共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 64 毫秒
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一、前言最初研究高等动物基因表达调控采用的是细胞融合技术,然而细胞融合只能把两套基因组合并而并不能有选择地把特定的基因转入到细胞中。基因工程的诞生克服了如上的不足,推动了基因表达调控的研究。但在早期由于理论和技术的限制也只能把外源基因导入体外培养的动物细胞中,此法因局限于部分分化或完全分化的细胞中,故仍难于直接揭示胚胎发育过程中基因表达的动态分子机 相似文献
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神经组织中基因特异性表达的调控是由顺式作用元件和反式作用因子相互作用完成的 ,所以 ,寻找并鉴定这些顺式作用元件就成为这一研究领域中不可缺少的一个环节。利用报告基因在体外培养细胞的瞬时表达实验寻找和鉴定顺式作用元件是广泛应用的重要手段之一 ,但这一方法有其明显的局限性 ,即( 1 )体外培养细胞脱离了整体动物发育和生长环境的调节 ;( 2 )体外构建的可能包含转录调控序列的报告基因表达载体使研究的片段脱离了整个基因组背景 ;( 3)报告基因表达载体在体外培养细胞瞬时表达的研究体系使基因表达脱离了可能作为转录起始开关调节因… 相似文献
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动物基因定位研究动态 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
近些年来,世界上的一些发达国家对动物基因定位的研究给予极大的重视,拨出较多的资金开展了一系列较系统的研究,使动物的基因这位研究进入了一个快速发展的时期这一研究忧为科学研究的一个重点前沿和热点。 相似文献
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高等植物花器官的特异性基因 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
生殖过程是高等植物生活史中最重要的阶段,它不能仅被看作是一个精子与卵细胞结合的简单过程。实际上它包括雌雄配子体的发育、雄配子体与雌配子体的识别及相互作用、精子与卵细胞的识别及相互作用等一系列复杂的生理生化变化。对于被子植物来说,还存在着双受精这样一个更为复杂的过程。因此,作为这一生理过程的主要执行器官,花器官的生长发育就格外受到生物学家们的重视。早期对于花器官的研究主要集中 相似文献
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基因组织特异性相关研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
研究基因的组织特异性是了解生命活动进程和组织功能的重要一步.尽管对于看家基因和组织特异基因的研究由来已久,但是对于它们仍缺少统一的定义方式和检测方法.在定义方式上,可以从基因的组织表达数和在各组织间的表达变化情况来分别定义看家基因和组织特异基因.通常将在大多数正常组织中有表达,且表达水平较稳定的基因称为看家基因,而将在一个或少数组织中优势表达的基因定义为组织特异基因或组织选择基因.在检测方法上,高通量实验技术,包括基因芯片、RNA-seq和质谱技术等已成为检测基因组织特异性的主要方法.通过比较多个典型研究的实验结果,发现不同检测方法的覆盖度和灵敏度存在很大差异,其中RNA-seq技术最为灵敏,获得的看家基因数目最多,质谱技术检测出来的看家基因和组织特异基因数目较少,而基因芯片方法给出的多个检测结果间差别较大.尽管不同的定义方式和检测方法所导致的看家基因(或组织特异基因)的集合不完全一致,但不同的看家基因数据集(或组织特异基因)却展现出非常一致的功能和特性.看家基因通常实现所有组织和细胞都必须的基本功能,而看家基因与其他组织表达基因间的相互作用以及组织特异基因间的相互作用则实现了组织的特有功能.同时,基因的组织特异性与疾病之间具有密切联系,相比其他基因,看家基因更有可能成为癌基因,而组织特异基因则更有希望发展成为药物靶标. 相似文献
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筛选差异表达基因和蛋白质的方法进展 总被引:9,自引:1,他引:9
分离和鉴定差异表达基因和蛋白质不仅有助于发现基因和蛋白质的功能,更有助于揭示某些疾病的发生机理.目前筛选差异表达基因的方法主要有差异显示PCR方法(differential display RT-PCR,DDRT-PCR)、消减杂交法(subtractive hybridization,SH)、基因芯片技术(DNA chip technique)和基因表达的系统分析(serial analysis of gene expression,SAGE)等,其中消减杂交法中又先后建立了代表性差异分析技术(representational difference analysis,RDA)、抑制消减杂交法(suppression subtractive hybridization,SSH)和获得全长基因的消减杂交法(full-length-gene-obtainable subtractive hybridization).筛选差异表达蛋白质的方法主要有双向电泳技术(two-dimentional gel electrophoresis)和噬菌体全套抗体库技术(phage display antibody repertoire library technique).这些方法各有特点,各有利弊,研究者可根据自己的需要选择适合于自己的方法. 相似文献
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An immunocytochemical screening of human-mouse cell hybrid colonies expressing a specific human gene
An immunocytochemical method has been devised which allows the screening of a large number of human × mouse cell hybrid colonies for the retention of a specific human chromosomal gene and the presence of its translation product. The glycolytic enzyme phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI; d-glucose-6-phosphate ketol-isomerase; EC 5.3.1.9) was chosen as a marker which is known to be controlled by the gene on human chromosome 19. The technique involves three steps: (i) immobilization of growing cell colonies in agar gel containing antibody that specifically reacts with human-type PGI; (ii) lysis of the embedded cells with Triton X-100 to release enzyme antigens and precipitate as an immune complex; and (iii) visualization of the antibody-fixed enzymes by histochemical activity staining. Human PGI activity released from a colony consisting of as few as eight cells generated an adequate signal. Variation of intensity was noticed and attributed to gene dosage in individual cells. The percentage of human PGI-positive colonies in each of nine independent hybrid lines estimated by this method generally paralleled the frequency of retention of human chromosome 19 determined by conventional karyotyping. The technique can be applied to many other markers and be used as a half-selection system in combination with the replica plating method.This work was supported by National Institutes of Health Grant GM 24375. N.S. is the recipient of American Cancer Society Junior Faculty Research Award JFRA-9. 相似文献
