THE NATURAL AFFINITY OF THE CARBONIFEROUS SEED,CALLOSPERMARION

A seed of Callospermarion pusillum has been found attached to a long slender stalk. Significant features of the seed based upon additional specimens are described. Secretory cavities in the integument are similar to those in the stem of Callistophyton poroxyloides and the fertile foliage bearing the pollen organ Callandrium callistophytoides. Vesicaspora sp. pollen similar to that found in Callandrium, occurs in the pollen chamber. Callistophyton, Callandrium, and Callospermarion are considered to represent the detached organs of a new seed fern family, Callistophytaceae.     

苏北滨海地区早石炭世孢子的发现

作者首次在苏北滨海地区滨Ⅱ-2井中发现了早石炭世的蕨类植物孢子,共38属61种,组成Auroraspora macra-Schopfites claviger(MC)组合．经研究属早石炭早期(Tn1b上部-Tns)。从而补充了整个江苏地区的早石炭世孢子组合序列,并与苏南龙潭、句容、苏中的宝应以及国外相应的地层进行了简要对比。为该地区的能源勘探提供了新的地层依据。     

广西南垌早石炭世巴平组下段牙形刺新材料

本文系统研究了广西南垌早石炭世巴平组下段丰富的牙形刺,识别出Siphonodella duplicata,S.cooperi,S.obosoleta,S.quadruplicata,S.lobata,S.crenulata,S.sandbergi,S.eurylobata,S.isosticha,Gnathodus delicatus等重要的带化石。首次报道和描述了产自Siphonodella crenulata带下部牙形刺新材料,其中确立一新种:Siphonodella nandongensis sp.nov.Li;一新未定种:Siphonodellasp.nov.A;且修订了Siphonodella trirostrata Druce(1969)的含义。依据上述牙形刺:Siphonodella nandongensis sp.nov.Li;Siphonodellasp.nov.A和Siphonodella trirostrata Druce(1969)发育特征,认为Siphonodella nandongensis sp.nov.Li与Siphonodella sexplicata;Siphonodella sp.nov.A与Siphonodella quadruplicata(Branson et Mehl);Siphonodella trirostrata Druce(1969)与Siphonodella sandbergi Klapper演化关系密切,并确定所描述的化石新材料的层位是Siphonodella crenulata带下部,地质时代为早石炭世早期,为进一步精细地层划分提供了翔实资料。     

中国蹄盖蕨属植物孢子形态的研究

利用扫描电子显微镜对我国产蹄盖蕨属44种植物的孢子进行了观察。结果表明,该属孢子形态为单裂缝,两侧对称,极面观为椭圆形,赤道面观为豆形。外壁表面光滑,由周壁形成表面纹装饰。根据周壁的结构和表面纹饰,可分为两种类型;一是周壁外层发达,形成粗大的脊状纹饰,有11种属此类型;二是周壁外层很薄或不完全发育,由周壁内层或中层形成表面纹饰,有33种属此类型纹饰。本文还就本属的孢子形态特征以及与本属的属下分类关系、本属与邻近属的关系等进行了讨论。     

中国金粉蕨属孢子形态的研究

利用扫描电子显微镜对我国产金粉蕨属8种2变种蕨类植物的孢子进行了观察。结果表明,该属孢子形态较为一致。三裂缝,辐射对称,极面观为钝三角形或三角圆形,赤道面观为椭圆形,超半圆形成或扇形,周壁较薄,外壁突起形成表面纹饰的基本轮廓,具赤道环,近极脊和远极脊等结构,种间差异主要表现在远极面的纹饰形态上,从孢子形态上看,金粉蕨属与中国蕨科其它属差异较大,而与凤尾蕨属相似,建议将本属放在凤尾蕨科。     

江西石松类孢子形态的研究

应用扫描电子显微镜对江西产２科５属８种（含变型）石松类植物的孢子形态进行了观察,结果表明,２科植物孢子形态相似,但外壁纹饰有差别,所观察的各属间、种间在孢子形态上亦有差异。     

北京水龙骨科孢子形态的研究

利用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对北京产水龙骨科２属４种孢子进行了详细观察,对每个种的形态特征进行了描述。讨论了各属、种间的差异,为水龙骨科系统分类及孢粉学研究提供资料。     

OPTIMIZATION OF AFFINITY DIGESTION FOR THE ISOLATION OF CELLULOSOMES FROM Clostridium thermocellum

