sequences, we compared approximately 320 putatively functional NifH protein sequences obtained from a total of 19 termite samples that represent all the major branches of their currently proposed phylogeny, and from one species of the cockroach Cryptocercus that shares a common ancestor with termites. Using multivariate techniques for clustering and ordination, a phylogeny of NifH protein sequences was created and plotted variously with host termite families, genera, and species. Close concordance was observed between NifH communities and the host termites at genus level, but family level relationships were not always congruent with accepted termite clade structure. Host groups examined included basal families (Mastotermitidae, Termopsidae, Kalotermitidae, as well as Cryptocercus), the most derived lower termite family Rhinotermitidae, and subfamilies representing the advanced and highly diverse apical family Termitidae (Macrotermitinae, Termitinae, and Nasutitermitinae). This selection encompassed the major nesting and feeding styles recognized in termites, and it was evident that NifH phylogenetic divergence, as well as the occurrence of alternative nitrogenase-type NifH, was to some extent dependent on host lifestyle as well as phylogenetic position. 相似文献
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Hidden cellulases in termites: revision of an old hypothesis 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The intestinal flagellates of termites produce cellulases that contribute to cellulose digestion of their host termites. However, 75% of all termite species do not harbour the cellulolytic flagellates; the endogenous cellulase secreted from the midgut tissue has been considered a sole source of cellulases in these termites. Using the xylophagous flagellate-free termites Nasutitermes takasagoensis and Nasutitermes walkeri, we successfully solubilized cellulases present in the hindgut pellets. Zymograms showed that the hindguts of these termites possessed several cellulases and contained up to 59% cellulase activity against crystalline cellulose when compared with the midgut. Antibiotic treatment administered to N. takasagoensis significantly reduced cellulase activity in the hindgut, suggesting that these cellulases were produced by symbiotic bacteria. 相似文献
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白蚁毒饵诱杀技术研究进展 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
毒饵技术(baiting technology)是一项古老而又有新意的白蚁防治技术,在白蚁的防治中起了重要作用。近年来毒饵技术的研究与应用取得了突破性进展。文中就国内外白蚁毒饵诱杀药剂及技术的研究与应用进行了综述。 相似文献