下丘脑减压区微量注射牛磺酸对血压的影响

实验采用微量注射和荧光分光光度测定的方法,探讨了下丘脑前部减压区牛磺酸对大鼠血压的影响及其可能的机制。结果显示：（１）下丘脑前部减压区微量注射牛磺酸可致大鼠血压降低;（２）侧脑室注射β受体阻断剂心得安可阻断牛磺酸的降压效应。而α受体阻断剂酚妥拉明对牛磺酸的降压效应无明显影响;（３）下丘脑前部减压区注射牛磺酸后,可使下丘脑去甲肾上腺素含量明显增高。     

最后区微量注射辣椒素对大鼠血压、心率和肾交感神经放电的影响

在36只麻醉Sprague-Dawley大鼠, 观察了最后区内微量注射辣椒素(10 μmol/L, 50 nl)对平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)和肾交感神经放电(RSNA)的影响.实验结果如下:(1)最后区内注射辣椒素可引起 MAP、HR 和RSNA明显增加, 分别由12.34±0.53 kPa、 328.52±7.54 bpm 和100±0% 增至15.17±0.25 kPa (P<0.001)、 354.81±8.54 bpm (P<0.001) 和156.95±7.57% (P<0.001);(2) 静脉注射辣椒素受体阻断剂钌红(100 mmol/L, 0.2 ml) 后, 辣椒素的上述效应可被明显抑制;(3) 预先应用NMDA 受体阻断剂MK-801 (500 μg/kg, 0.2 ml, iv)也明显抑制辣椒素的兴奋效应.以上结果提示, 最后区微量注射辣椒素对血压、心率和肾交感神经放电有兴奋作用, 而此作用由辣椒素受体介导并有谷氨酸参与.     

侧脑室内注射五肽胃泌素对大鼠血压和心率的影响

以动脉血压和心率作为指标,在氨基甲酸乙酯麻醉、三碘季铵酚制动、呼吸机控制呼吸的ＳＤ大鼠上,观察到侧脑室内注射五肽胃泌素（Ｇ５,４μｇ）后动脉血压升高,３ｍｉｎ时达峰值,由给药前的１２．２±１．５ｋＰａ增至１４．６±１．６ｋＰａ;心率增加,其最大值由给药前的４３５±５３．９次／ｍｉｎ,增至４７１．６±５３．２次／ｍｉｎ。而侧脑室注射生理盐水（ｐＨ和容积与Ｇ５相同）或静脉注射同剂量的Ｇ５,对上述指标均无影响。侧脑预先注射α受体阻断剂酚妥拉明（１０μｇ）,可部分桔抗Ｇ５对血压和心率的增加效应;而侧脑室预先注射β受体阻断剂心得安（４μｇ）或侧脑室预先注射Ｍ受体阻断剂阿托品（４μｇ）对Ｇ５的血压和心率增加效应均无影响。结果表明：Ｇ５具有中枢性升高动脉血压和心率的作用,此作用可能部分由脑内α受体介导。     

长时程冷暴露后大鼠下丘脑脑片视前区温敏神经元的适应性变化

本文比较了生活在冷室（５±１℃，２０只）和暖室（２０±３℃，３５只）达三周的雄性Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠下丘脑脑片视前区神经元电活动和温度敏感性，共记录到１２７个来自暖室组及８６个来自冷室组自发放电神经元。结果表明：（１）冷适应后冷敏神经元的比例明显提高，温度敏感性不变而放电活动的临界温度和下限温度明显下移；（２）热敏神经元的温度敏感性和临界温度降低，但在３７℃时的自发放电活动频率显著增加；（３）非温敏神经元的电活动也增加，其下限温度下移极显著，显示了大鼠视前区神经元在冷适应中的可塑性及其与冷适应中体温调节的机制相关。     