The affinity digestion process for cellulase purification consisting of binding to amorphous cellulose, and amorphous cellulose hydrolysis in the presence of dialysis (Morag et al., 1991), was optimized to obtain high activity recoveries and consistent protein recoveries in the isolation of Clostridium thermocellum cellulase. Experiments were conducted using crude supernatant prepared from C. thermocellum grown on either Avicel or cellobiose. While no difference was observed between Avicel-grown or cellobiose-grown cellulase in the adsorption step, differences were observed during the hydrolysis step. The optimal amorphous cellulose loading was found to be 3 mg amorphous cellulose per milligram supernatant protein. At this loading, 90–100% of activity in the crude supernatant was adsorbed. Twenty-four-hour incubation with the amorphous cellulose during the adsorption stage was found to result in maximal and stable adsorption of activity to the substrate. By fitting the adsorption data to the Langmuir model, an adsorption constant of 410 L/g and a binding capacity of 0.249 g cellulase/g cellulose were obtained. The optimal length of time for hydrolysis was found to be 3 hr for cellulase purified from Avicel cultures and 4 hr for cellulase purified from cellobiose cultures. These loadings and incubation times allowed for more than 85% activity recovery.     

我国石炭系达拉阶标准剖面的牙形刺

本文详细地研究了石炭系达拉阶标准(或层型)剖面,即贵州盘县达拉寨剖面的牙形刺。在标准剖面达拉阶上部,即相当于先前的有孔虫Fusulinella—Fusulina带的层位,产牙形刺Idiognathodus podolskensis,I．delicatus,I．magnificus,I．obliquus,I．claviformis,Streptognathodus cancellosus和S．parvus等,并自下而上可划分为Idiognathodus podolskensis带和Streptognathodus cancellosus带,前者相当于有孔虫Fusulina pakhrensis-Pseudostaffella paradoxa带下部及Fusulina lanceolata-Fusulinella uozhgalensis带,后者则与Fusulina pakhrensis Pseudostaffella paradoxa带上部和Fusulina cylindrica-F．quasifusulinoides带相当,并可与东欧的莫斯科阶(Moscovian)上部对比。标准剖面达拉阶下部,即相当于有孔虫Profusulinella带的层位未见牙形刺化石,但根据贵州罗甸纳水剖面的资料,有孔虫Profusulinella带之底在牙形刺Diiplognathodus ophanus-D．ellesmerensis带之中通过,因此在罗甸纳水剖面,达拉阶之底比莫斯科阶之底要稍高些。纳水剖面的有孔虫来自台地垮塌的沉积,这类沉积物是不连续的,因此其有孔虫带与牙形刺带的关系并不十分可靠。但总的来看,我国的达拉阶仍大致可与莫斯科阶相对比。     

中国上石炭统滑石板阶层型剖面的(竹虫廷)

本文详细研究了贵州盘县滑石板村滑石板阶层型剖面的(竹虫廷)类动物群,有5属26种及亚种,其中1未定种.滑石板阶包含2个(竹虫廷)带;Pseudostaffella antiqua-P.antiqua posterior带及Pseudostaffella composita-P.paracompressa带.滑石板阶底界以(竹虫廷)化石Eostaffellina protvae-Pseudostaffella antiqua演化系列中Pseudostaffella antiqua首次出现为标志,具体位置在层型剖面的层1,层型点置于层1之底AAK56点上;顶界止于(竹虫廷)化石Profusulinella priscoidea带之底.滑石板阶的Pseudostaffella antiqua-P.antiqua posterior带可以和俄罗斯下巴什基尔阶Severoketmensky层的Pseudostaffella antiqua带对比;滑石板阶的Pseudostaffella composita-P.paracompressa带大致与俄罗斯下巴什基尔阶Prikamsky层的Pseudostaffella praegorski-Profusulinella staffellaeformis带的一部分对比.滑石板阶大致相当于国际地层表中的巴什基尔阶(Bashkirian)中部.     

中国上石炭统滑石板阶层型剖面的蜓

本文详细研究了贵州盘县滑石板村滑石板阶层型剖面的蜓?C0喽锶海?属26种及亚种,其中1未定种。滑石板阶包含2个蜓?B4籔seudostaffella antiqua-P．antiqua posterior带及Pseudostaffella composita-P．paracompressa带。滑石板阶底界以蜓?BB疎ostaffellina protvae—Pseudostaffella antiqua演化系列中Pseudostaffella antiqua首次出现为标志,具体位置在层型剖面的层1,层型点置于层1之底AAK56点上;顶界止于筵化石Profuslinella priscoidea带之底。滑石板阶的Pseudostaffella antiqua-P．antiqua posterior带可以和俄罗斯下巴什基尔阶Severoketmensky层的Pseudostaffella antiqua带对比;滑石板阶的Pseudostaffella composita—P．paracompressa带大致与俄罗斯下巴什基尔阶Prikamsky层的Pseudostaffella praegorski—Profusulinella staffellaeformis带的一部分对比。滑石板阶大致相当于国际地层表中的巴什基尔阶(Bashkirian)中部。     

记利沃鱼(Livosteus)—新种

详细记述了发现于云南武定早泥盆世晚期利沃鱼(Livosteus)的新材料.依据其特征,建立一个新种.这是该属除在拉脱维亚以外在世界上的第二个种,因此具有重要的古生物地理意义.     