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A critical step in the process of metagenome analysis is to screen for clones that contain specific genes among a large number of clones. To form one of the sequence-based screening tools of a metagenome library, we designed a format of microarray [metagenome microarray (MGA)] that is arrayed with fosmid library clone DNA samples on a glass slide. We evaluated the MGA using random prime labeled fluorescent probes prepared from PCR products of the target gene and found that we could obtain specific hybridization signals only for the fosmid clone that contained the target gene. We found that the detection limit of the MGA was c. 10 ng microL(-1) of fosmid clone DNA, and that the MGA-based hybridization was quantitative within a concentration range of 10-200 ng microL(-1) of fosmid clone DNA. We used the MGA successfully to identify two fosmid clones that contained 16S rRNA genes from a fosmid library from the sediment of the East Sea, Korea. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that the MGA can be used for screening for fosmid clones containing specific genes in a metagenome library, and that this technology has potential application as a high-throughput metagenome screening tool. 相似文献
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基因功能研究方法的新进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
随着生命科学的发展,研究领域的不断开拓,越来越多的未知新基因和基因的新功能被科学家们发现,研究这些未知新基因的功能和已知基因的新功能成为了极其重要的一项内容。本文对基因功能研究的最新方法进行了介绍。 相似文献
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合成生物学(synthetic biology)与经典生物学研究的革命性区别之一是合成生物学能将生物实验的对象、方法、技术和流程高度标准化和模块化,创建出自动化与高通量的合成生物铸造模式。该模式通过复杂生物过程与自动化设施的结合,颠覆过往劳动密集型的研究范式,获得更高的技术迭代能力,极大促进了合成生物学的发展和产业化应用。值此天津工业生物技术研究所创立10周年之际,本文回顾了研究所在工业菌种自动化高通量编辑与筛选领域的系列重要工作进展,对基因克隆(gene cloning)、基因组编辑(genome editing)、编辑序列设计(editing sequence design)等生物技术的自动化实现,以及流式细胞、液滴微流控、全基因组规模扰动测序等高通量筛选技术进行了分析讨论,并展望了本领域未来的发展方向。望借此为创建具有自主知识产权的优秀菌种及其产业应用提供智能化、自动化和全链条覆盖的整体支撑能力。 相似文献
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丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)感染是导致人类慢性病毒性肝炎、肝硬化和肝癌的最主要病因之一。由于缺乏合适的HCV感染实验动物模型,使得针对HCV感染更为有效的疗法及疫苗的研发滞后。黑猩猩是HCV感染研究的最佳实验动物,但由于其来源有限、价格昂贵及临床症状等诸多问题,其应用受限,因此发展新的实验动物模型用于HCV感染相关的基础和应用研究迫在眉睫。近年来,以啮齿类等动物为替代模型取得了不少进展,应用转基因等实验技术使替代动物感染了HCV,并成功应用于多个学科领域的研究。本文分析了HCV自然感染的实验动物、自然感染和非自然感染的替代实验动物在致病机制研究、药物评价和疫苗研发应用中的优缺点及未来研究趋势。 相似文献
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S. T. Sonis J. Scherer S. Phelan C. A. Lucey J. E. Barron K. E. O'Donnell R. J. Brennan‡ H. Pan‡ P. Busse † J. D. Haley‡ 《Cell proliferation》2002,35(S1):93-102
Abstract. Oral mucositis is a common, dose-limiting, acute toxicity of radiation therapy administered for the treatment of cancers of the head and neck. Accumulating data would suggest that the pathogenesis of mucositis is complex and involves the sequential interaction of all cell types of the oral mucosa, as well as a number of cytokines and elements of the oral environment. While a number of studies have reported on gene expression of particular cell types in response to radiation, the overall response of irradiated mucosa has only been evaluated in a limited way. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the expression of a target group of genes using RNA quantification assays and, more broadly, to assess patterns of mucosal gene expression using DNA microarray hybridization. Our results demonstrate the sequential upregulation of a series of genes that, when taken collectively, suggest an intricate functional interaction. 相似文献
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基因表达系列分析(serialanalysisofgeneexpression,SAGE)是一种快速分析特定组织或细胞内基因表达信息的技术,不但可以比较不同组织细胞在不同时间、空间条件下基因表达的差异,还能发现新基因。近几年来,SAGE技术在动物基因表达研究中的应用取得了飞速发展。就SAGE技术的原理、实验路线、优缺点和改进以及SAGE在动物科学研究中的研究现状及应用前景作一简要介绍。 相似文献
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Given the importance of protein-protein interactions for nearly all biological processes, the design of protein affinity reagents for use in research, diagnosis or therapy is an important endeavor. Engineered proteins would ideally have high specificities for their intended targets, but achieving interaction specificity by design can be challenging. There are two major approaches to protein design or redesign. Most commonly, proteins and peptides are engineered using experimental library screening and/or in vitro evolution. An alternative approach involves using protein structure and computational modeling to rationally choose sequences predicted to have desirable properties. Computational design has successfully produced novel proteins with enhanced stability, desired interactions and enzymatic function. Here we review the strengths and limitations of experimental library screening and computational structure-based design, giving examples where these methods have been applied to designing protein interaction specificity. We highlight recent studies that demonstrate strategies for combining computational modeling with library screening. The computational methods provide focused libraries predicted to be enriched in sequences with the properties of interest. Such integrated approaches represent a promising way to increase the efficiency of protein design and to engineer complex functionality such as interaction specificity. 相似文献
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