甲状腺素与甲巯咪唑对大鼠视前区与下丘脑前部温度敏感神经元的影响

本文观察了皮下注射甲状腺素和胃饲甲巯咪唑对大鼠视前区-下丘脑前部(PO/AH)温度敏感神经元的影响。PO/AH 存在温度敏感神经元(TSN)和温度不敏感神经元(TIN),在 TSN 中又可分为热敏神经元(WSN)和冷敏神经元(CSN)。在正常大鼠,TSN∶TIN=1.43∶1;WSN∶CSN=1.86∶1。以上比例可被甲状腺素和甲巯咪唑所改变:前者使之分别下降为1∶2.36和1.20∶1;后者使 TSN∶TIN 下降为1∶1.29,WSN∶CSN 上升为2.40∶1。各组神经元构成比有显著性差异,(X_2=9.64,P<0.05)。正常大鼠中所记录到的高频神经元(>15H_z)占32%(11/34),甲状腺素组仅有8%(3/37),甲巯咪唑组为9%(3/32)。实验中还发现甲状腺素组和甲巯咪唑组中 TSN 对热刺激的耐受性显著低于正常组。以上结果提示:甲状腺素或甲巯咪唑所致体温上升或下降可能与 PO/AH 神经元兴奋性及比例等改变有关;甲状腺素合成、释放和代谢的紊乱可以在下丘脑水平干扰体温调节过程;但这一作用的具体途径有待于进一步研究。     

大鼠下丘脑视前区神经元内雌激素受体α的表达--免疫组织化学研究

了解雌激素受体α(estrogen receptor alpha, ERα)在大鼠脑的分布及大鼠下丘脑视前区雌激素受体样阳性神经元的生后发育规律.用免疫组织化学反应方法结合图像分析仪检测雌性大鼠下丘脑视前区雌激素受体样阳性神经元的数量和灰度值.ERα分布于Calleja岛、梨形核、外侧隔核、基底前脑胆碱能神经元各群、终纹床核、下丘脑内侧视前区、室周核、腹内侧核、弓状核和结节乳头核、再连合和前内侧丘脑核、杏仁核复合体、梨形皮质和穹窿下器官.相比之下,皮质和海马内仅见几个分散的 ERα样阳性神经元.而纹状体内未见ERα样阳性神经元.ERα免疫反应产物主要位于细胞核内,蓝黑色.在成年雌性大鼠下丘脑内侧视前区(medial preoptic area, MPA)神经元的胞浆和突起内可见较弱的ERα免疫反应产物.在MPA内,生后1天可见ERα表达,随着大鼠的生后发育,成年时达到高峰.与成年大鼠比较,老年雌性大鼠雌激素受体样阳性神经元数量减少10.05%,P＞0.05,差异无显著性;平均灰度减少41.57%,P＜0.05,差异有显著性.老年雌性大鼠下丘脑MPA内ERα表达下调,可能与卵巢功能减退而导致情感、记忆变化有关.     

去甲肾上腺素对冷适应大鼠下丘脑脑片视前区温敏神经元的影响

本工作用离体脑片的方法,观测了去甲肾上腺素（NE）对冷适应大鼠下丘脑视前区（POAH）温敏神经元自发放电活动的影响。结果表明：冷适应大鼠热敏神经元（WS）,冷敏神经元（CS）和非温敏神经元（TI）对NE的敏感性较室温下生活的大鼠显著提高（对NE反应的阈浓度显著降低）;与正常室温组大鼠相比,冷适应大鼠WS中受NE兴奋的神经元比数降低,部分WS出现抑制反应;NE引起抑制反应的CS比数降低,部分CS出现兴奋性反应;而TI中受NE兴奋和抑制的比数皆升高,无反应的神经元比数减少。     

去甲肾上腺素对冷适应大鼠下且脑脑片视前区温敏神经元的影响

本工作用离体脑片的方法,观测了去甲肾上腺素对冷适应的大鼠下丘脑视前区温敏神经元自发放电活动的影响。结果表明：冷适应大鼠热敏神经元,冷敏神经元和非温敏神经元对ＮＥ的敏感性较室温下生活的大鼠显著提高;与正常室温组大鼠相比,冷适应大鼠ＷＳ中受ＮＥ兴奋的神经元比数降低,部分ＷＳ出现抑制反应;     

电刺激大鼠扣带前回对血压和心率的影响

电刺激大鼠扣带前回(ACg),血压升高,心率加快,同时缰核(Hb)内20.7％的神经元兴奋,22.4％的神经元抑制,56.9％的神经元无反应。双侧Hb内微量注射盐酸利多卡因,可明显阻断电刺激ACg引起的心血管反应。结果表明,ACg对心血管活动的调节,一部分是通过改变Hb的活动来实现的,Hb是ACg调节心血管活动的下行性通路之一。     