蜚蠊目(六足总纲,昆虫纲)八种昆虫触角感受器的扫描电镜观察

获得蜚蠊目昆虫触角感受器外部形态的资料,为蟑螂的系统学研究积累一些新的基础资料.使用KYKYAMRAY 1000B型扫描电镜蜚蠊目8种昆虫触角感受器进行观察和拍照,然后进行比较分析.观察结果表明,蜚蠊目昆虫的触角均分布有毛形感器、刺形感器和锥形感器.蜚蠊目昆虫触角感受器的外部形态在科、属水平表现的差异程度与昆虫的分类地位相符合.触角感受器的形态结构也许能成为鉴别蜚蠊目科和属的有用特征.     

THE PROBLEMATIC GENUS MOBERGELLA FROM THE LOWER CAMBRIAN OF THE BALTIC AREA

An unusually well preserved phosphatic fauna has been found in boulders of Lower Cambrian conglomerate from Venenäs, on the Skäggenäs Peninsula in the Baltic Sea. The fauna is dominated by the problematic fossil Mobergella holsti (Moberg 1892). The present material shows that this form is composed of three separate taxionomical units, and two new species- M. radiolata n. sp. and M. turgida n. sp.-are introduced besides M. hoisti. The new evidence seems to discard entirely the theory that Mobergella has been a free-living organism of monoplacophoran type. Instead, the interpretation of the shell as the operculum of a tube-dwelling organism seems to be the most plausible one. The tube itself, however, has not been recovered.     

ON THE STRUCTURE OF CALAMOSTACHYS BINNEYANA FROM THE LOWER PENNSYLVANIAN OF NORTH AMERICA

The discovery of specimens of Calamostachys binneyana in Lower Pennsylvanan petrifaction material in North America has provided additional information about the structure of this calamitean fructification. The cones consist of regularly spaced alternating whorls of bracts and sporangiophores. Bracts are fused in a disc except at the margin where the individual units become free. Sporangiophores are inserted at right angles to the cone axis and bear four axially directed sporangia. The vascular system of the North American specimens differs from that in other reports of the taxon in the presence of twelve vascular bundles in the cone axis. Each sporangiophore is supplied by a single vascular trace that departs from one axial bundle. There appears to be no constant relationship between the number of vascular bundles and the number of bracts. Spores are spherical, thin-walled, and of the Calamospora type. Relationships with other structurally preserved members in the genus are discussed in light of the diversity in structure demonstrated by the new specimens.     

扬子地台西南缘早石炭世早期有孔虫化石带

扬子地台西南缘是早石炭世有孔虫动物群主要发育地区之一。本文通过滇东沾益、黔南独山、桂北罗城、环江、桂林、阳朔及灵川等10条剖面系统研究,首次从泥盆系顶部至维宪统底部建立了Quasiendothyra带,Bisphaera带,Chernyshinella带,Nodochernyshinella带(进而又分为N.tumulosa亚带和S pinotournayellina亚带）,Tuberendothyra带,Spinoendothyra带(分为Paradainella亚带和Psudodainella亚带Dainella带,Globoendothyra带,Palaeopaastaffella带及Eoparastaffella带等10个带和4个亚带,对每个带（及亚带）进行了有孔虫动物群详细分析。本文阐述了以N.tumulosa为代表的节结状次生沉积物有孔虫类出现,是早石炭早期有孔虫演化的一个重要阶段。通过Spinotournayellina,原始的tuberendothyrid,进化的tuberendothyrid至Spinoendothyra的出现。结合其它节结状和无节结状有孔虫层序特征详细分析了Tn2b-Tn3a间隔的有孔虫类一次次更新、演替关系,本文描述Spinotournayellina,Palaeospinoendothyra,Pseudoinflatoendothyra及Pseudodainella等4个新属及它们的模式种,简述了这些分类单位宏演化关系。对沿袭了半个世纪的岩关阶涵义作了修正,正限即为石炭系底界,始于Bisphaera带底界,上限止于Eoparastaffella带底界,并扼要地阐述了与西欧狄南盆地,北美同期地层对比关系。