大鼠侧脑室注射神经降压素对血压的作用

雄性Ｓｐｒａｇｕｅ－Ｄａｗｌｅｙ大鼠,用乌拉坦腹腔麻醉,在侧脑室注射神经降压素（ＮＴ）（１０,２０μｇ）可引起血压升高或降低,心率减慢,预先ｉｃｖ ａ１受体阻断剂哌唑嗪,可阻断ＮＴ的中枢升压反应,预先ｉｃｖ Ｍ受体阻断剂硫酸阿托品,可阻断ＮＴ的中枢降压反应,预先ｉｃｖ Ｈ１受体阻断剂扑尔敏或Ｈ２受体阻断剂甲氰咪胍,对ＮＴ的中枢心血管效应均无明显影响。实验结果表明：脑中ＮＴ升高可使血压升高或降低;在     

Ultra-wideband electromagnetic pulses: Lack of effects on heart rate and blood pressure during two-minute exposures of rats

Exposure to fast-rise-time ultra-wideband (UWB) electromagnetic pulses has been postulated to result in effects on biological tissue (including the cardiovascular system). In the current study, 10 anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to pulses produced by a Sandia UWB pulse generator (average values of exposures over three different pulse repetition rates: rise time, 174–218 ps; peak E field, 87–104 kV/m; pulse duration, 0.97–0.99 ns). Exposures to 50, 500 and 1000 pulses/s resulted in no significant changes in heart rate or mean arterial blood pressure measured every 30 s during 2 min of exposure and for 2 min after the exposure. The results suggest that acute UWB whole-body exposure under these conditions does not have an immediate detrimental effect on these cardiovascular system variables in anesthetized rats. Bioelectromagnetics 19:330–333, 1998. Published 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

最后区注射腺苷对大鼠血压、心率和肾交感神经放电的影响

在 5 3只麻醉Sprague Dawley大鼠观察了最后区内微量注射腺苷 (1ng/ 6 0nl)对平均动脉压 (MAP)、心率(HR)和肾交感神经放电 (RSNA)的影响。实验结果如下 :(1)最后区内微量注射Ado后 ,MAP、HR和RSNA分别由13 76± 0 46kPa、35 6 2 8± 4 2 5bpm和 10 0± 0 %下降至 11 2 3± 0 49kPa (P <0 0 0 1)、336 91± 5 2 3bpm (P <0 0 1)和70 95± 5 19% (P <0 0 0 1) ;(2 )静脉注射非选择性腺苷受体拮抗剂 8 苯茶碱 (8 phenyltheophylline,15 0 μg/kg ,0 2ml)和选择性腺苷A1受体拮抗剂 (8 cyclopentyl 1,3 dipropylxanthine,5 0 0 μg /kg ,0 2ml)后 ,腺苷的上述抑制效应可被完全阻断 ;(3)静脉注射ATP敏感性钾通道阻断剂格列苯脲 (5mg/kg ,0 2ml)后 ,腺苷的上述效应也被消除。以上结果提示 ,最后区微量注射腺苷对血压、心率和肾交感神经放电有抑制作用 ,此作用与A1受体介导的ATP敏感性钾通道开放有关。     

Cellular phone use does not acutely affect blood pressure or heart rate of humans

A recent study raised concern about increase of resting blood pressure after a 35 min exposure to the radiofrequency (RF) field emitted by a 900 MHz cellular phone. In this randomized, double blind, placebo controlled crossover trial, 32 healthy subjects were submitted to 900 MHz (2 W), 1800 MHz (1 W) cellular phone exposure, and to sham exposure in separate sessions. Arterial blood pressure (arm cuff method) and heart rate were measured during and after the 35 min RF and sham exposure sessions. We evaluated cardiovascular responses in terms of blood pressure and heart rate during controlled breathing, spontaneous breathing, head-up tilt table test, Valsalva manoeuvre and deep breathing test. Arterial blood pressure and heart rate did not change significantly during or after the 35 min RF exposures at 900 MHz or 1800 MHz, compared to sham exposure. The results of this study indicate that exposure to a cellular phone, using 900 MHz or 1800 MHz with maximal allowed antenna powers, does not acutely change arterial blood pressure and heart rate.     

Gender dependency of circadian blood pressure and heart rate profiles in spontaneously hypertensive rats: effects of beta-blockers

This study investigated (i) blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), and their relation to urinary NOx and eNOS protein expression in male and female spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), as well as (ii) gender-dependent cardiovascular effects of nebivolol (NEB) in comparison to metoprolol (MET) in SHR. BP and HR were measured telemetrically after a single intraperitoneal application of NEB or MET at 07.00 and 19.00 h in male rats and at 19.00 h in proestrus female rats. The two β-blockers varied in time of decreasing BP and HR and also in duration. In males, MET decreased BP and HR for few hours exclusively when applied at the onset of the activity phase (i.e., at 19.00 h), while after its application at 07.00 h, BP and HR were unchanged. In females, MET also caused a short-lasting BP and HR reduction, with the effect being more pronounced than in males. In males, NEB at either dosing time decreased HR and BP to a greater extent than did MET. This effect was evident both during the activity and rest periods and persisted for at least five days. In females, NEB provoked a similar, but more pronounced, effect on BP and HR in comparison to males. These findings demonstrate that significant gender-dependent differences in the circadian profile of BP and HR exist. BP and urinary NOx as well as eNOS expression are inversely correlated, and the cardiovascular effects of NEB and MET vary, depending on the time of application as well as gender.     

急性低氧对家兔血压心率微血管反应性及自由基的影响

目的 :探讨不同急性低氧下的血压、心率、微血管反应性和自由基的影响。方法 :实验采用家兔人工吸入含氧量为 12 .5 %和 8.5 %氮氧混合气体 (模拟 4 0 0 0m和 6 5 0 0m高原急性低氧 )。急性低氧时间分别为 5、10、15、2 0min ,观察血压、心率、微血管反应性和自由基影响。结果 :①急性低氧 5min时收缩压略有升高 ,以后变为降低 ;舒张压在急性低氧 2 0min后明显降低 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;②心率随急性低氧时间的延长变慢 ,尤其含氧量 8.5 %急性低氧组明显 (P <0 .0 5 )。③眼结膜微血管管径随急性低氧时间延长呈现扩张 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,血细胞流速减慢 (P <0 .0 5 ,P <0 .0 1)。④急性低氧 2 0min后SOD活力明显降低 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,MDA含量升高 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :急性低氧可使血压降低 ,心率减慢 ,微血管管径变大和血细胞流速减慢 ,同时体内自由基产生增加。     

延髓腹外侧头端区注射肾上腺髓质素对大鼠血压、心率和肾交感神经活动的影响

本研究在 3 4只麻醉Sprague Dawley大鼠观察了延髓腹外侧头端区内微量注射肾上腺髓质素 ( 10μmol/L ,2 0 0nl)对平均动脉压 (MAP)、心率 (HR)和肾交感神经放电 (RSNA)的影响。实验结果如下 :( 1)延髓腹外侧头端区内微量注射肾上腺髓质素可引起MAP、HR、和RSNA明显增加 ,分别由 99 0 9± 3 3 2mmHg ,3 70 78± 7 84bpm和 10 0± 0 %增至 113 5 7± 3 64mmHg (P <0 0 0 1) ,3 83 2 8± 7 3 8bpm (P <0 0 0 1)和 12 3 72±2 74% (P <0 0 0 1) ;( 2 )降钙素基因相关肽受体阻断剂CGRP8 3 7( 10 0 μmol/L ,2 0 0nl)不能阻断肾上腺髓质素的上述效应 ;( 3 )静脉注射NO前体L 精氨酸 ( 10 0mg/kg ,0 2ml)可消除肾上腺髓质素的上述效应。以上结果提示 ,肾上腺髓质素作用于延髓腹外侧头端区可产生显著的心血管作用 ,此作用不是由降钙素基因相关肽受体介导 ,但可被NO所阻断     

Preoptic BRS3 neurons increase body temperature and heart rate via multiple pathways

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